DE57316C - Galvanic element - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The present invention relates to the industrial application of the following described galvanic element, as well as the equipment required for resuscitation and operation of the same.

Two carbon electrodes, one of which is porous and covered with canvas, the other dense, non-porous and covered with loose iron, are immersed in a sea salt solution and a stream of air mixed with carbonic acid is for the purpose of depolarization through the pores of the with Canvas covered carbon electrode passed through. Such an element gives about 1 to 1.2 Volts ₅ when the circuit is open and the reduction in voltage when the circuit is closed depends only on the tightness of the current for the unit of area; with a closed circuit and a potential of 0.9, a current density of 3 to 5 amperes for ι qdm can be assumed. The above-mentioned electromotive force of 1.2 volts has not yet been obtained for iron in sea salt, from which the value of this new element is shown. This electromotive force can be broken down and analyzed in the following way:

An element, which consists of iron and carbon in saline solution, produces iron chloride, Caustic soda and hydrogen and gives. an electromotive force of about 0.3 volts. . If the hydrogen is allowed to be absorbed by atmospheric air, one obtains another 0.4 volts, and if you saturate the caustic soda with carbonic acid, it increases Potential difference of another 0.3 volts.

If one finally uses loose, reduced iron instead of compact iron, one obtains one more about 0.15 volts. So there is a total electromotive force Force of 0.3 -f- 0.4 + 0.3 + o, i = 1.1 volts.

During the electrolysis, the sodium carbonate meets the iron chloride; it arises finally iron carbonate and the sea salt are restored. The item is consumed therefore only iron, which is converted into carbonate and easily dissolves separate and reduce in a manner to be described later. running. The carbon dioxide is by the way likewise recovered by the same reduction process, so that one only has one Expenditure of 0.3 kg of coal as fuel to reduce the iron carbonate by means of carbon oxide is necessary in a dark red glow, and for this 0.3 kg of coal 1 kg of iron is obtained, d. H. about an electric horsepower.

The commercial application of the present invention arises in its practice Most advantageous on a large scale, for example with a production of 1000 electric ones Horsepower. Such a system includes the following departments:

i. The battery consisting of iooo elements, whose carbon electrodes have a surface of about ι m high and 2 m long.

These items are placed next to each other in common troughs in a similar way housed in the Wollastone trough batteries. Each pair of electrodes is made of fin-shaped Blocks of coal formed, one side of which is porous, the other side is dense, and between which there is a space for the

Claims (6)

Passage of the depolarizing to be distributed evenly over the entire electrode surface Gases remain free. 2. An air pump that feeds the 10000 elements about 4000 cbm of gas per hour feeds. 3. The pipe system, which is used for the continuation of the gas and the salt water, as well of the water mixed with suspended iron carbonate is used. 4. A drying system most conveniently set up for uninterrupted operation direction, which is used to access the salt water without human labor without interruption to be separated from the solid components. 5. A continuously operating machine to briquette the sludge. 6. A shaft furnace, which is fed through a lateral furnace with carbon monoxide of about iooo ⁰ C. and is connected to a regenerator. The iron carbonate sources are fed into this shaft furnace from above by means of a covered feed hopper and can slide downwards. The iron oxide is reduced in this way, with the formation of carbonic acid, which, after cleaning, is fed to the battery by the air pump. The other auxiliary devices do not need special mention; the same exist mainly from circulation pumps for water, from cables and electrical apparatus. The two accompanying drawings illustrate part of the battery and some details of the reduction furnace. The battery usually consists of one or more thick-walled wooden tubs about 2 m wide, 1.2 m deep and "any length", for example four are connected to each other to form 100 narrow compartments. FIG. 1 shows four of these Electrodes, the parts L of which consist of an agglomerate of coal, which has been produced by comminuting and stirring about one part of grain with one part of fatty coal and two parts of very porous clay and kneading the moist paste thus obtained. These parts L , after drying, are placed in muffles heated to about 1000 ^° C. and then have the required porous nature, that is, they are not simply perforated, like the products similarly mixed with coke, but have a looser molecular structure coated and heated again, whereby they become non-porous and dense on the one hand n. When assembling the battery, the porous side of the carbon body is covered with a protective wall, e.g. B. with coarse canvas, covered. This latter side of the electrode is the positive side, that is, the one which is depolarized by the gas entering through the openings N , while the part of the latter which does not come into effect (nitrogen) escapes through the pores and keeps the electrolyte in motion. The canvas layer also serves as a diaphragm and prevents direct conductive contact between the iron and the porous carbon electrode. The oxygen and carbonic acid are absorbed by the electrolytic action. The loose or briquetted iron is placed in the space between the electrodes and fills this whole space, while the saline solution is introduced through the tubes cc . The electrolyte flows out through the openings dd and carries with it the iron which has already been used and which has been converted into iron carbonate. The iron briquettes are very good conductors of electricity, so that the resistance of the elements is only proportional to the thickness of the canvas on the porous coal wall plus a certain coefficient. The current is taken off at both ends of the tub through metal plates EE ¹ . Between E ^l and the next carbon electrode, a mixture of coke and copper sludge is introduced to achieve an eventual current line sufficient for 100 amperes. The shaft furnace used to recover the iron is shown in FIG. A is a chamber into which the iron carbonate to be reduced is introduced. B is a feed funnel for the iron carbonate and K is the furnace, which produces a carbon oxide more or less mixed with hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The combustion gases take the direction of the arrows and are mixed with some air when they arrive in the upper part of A for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide. They then get to D and from here to the chimney, where they are partly sucked in by the above-mentioned air pump, then cooled, and washed to proceed to the battery. The time required for the combustion air enters at F a, heated at the chamber walls, and by using the same, following the directions of the arrows, arrives in A, the iron is reduced, and falls down in the locked by a thur H cooling chamber G. Patent claims: i. A galvanic element in which the positive electrode is made of iron and the elec- trölyt is formed from an alkali salt in aqueous solution, while at the negative electrode a mixture of air and carbonic acid is introduced, ztf.dem The purpose is that the hydrogen deposited at the cathode during electrolysis is oxidized and at the same time the formed caustic alkali and the soluble iron salt in alkali salt and "deposited iron carbonate is transformed. 2. In the case of the under i. characterized galvanic element the arrangement of carbon bodies α b, one side of which is porous, the other side of which is dense, in such a way that the gas mixture serving for the precipitation of the iron salt and for the regeneration of the alkali salt is introduced through an inner cavity L and in direct contact with that on the Cathode released hydrogen can be brought. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.