DE581582C - Method for adjusting machines by means of a measuring device - Google Patents

Description

Method for adjusting machines by means of a measuring device Es devices are known with which you can perform a series of at certain time intervals Measurements made on a drum, tape or the like. Recorded point by point. Either a certain number of rashes fall continuously Series or a certain percentage of the deflections of the measuring instrument used in unwanted areas, you had to go through the aisle by hand the measuring device to be controlled machine intervene. There was an operator for this purpose necessary, which therefore had to observe the recordings of the measuring instrument. There were continue to make time consuming calculations necessary to get the overall result of the within to determine measurements made at a certain time.

Such devices are used, for example, for recording of weighing of a good (cigarette) delivered by a machine (cigarette machine).

In the case of the control device according to the invention, a known one is used Measuring mechanism used with a pointer temporarily actuated by a drop bracket, which closes different circuits depending on its position.

According to the invention, the regulation of machines is carried out in such a way that that with each current surge one of the switching mechanisms arranged in the circuits is switched, the downshift after a certain number of current surges of all rear derailleurs goes to the starting position, but if there is a rear derailleur exceeds a predetermined number of circuits by this one control device is put into operation. So, so to speak, storage devices are provided, which only put the control device into operation when the within a a certain period of time registered rashes in one or the other. Direction predominate.

Is the commissioning of the control device desired, if a certain number of measurements in uninterrupted series in one and the same (undesired) area fall, the rear derailleurs are switched off after each deflection of the Measuring device returned to the initial position, unless several circuits take place one after the other in one and the same switchgear, whereby after reaching a predetermined number of such shifts a control device in motion is set.

The switching device can consist of a heat-sensitive Sehalter, the one when a heating state caused by the current surges is reached Circuit for a control device closes.

Signal devices of any kind can also be used with the control device Kind of be connected.

It is advisable to switch a rotary magnet for each circuit an intermittently moving rotary contact, which at a certain level the controller circuit closes, as well as reverse rotation magnets, which on the rotary contacts the other Circuits act, so that a rotary contact, which is assigned to a specific circuit, it continues to turn until a The deflection of the measuring instrument falls into a different range and it is caused by the reverse rotation magnet of this other circuit is returned to the initial position or until it has a A certain number of stages has been switched on and through it a regulator circuit is closed. In the latter case, the rotary contact takes care of its reverse rotation automatically.

An embodiment is also possible in which a turntable is rotated intermittently with stops that can be moved on it for each measurement, depending on the current surges in one or the other meter, the stops are in be moved one way or the other on the turntable and with rows cascaded contacts for the control circuits interact which affect the running of the machine in different ways.

But it can also switch mechanisms, each after a certain Number of deflections get back to the starting position, -and those which be returned to the starting position with each deflection (unless several switching operations take place one after the other in one and the same switchgear), connect one behind the other, whereby it is achieved that both with an uninterrupted predetermined series of deflections in one and the same (undesired) area as well as a certain percentage of deflections in one area Control device is put into action.

For the control and signaling devices are preferably separate Circuits are used, which are operated by relays and for a period of time remain closed while the rotary contacts are turned back and the measuring instrument further registered. For this purpose it is advantageous to use the control and signal circuits to be opened again automatically by thermal contacts.

Furthermore, a counter can be assigned to each switching mechanism, which all acting on the rear derailleur. Electric surges registered.

Such devices can be found in cigarette machines, for example Find use, the measuring instrument being embodied by a balance, which weighs the cigarettes delivered, registers these weighings and if necessary intervenes in the passage of the machine, for example in the tobacco spreader.

One can, for example, by means of a suitable mechanical device Put a precise number of cigarettes on the scales every 20 seconds. The drop bar then comes into action, so that depending on the weight of these cigarettes one of the switching mechanisms is activated. If there is only a short-term disturbance so that only one or two weighings above or below the desired Mean values are not to be regulated. Only when z. B. five weighings are one after the other outside the desired value, should be made with the help of the suggested Procedure to regulate the tobacco supply.

However, the present invention is in no way restricted to such machines but can be used in a wide variety of machines that are operated by a measuring device of some kind are to be controlled, for example in electrical generators to regulate a constant voltage. Here a voltmeter will be used as a measuring device and one will be used by the device according to the invention Start a known type of regulator. Another example of the usage type is keeping the number of revolutions of a machine constant (turbine or the like). The measuring instrument is in this case a tachometer, which with the aid of the device according to the invention can act on a valve of the steam supply line.

The type of use is therefore versatile, and the cases listed above are only intended to serve as examples.

The present invention is capable of a number of implementations various of which are shown and described in the drawings.

Fig. R shows a circuit diagram of a device in which the switching mechanisms assigned to the various tolerance ranges each after one a certain number of measurements can be switched back to the initial position.

Fig.2 shows a circuit diagram of the device, in which the switching mechanisms be returned to the starting position after each deflection.

In Fig. 3 this is the circuit diagram when using a heat-dependent Switch shown in place of the switchgear.

Figs. 4 to 6 relate to the embodiment with a turntable and sliding stops on it.

In Fig.7 a possible combination of the switching mechanisms according to Fig.r and 2 is shown. In Fig. Z, the pointer Z of a measuring instrument, which can be rotated about point P, is equipped with a contact piece K, which connects the rail S to the contacts A, 0 - or B depending on the deflection of the measuring instrument. For this purpose, the pointer is expediently pressed against the rail and contacts from time to time in a known manner by means of a drop bracket or the like. Here, a circuit fed by the battery B is closed, in which the rotary magnet DM for the rotary contact designated above in the drawing with DM ' and, depending on the deflection, the rotary magnet SWI or SWII for the left or right of it drawn, with SWI''SWII' are located. When the contact 0 is connected to the rail, no circuit should be closed, since it has been assumed in Fig. I that the pointer Z then deflects in the desired range. If the contact piece K connects the rail S with the contact A, the magnet SW I switches the contact lever ki from contact ai to contact a2. If the same circuit is closed during the next measurement, ie if the deflection of the measuring device falls within the same range, the contact lever ki is again switched by one step to the contact a3, etc., until, for example, at aq any other power source supplied circuit closes in which there is a reverse rotation magnet RI, which rotates the contact lever ki back into the initial position. At the same time, however, a further circuit has been closed by the same magnet R1 or by a special magnet located in the same circuit by closing the switch pi, in which the controller R 'for the controller motor M is so that it responds and a regulation of the by the Measuring instrument controlled machine in a certain sense makes.

Furthermore, a thermal contact q i is closed by R I, which even after switching the lever k i further or down, the magnet R I to the Battery B will keep connected until it heats up enough to make a turn and interrupts the current flowing through the magnet. Only now does that fall too Switch p i back to its open position. By appropriately dimensioning q It is possible to set the holding time of the magnet R I as desired within wide limits to adjust.

The same circuit arrangement is repeated on the right-hand side of the Fig.i. Here the switching mechanism SWII 'is connected to the contact B by closing the finite switch Circuit switched, so in the case when the deflection of the pointer on the falls on the other side of the desired area. With the switchgear SWII 'will not as with the switchgear SWI 'after the third step at a4, but only with the fourth circuit, i.e. at b 5, the control circuit assigned to it by actuation of switch p2 and thermal contact q2 closed, whereupon via the controller R "the motor M is set in motion in the opposite sense Switchgear SWII 'closed circuit is also a reverse rotation magnet RII, who takes care of switching back SWII '.

For example, if four measurements fall on the area which the contact B is assigned, the motor IM is influenced in a certain sense; if three deflections fall within the range to which contact A is assigned, then becomes the motor M influences in the opposite sense.

For each measurement that falls within one or the other of the undesired tolerance range, the rotary magnet DM advances a rotating mechanism designated above in Fig. I with DM ' , so that the contact lever k 3 successively hits the contacts c2, c3 . .. comes to rest. With a certain number of shifts, for example after the fifth, i.e. at c6, a further circuit is closed by the lever k 3 in which the reversing magnet RM for the rotating mechanism DM ' and the reversing magnets RMI and RMII for the switching mechanisms SW I''SWII' so that everything is turned back to the starting position.

The arrangement can also be made so that the reset of the switchgear SWI 'or SWII' only takes place through contact c6.

In the example shown in Fig. I, all Switching mechanisms are switched back to the starting position after every fifth measurement. If, however, three of these five measurements fall within the left tolerance range, then so a control is carried out with the aid of the switchgear SWI '; fall from these five circuits vidr to the right tolerance range, so is through the switching mechanism SWII 'made a regulation in the opposite sense. In other words, the rear derailleur SWI 'switches on the control device when 60 ° / o of the measurements taken fall to the left tolerance range, and the SChaltwerkSWII 'switches the control device on, if So ° 1 ': the shifts made fall within the right tolerance range.

However, the number of contacts of the switchgear can be changed, for example by making the connections indicated by dashed lines, so that the control circuits are connected to contacts a6 and b7, the lines Z i and 1: 2 of course being omitted. Furthermore, the number of contacts or the number of steps of the rotary contact DM ' can be changed as desired, so that regulation takes place when a different percentage of deflections, which can be selected as desired, falls within the corresponding tolerance ranges.

In the circuit diagram according to Fig. A, it is again assumed that the contact O lies in the area in which the deflections of the pointer Z should lie and in which no regulation needs to be made. In contrast to the first embodiment according to Fig. I, several areas, ie several contacts A, A ' and B, B' are assumed to the right and left thereof. Their number can be increased at will. As a result of the circuits closed by the contact piece K, various switching mechanisms are also activated here with the aid of rotary solenoids SWI to SWIV, of which only the two labeled - SW I ', SWII' are shown. In the same circuit as the rotary magnets, however, the reverse magnets RM I to RM IV are now present here. However, these reverse magnets act here on those rotating mechanisms which are switched by the rotary magnets in the other circuits. So z. B. the reverse rotation magnet RAI I acts on the switchgear SWII ', SWIII' and SWIV 'etc. It. As just described, a reverse rotation magnet can act on various rear derailleurs. However, as indicated in the circuit associated with contact A ', various reverse rotation mechanisms RMIII, RMIII' and RMIII ", ie a reverse rotation magnet for each switching mechanism. The lines L3, L3 ', L3" lead to the contacts of the Switching mechanism SWIII ', not shown, and lines L4., L4' and L4 "lead to switching mechanism SLI7IV ', not shown. The switching mechanisms switch on the controller circuits assigned to them, as described in Fig. i.

The mode of operation of this device is now as follows: Will through the contact piece K, the rail S connected to the contact A, then the rotary magnet switches SWI moves the contact lever k i of the switching mechanism SWI 'one step further, for example on a2. If the next deflection falls in the same area, the contact lever becomes k i switched to contact a3. At the next power surge, the contact lever will k i switched to aq., after which the control device in the manner described above is put into action. However, this only occurs if three consecutive Rashes fall within this same range. For example, if the accepted one falls third deflection not in this range, but in any other tolerance range, so the contact lever k i is through the respective reverse rotation magnet of the other Circuit switched back to the starting position. So it only happens in that Case of a scheme when a certain number of measurements in uninterrupted before Row fall on the same area; in any other case it will be forward switched contact k of any switching mechanism by one of the reverse rotation magnets of the other circuits turned back to the starting position. The number of steps with the various slewing gears that are necessary before a control can take place can be set arbitrarily and independently of one another, for example so that in the tolerance ranges further away from the desired range Regulation already takes place with a smaller number of steps than in the desired one Area closer to tolerance ranges.

In Fig. 3, those for understanding the facility are no longer there necessary connections are omitted. The contact K is shown in side view and lies above an area to which the contact piece A is assigned. Through the connection the railS with contact A closes a circuit in which a counter ZI lies. At the same time, the counter magnet or a special, Not shown magnet actuates a relay and through this another circuit closed, in which a heat-sensitive switch WS is located. This more heat sensitive Switch takes the place of the switching mechanisms in the devices according to Fig. i and z. Counters can also be installed in the versions described above and by the primary. Circuits closed with the help of relays secondary circuits will. The WS switch according to Fig. 3 is set in such a way that it only responds when when a certain number of electrical surges are sent through it in a certain time be, d. H. that is, when a series of Messurigen falls on the same area. If one or more rashes fall in other areas, cooling occurs, so that the switch can again receive various current surges without switching. At a certain temperature, however, a circuit is closed by it, in which the magnet LM is located. This actuates the in the manner described above Switch p i and the heat-sensitive contact q i of the regulator circuit in which signal devices, for example a lamp L, can also be provided. Of the heat-dependent switch WS thus replaces both the switching mechanisms according to Fig. i as also the switching mechanisms according to Fig. z, because it switches on the controller circuit when a certain number of. Measurements in uninterrupted series on one area falls, but it also switches on the controller circuit when a certain percentage of measurements falls within this range.

In Fig. 3 the circuit of a second area is indicated, to which contact A 'is assigned. If contact K closes this circuit, a Zähhverk Z II assigned to it is switched on and switched on at the same time Relay actuated, which closes a second circuit, in which also a heat-dependent switch is located. This switch creates a corresponding regulator circuit closed. .

The device can be designed in such a way that, for example, the magnets Z'I and ZII act on the same switching mechanism. This can come into question if, for example, the contacts A and A 'are both on the same side of the desired area, that is to say correspond to the contacts A and A' in FIG. A common counter can then also be provided for the contacts on the other side of the desired area.

The arrangement according to Fig. 3 can also be designed so that separate counters, but a common heat-dependent switch for different ones Areas are provided. You only need the one indicated by dashed lines in Figure 3 Establish connection V. A corresponding arrangement of a single switching mechanism for different areas is of course also with the devices according to Fig. i and 2 possible.

In Fig.q. another embodiment of a switching mechanism is shown. Slidable stops F are attached to the rotatable disk E, which of the magnets MI and JllII are attracted in one direction or the other, so that they protrude a little on one side or the other of the disk E. the two magnets are in two different circuits, which are caused by the contact K are closed and assigned to different tolerance ranges of the measuring instrument are. It has been assumed in the execution according to Fig. 4 that there are two Tolerance ranges are to the right and left of the desired range. With every current surge in one or the other area, either the switch m or the switch n is open, so that the intermittent by the rotary magnet DiII shifted target E is shifted one step further, `name the concerned Switch m or sa is closed again. These switches are useful below stand under the influence of a spring tending to keep it in the closed position to obtain.

The stops F i, FZ ... (Fig. 5) touch contacts a, b ... and close them as the disc E continues to rotate. Any number of these contacts a, b ... are connected in series and are located in the controller circuit, as shown in Figure 6. If, for example, four contacts are provided, the relevant regulator circuit is closed when the instrument stop falls four times in a row on the same area and thus four adjacent stops Fr to Fq. emerge from the turntable E in the same direction. If, however, a deflection falls into another area in between, one of the stops F i to F4. emerge from the disk E in the other direction, and not all of the series-connected contacts are closed. The same contacts as shown in Fig. 5 lying in front of the disk E are attached behind the disk E. These contacts are in the second controller circuit, which sets the controller motor in motion in the opposite direction to the circuit described first. If a corresponding number of stops F are moved in the other direction with respect to disk E, the regulator circuit to which the contacts located behind disk E in Fig. 5 are assigned is closed.

In order to return the stops F to the indifferent starting position, Sliding surfaces or the like can be arranged on which they move during further rotation the disk E run up and can thus slide back in their bearings.

The number of contacts a, b ... connected in series can be selected as desired. Assuming that the in Fig. Q. Areas represented by the contacts A, B correspond to the areas named with the same letters in Fig. 2, it is easy to see that a further disk E can be arranged for the areas A ' and B' and possibly also for further areas still further disks can be provided if a subdivision into so many areas appears to be desirable. Here, the number of contacts a, b , etc. on one side of the disk and the number of contacts on the other side of a disk E need not be the same; likewise, the rows of contacts assigned to the various disks can be different with regard to the number of their contacts. In Fig. 7 the circuit of a device is shown in which a switching mechanism according to Fig. I and a switching mechanism according to Fig. Z are combined with one another. The need for such a circuit arises when, on the one hand, it is desired that a control is carried out when a predetermined number of deflections of the measuring instrument fall in an uninterrupted series in one and the same range and, on the other hand, it is required at the same time that a control is also carried out when a certain percentage of the measurements fall within the same range.

It should be noted here that in the apparatus in Fig. I example of the drawn on the left side switch mechanism SW I 'both at three successive measurements taken in the same area, the control apparatus is set in motion and in the case that 6o ° 1o of the measurements fall within this range, is regulated. By choosing the number of steps of the switching mechanism SW I ' and the number of steps of the rotary contact DM , the regulation always takes place at a certain percentage and at a desired number of steps. However, these possibilities are limited. It cannot be achieved that, for example, with three successive deflections in the same range and also with 40 % of the deflections in this tolerance range, the controller circuit is switched on, which is probably evident. In order to still be able to achieve this, however, the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 is made.

In Fig.7, the contact K on the pointer closes a circuit in which the magnet ZI of a counter and the rotary magnet D of a rotating mechanism D 'are located. Two switches r and t are closed by the magnet of the counter (or by a special magnet), whereby a current impulse is sent through the magnets DRI, DMI. The contact levers gi and g2 of the switching mechanisms DifT I ' and DR I' are incremented by these two magnets. If several current surges occur in the same area, the regulator circuit is closed by the magnet LI through the contact lever gi. In addition to the known switches p and q, a third switch is closed, whereby a current surge is sent through the reverse rotation magnet R1VII. As a result, the contact lever gi is rotated back into its initial position. The switching mechanism DMI 'thus causes the control device to be switched on when a certain number of deflections in an uninterrupted series fall within the same range. If, however, a deflection falls into another area before this certain number of deflections is reached, a current surge is sent through the reverse rotation magnet RMI via line Z II, so that the shift lever gi is turned back before it can close the corresponding regulator circuit. The line ZII leads to a second device, the circuit of which corresponds to that shown in Figure 7, but which is assigned to a different area. The line ZII leads to the switch assigned to the other area, which corresponds to switch r in Figure 7. In the circuit closed by switch r in Fig. 7 there is also a reverse rotation magnet RMII, which rotates the switching mechanism DMII '(not shown) of the other area. The line L II leads to the switch in the circuit of the other area, which corresponds to the switch shown in Fig. 7 u.

The contact lever g2 of the switching mechanism DR I ', which is switched on in stages by the rotary magnet DRI, also switches on the control circuit at a certain stage. The contact lever g2 is switched back by the reverse rotation magnet RM-DR I after a certain number of deflections. This reverse rotation magnet is located in a circuit which is closed by the contact lever 9 3 of the rotary contact D 'which is rotated further by the rotary magnet D in stages. The rotating mechanism D 'is common to all areas, and it also closes those circuits in which the reversing magnets for the switching mechanisms assigned to the other areas are located, for example the reversing magnet RM-DRII. The contact lever 93 is rotated back into its initial position by the reverse rotation magnet RD. The arrangement can also be made so that the contacts ci, c2, etc. are arranged in a circle, so that the contact lever g 3 jumps from the last contact c 7 back to the first contact ci. In this case, the reverse rotation magnet RD is superfluous.

The rotary magnets D in the various circuits of the various areas all act on the same rotary contact g3 shown in Fig. 7. 9 3 can also be actuated by just one rotary magnet D, which is connected to a common battery supply line.

The control device is thus switched on by the slewing gear DRI ' made, if within a certain (by the number of contacts from the slewing gear D given) number of switching operations a certain (by the number of contacts of the switching mechanism DRI 'given) percentage of deflections in an area falls. At the same time, the control device is switched on by the SChaltwerkDRI ' made when a certain number of deflections of the measuring instrument in uninterrupted Row falls within the same range, so that both -requirements are replaced by the ones shown in Fig. 7 The combination of the switching mechanisms shown is fulfilled.

It is clear that the number of contacts, i.e. H. the number of from the steps to be taken for the individual switchgear until the relevant Circuit can be any and in each area a different one.

Claims (7)

PATLNTAN SYRÜ CIIL i. Procedure for adjusting machines a measuring device whose pointer to close various circuits through a drop bar is temporarily depressed, characterized in that with each Current impulse of one of the switching mechanisms (SW) arranged in the circuits is switched is, after a certain number of power surges the switching back of all Derailleurs in the initial position going on, but if a derailleur has one performs circuit beyond the predetermined number of circuits this one control device is put into action. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that each switching mechanism after each by any of the The current impulse sent to the circuits assigned to the other switching mechanisms is returned to the starting position is returned that, however, when several circuits in a row in one and the same switchgear take place after reaching a predetermined number such circuits, the control device is set in motion. 3. Device for carrying out the method according to claims i and 2, characterized in that the switching device consists of a heat-dependent switch (WS) which, when reached a heating condition caused by the power surges, the regulator (11I) starts. q .. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim i, characterized in that a rotary magnet (SWI, SWII) for each circuit the corresponding switchgear (SWI ', SWII') and also in all circuits Rotary magnet (D117) for a rotary contact (h3) is located, which after a certain Number of switching operations closes a circuit in which reverse rotation magnets (R117, RMI, RMII) for this rotary contact and for all switching mechanisms. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 2, characterized in that in each circuit there is a rotary magnet (SW I, SW II ... ) for a gradually moving rotary contact which closes the controller circuit at a certain level, and a reverse rotation magnet (RMI, RMII ... ), which acts on the rotary contacts of the other circuits, is available. 6. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim i and 2, characterized in that a turntable (E) is rotated intermittently with stops (F) displaceable on it, the stops (F) depending on the current surges in the different Circuits are shifted in one direction or the other on the turntable and interact with rows of contacts connected in series (a, b ... ) for the controller circuits. 7. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim i and 2, characterized in that a switching mechanism according to claim i, which is switched back to the initial position after a certain number of measurements, and a switching mechanism according to claim 2 returned to the initial position after each deflection of the measuring device, are combined with one another are. S. Device according to claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the regulating and signaling circuits are automatically reopened by thermal contacts. G. Device according to Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that a counter (ZI, Z II ... ) is assigned to each switching mechanism, which registers all current surges acting on the switching mechanism, or that certain switching mechanism groups are assigned a counter which is responsible for the Group acting current surges registered. ok Device according to Claims 3 to g, characterized in that a counter is assigned to each circuit and a switching device is assigned to certain groups of circuits.