DE591877C - Process for the splitting of hydrocarbon oils - Google Patents

Description

In the patent 582 717 a process was described by which distillation residues subjected to various types of treatment in a rotary kiln and the resulting Vapors together with the fission products from a cracking plant and the vapors from heated crude oil in a facility for fractional condensation can be introduced.

Both the crude oil vapors as well as the cracked material and the vapors from the rotary kiln contain poorly volatile hydrocarbons, which are used in the first part of the fractionation system To get separation. They essentially consist of asphalt. These residues must be removed from the cycle of the procedure while all other products for further processing or taken from the plant as finished products can be.

The residues now represent more or less difficult-to-sell products of lesser proportions Value. With an increase in the products of volatile hydrocarbons the accumulation of residues increases at the same time, and it is therefore advisable to further disassemble these products. It is advantageous to carry out this decomposition in such a way that that the heat contained in the products during their formation or separation is used as much as possible. As special There is a promising way of processing, which at the same time turns into raw materials for the splitting plant and leads to finished products in the fractionation plant.

According to the requirements, the procedure is that the residues that arise from the fractionation plant in hot liquid The condition as it comes out of the system is immediately fed to the rotary kiln, which processed them in the manner described in the main patent. The extracted oil fumes go the fractional condensation to where it is partly raw materials for the cracking plant deliver, partly as finished products.

The process is expediently carried out so that the crude hydrocarbon oils, which form the starting material for processing, initially evaporated and be broken down by fractional condensation. The condensates worth refining is removed from the circuit while the reflux condensates incurred are sent to the cleavage system walk. The reaction products from the cleavage plant are returned to the work-up cycle of the raw material back, the residues that are withdrawn from the fractionation plant are fed directly to the rotary kiln in the hot state, which processes them on coke. The fumes from the rotary kiln

furnace come into the fractionation facility, where they are shared with the raw material and the expansion material of the splitting plant are dismantled.

In this way, processes are obtained from the fractionation system which, although they consist of primary, Secondary and tertiary products exist, but all come from the same raw material. Through this unified origin the oils and motor fuels obtained have very favorable properties. In particular, the mixed condensates are more valuable than the substances that can be separated Processing obtained by subsequent mixing (mixed products). At the same time is through the direct transfer of the residue to the rotary kiln results in considerable savings Heat expenditure'-achieved.

'The names primary, secondary and

ao tertiary product require further explanation. In the present explanations, those fractions are referred to as primary products which are produced by condensation are extracted from crude oil and consequently come directly from the raw material without any chemical conversion to have experienced. The designation secondary products refers to those substances, which by fractionated decomposition arise from the expansion material of the splitting plant. These substances also come from the original raw material, but already have a more or less profound one Experience transformation. Tertiary products ultimately mean those substances which be formed by the decomposition of the vapors of the rotary kiln, as the rotary kiln a raw material is supplied that contains conversion products from the cracking plant, which are subjected to renewed decomposition in the rotary kiln.

The primary, secondary and tertiary products deliver in the process of the main patent and the present invention condensates which are obtained directly from the mixed ■ ·: ■ Steaming can be obtained. These condensates are called mixed condensates, ■ In contrast to the mixed products, which are obtained when the primary, secondary and tertiary products can be made by post-mixing them.

To see the differences between primary, secondary and tertiary products as well as zwisehen the mixed condensates obtained by the present process and the simple mixed products should be presented in some examples are given below. First of all, the asphalt should be singled out, that is, the substance which, according to the present invention, wholly or in part is to be further processed in the rotary kiln. Primary, secondary and tertiary asphalt show very significant deviations in their behavior and, as a result, in their market value. The one obtained from the three individual products by co-condensation Asphalt combines the beneficial properties of the three products that make it up, without losing the valuable peculiarities of the primary asphalt.

The products on which the compilation is based were modeled on a cracking plant taken from the Seelig system. The processed raw material consisted of a mixture of topped Mexican crude oil and German crude oil in a ratio of 1: 1.

Primary asphalt

Exterior: black, shiny, evenly kneadable; spec. Weight: about 1; Bitumen content of 99.8 ° / _0; Insoluble organic matter content: 0.05 ° / _0; Mineral content: 0.13 ° / _0; Type of minerals: iron compounds; Sulfur content: 5.58%; Paraffin content: 4,8 ° / _0; Freezing point: + 0 ⁰ C; Thread length at the dropping point: over 18 cm; Changes that occurred when heated for 5 hours at 165 ° C:

1. Weight loss due to evaporation:

0.1%,

2. Increase in the dropping point: 6 °,

3. Increase in the softening point: 4 ⁰ .

Secondary ra sρ ha 1t

Exterior: black, matt-glossy, smooth when broken, difficult to knead; spec. Weight: about ΐ, οΐ; Bitumen content: about 99.5 ° / _0; Insoluble organic matter content: 0.3 ° / _0; Mineral content: 0.06%; Type of minerals: iron compounds; Sulfur content: 3.12 ° / _0; Content of paraffin: 0.2 ° / _0; Freezing point: below -15 ⁰ C; Thread length at the dropping point: over 15 cm; Changes that occurred when heated to 165 ° for 5 hours:

1. Weight loss due to evaporation: 0.03 ° / ₀ ,

2. Increase in the dropping point: 4 ⁰ ,

3. Increase in the softening point: 2 ⁰ .

Tertiary asphalt

Exterior: black-gray, matt, gray and matt when broken, not kneadable; spec. Weight: about 1.1; Content of bitumen: 99 ° / _0; Content of insoluble organic substances: ^x >5%; Mineral content: 0.001 ° / _0; Type of minerals: iron compounds; Sulfur content: 0.3 ° / _0; Content of paraffin: 0.02 ° / _0; Freezing point: below -25 ° C; Thread length in the dropping point: about 10 cm; at

Heating by changes that occurred for 5 hours to 165 °:
i. Weight loss due to evaporation:

0.003%.
2. Increase in the dropping point: i °,

3. Increase in the softening point: 0.5 °.

M i s c h k ο η el e 11 s a t in the same B. operating gear according to the present

procedure

Exterior: black, glossy, smooth, matt-glossy break, easy to knead; spec. Weight: about τ; Bitumen content: about 9.9,6 ° / _fl; Content of insoluble, organic substances: 0.1 ° / _0; Mineral content: 0.07%; Type of minerals: iron compounds; Sulfur content: 5.02 ° / _0; Content of paraffin: 1.3 ° / _0; Freezing point: below - 12 ⁰ C; Thread length in the dropping point:

over 17 cm; Changes that occurred when heated to 165 ^{0 for 5 hours:}

1. Weight loss due to evaporation: 0.04%,

2. Increase in the dropping point: 4 ⁰ ,

3. Increase in the softening point: 2.5 °. In contrast, the mixed product which is produced with separate condensation of the individual processes and subsequent mixing will have, significantly less favorable properties, such as the list below shows :

Mixed product

Exterior: black, matt, matt when broken, not kneadable; spec. Weight: about 1.1; Bitumen content: about 98.2 ° / _0; Content of insoluble organic substances: 1.7%; Mineral content: 0.4% / <>; Type of minerals: iron compounds; Sulfur content: 4.11 ° / _0; Paraffin content: 3.7%; Freezing point: below ⁰ C-2; Thread length in the dropping point: over 8 cm; Changes that occurred when heated to 165 ^{0 for 5 hours:}

1. Weight loss due to evaporation: 0.08 ° / ₀ ,

2. Increase in the dropping point: 4.5 °,

3. Increase in the softening point 3.5 ° · As with asphalt, there is also pressure

in the case of the other products, the favorable influence of processing as mixed condensate through quality improvement. Processing was carried out in a cracking plant, the Seelig system the following car oils or partial cases of the raw material specified at the beginning obtain:

Primary car oil

Specific weight: 0.907; Viscosity: E at 20 ° C: 95, at 50 ⁰ C: το.2, at 100 ° C: 2.5. at 150 ^° C.: J, 44; Flash point: 198 ⁰ C; Setting point: + o ° C.

Secondary car oil

Specific weight: 0.922; Viscosity: E at 2O ° C: 90, at 50 ⁰ C: 10.2, at ioo ° C: 2.3, at 150 ⁰ C: 1.31; Flash point: 209 ⁰ C; Setting point: below -12 ⁰ C.

T e r t iär e s A u t ο ö 1

Specific Weight: 0.954; Viscosity: E at 20 ° C: 75, at 50 ⁰ C: 10, wherein ioo ° C: 1.95, at 150 ⁰ C: 1.27; Flash point: .217 ° C; Pour point: below -17 ° C.

M i s c h k ο η d ensat '

Specific weight: 0.909; Viscosity: E at 20 ⁰ C: 92, at "50 ° C: 10, at 100 ⁰ C: 2.2, at 150 ⁰ C: 1.41; Flash point: 215 ⁰ C; Pour point: below -15 ° C.,

M i s c h ρ r ο d u k t

Specific weight: 0.910; Viscosity: E at 20 ⁰ C: 81, at 50 ⁰ C, 10, ⁰ at 100 C: 1.9, at 150 ° C: 1.3; Flash point: 201 ° C; Setting point: below -5 ° C.

The same applies to the lubricating oil and spindle oil, is to be singled out in which only that the asphaltene content in the> tertiary products to 0.8 ° / ₀ increases, while not more than 0.1 ° / m in the primary product _0th Conversely, the content of volatile substances (warm samples) is greater in the primary product than in the tertiary product, which no longer contains volatile substances at all. The viscosity increases from the primary to the tertiary product. The mixed condensate contains only traces of volatile substances and has an asphalt content of 0.4%. The viscosity is favorable and the flash point is high, while the mixed product contains up to 1% asphalt and noticeable amounts of volatile substances and has a lower viscosity and a lower flash point.

In the case of petrol, the main factor is the content of aromatic substances, on unsaturated bodies, naphthenic hydrocarbons and the boiling curve which can be expressed by the code number. Also the behavior during refining is decisive.

P r i mär b e η ζ i η

Aromatic content: 11 ° / _0; Content of unsaturated hydrocarbons: 5 ° / <>; Naphthenic hydrocarbon content: 2%; Code number: below 110; Sulfuric acid test: under 3.

S e k u 11 d ä r b e η ζ i η

Content of aromatic substances: 17 ° / oJ Content of unsaturated hydrocarbons: 7.5 ° / _n ; Naphthenic hydrocarbon content

fen: 5 ° / ₀ ; Code number: at 110; Sulfuric acid test: under 4.

Tertiary gasoline

Aromatic content: 26.8 ° / _0; Content of unsaturated hydrocarbons: 11 ° / _0; Naphthenic hydrocarbon content: 9%; Code number: over 110; Sulfuric acid test: under 6.

Mixed condensate

Aromatic content: 19.5 ° / _0; Content of unsaturated hydrocarbons: 8 ° / ₀ ; Of naphthenic content: 7 ° / _0; Code number: over 115;
acid test: below 6:

Sulfur-

Claims (1)

Claim: Procedure for. Extraction of oils by heating distillation residues in a rotary kiln according to patent 582 717, characterized in that the high-boiling distillation residues from the fractionation system, which in addition to the Crude oil vapors are processed by the fission products from a cracking plant, the rotary kiln can be supplied immediately while they are still hot. RKnrtiic.K r in okr