DE525406C - Hardening process for iron u. Like. By means of carbon-containing gases and vapors - Google Patents

Hardening process for iron u. Like. By means of carbon-containing gases and vapors

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Publication number
DE525406C
DE525406C DEL64486D DEL0064486D DE525406C DE 525406 C DE525406 C DE 525406C DE L64486 D DEL64486 D DE L64486D DE L0064486 D DEL0064486 D DE L0064486D DE 525406 C DE525406 C DE 525406C
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hardening
carbon
iron
vapors
hardening process
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEL64486D
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German (de)
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HEINRICH GESSLEIN
Original Assignee
HEINRICH GESSLEIN
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HEINRICH GESSLEIN filed Critical HEINRICH GESSLEIN
Priority to DEL64486D priority Critical patent/DE525406C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE525406C publication Critical patent/DE525406C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20Carburising
    • C23C8/22Carburising of ferrous surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

Härteverfahren für Eisen u. dgl. mittels kohlenstoffhaltiger Gase und Dämpfe Zur Härtung von Eisen u. dgl. war es bekannt, das Härtegut mit Härtepulver zu @umgeben und in einem Härteofen zu erhitzen. Für dieses.Verfahren war es Bedingung, daß das Härtegut an .allen zu härtenden Stellen in inniger Berührung mit dem Härtepulver blieb, da .andernfalls in dem Härtegut sich die bekannten weichen Stellen bilden. Dieses Verfahren hat mehrere Nachteile. Einmal wird der Kohlenstoff zu langsam frei, so daß das Verfahren verhältnismäßig lange Zeit in Anspruch nimmt. Versuche, durch Anwendung höherer Temperaturen das Verfahren abzukürzen, haben sich nicht bewährt, da die Härteschicht spröde wurde und öfter sogar zum Abblättern neigte; ,auch erfolgte ungleichmäßige Härtung. Schließlich war @es auch schwierig, die gewünschte Härtetiefe gut innezuhalten, und es wurden große Mengen Härtegut verbraucht.Hardening process for iron and the like by means of carbon-containing gases and vapors For hardening iron and the like, it was known to use hardening powder to harden the material to @surround and heat in a hardening oven. For this procedure it was a condition that the material to be hardened is in intimate contact with the hardening powder at .all areas to be hardened otherwise the known soft spots will form in the hardened material. This method has several disadvantages. Once the carbon is released too slowly so that the process takes a relatively long time. Try through Shortening the process by using higher temperatures has not proven successful, since the hard layer became brittle and even tended to flake off more often; , also took place uneven hardening. After all, @it was also difficult to find the desired depth of hardness easy to pause, and large amounts of hardened material have been consumed.

Ferner war es bekannt, Eisen o. dgl. in; sich drehenden Carbonisiertrommeln zu härten. Auch hat man schon vorgeschlagen, die Härtung mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Gasen aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Härtepulver vorzunehmen, die unter Druck stehen.It was also known to use iron or the like in; rotating carbonizing drums to harden. It has also already been proposed that hardening with carbonaceous Carry out gases from carbonaceous hardening powder that are under pressure.

Das Härteverfahren für Eisen u. dgl. mittels kohlenstoffbaltiger Gase und Dämpfe, die in einem luftdicht ,abgeschlossenen Ofenunter Einwirkung der Hitze ,aus einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Härtepulver entwickelt werden, istgemäß der Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Härtepulver aus Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Stoffen und anderen, Kohlensäure entwickelnden Stoffen besteht, ,aber in so geringer Menge angewendet wird, daß es das Härtegut nicht eingebettet enthält.The hardening process for iron and the like by means of gases containing carbon and vapors in an airtight, enclosed oven under the action of heat , developed from a carbonaceous hardening powder, is according to the invention characterized in that the hardening powder is made from carbon-containing substances and other substances that evolve carbon dioxide, but in such a small amount is used that it does not contain the hardened material embedded.

Es hat sich ,auch als zweckmäßig erwiesen, dem Pulver einen Stickstoff abgebenden Bestandteil beizugeben. Er beschleunigt die Härtung. Eine zweckmäßige Zusammensetzung besteht z. B. ,aus 15 bis 2o% Knochenkohle, Lupinenkohle, Lederkohle oder Schwelkoks, 4.o% Bariumcarbonat (oder ein anderes, in der Hitze Kohlensäure ,abspaltendes Carbonat, wie Calcium-, Strontium-, Magnesiumcarbonat) und 4.00/p Ammoniak (oder ein Ammoniaksalz, wie Ammoniumcarbonat, Ammoniumchlorid oder ein Ammoniak in der Hitze liefernder Stoff, wie Harnstoff, Calciumcyanamid, Cyanamid, Dicyandiamid). Es bilden sich wahrscheinlich gasförmige Kohlenstoffverbindungen, oder der Koks begünstigt die Kohlensäureentwicklung.It has also proven to be useful to add a nitrogen-releasing component to the powder. It accelerates the hardening process. A suitable composition is z. B., from 1 5 to 2o% bone charcoal, lupine charcoal, leather charcoal or smoldering coke, 4.o% barium carbonate (or another carbonate that splits off in the heat, such as calcium, strontium, magnesium carbonate) and 4.00 / p ammonia ( or an ammonia salt such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride or an ammonia in the heat supplying substance such as urea, calcium cyanamide, cyanamide, dicyandiamide). Gaseous carbon compounds are likely to form, or the coke favors the development of carbonic acid.

Von dem Vergasungspulver werden etwa 5%, berechnet nach dem Gewichte des Härtegutes, zusammen mit dem Härtegute in die Trommel gefüllt. Dann wird die Trommel luftdicht verschlossen und unter ständiger Drehung erhitzt. Das Pulver vergast schnell und erzeugt in der Trommel einen Druck, der besonders günstig auf den Härtevorgang einwirkt und dessen Stärke der Tiefe der beabsichtigten Härtung durch die Zusammensetzung und Menge des Pulvers genau angepaßt werden kann. Die Härtung erfolgt bei 72o bis 82o° C und dauert 15 Minuten bis -bei einer Härtetiefe von i mm - i Stunde. Die Vorteile des Verfahrens gegenüber der Einsatzhärtung bestehen in der absolut gleichmäßigen und vorher bestimmbaren Art der Härtung, in der Billigkeit des nur in geringen Mengen angewendeten Vergasungspulvers, in der Kürze der für die Härtung notwendigen Zeit und gegenüber der bisherigen Härtung mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Gasen in dem Fehlen des Carburators sowie jeder Belästigung des Arbeiters durch störende Gase.About 5% of the gasification powder, calculated according to the weight of the material to be hardened, is filled into the drum together with the material to be hardened. Then the drum is hermetically sealed and heated with constant rotation. The powder gasifies quickly and creates a pressure in the drum which has a particularly favorable effect on the hardening process and whose strength can be precisely adapted to the depth of the intended hardening by means of the composition and quantity of the powder. The hardening takes place at 72o to 82o ° C and takes 1 5 minutes to - with a hardening depth of 1 mm - 1 hour. The advantages of the process compared to case hardening are the absolutely uniform and previously determinable type of hardening, the cheapness of the gasification powder used only in small quantities, the shortness of the time required for hardening and the lack of hardening with carbon-containing gases up to now of the carburator as well as any nuisance of the worker by disruptive gases.

Es ist selbstverständlich, daß das an Hand einer Carbonisiertrommel dargestellte Verfahren :auch in feststehenden Öfen ,angewandt werden kann. Das Verfahren zeigt hier genau die gleichen Vorzüge. Selbstverständlich ist bei Verwendung feststehender Ofen die Aufstellung des Härtegüt@es so vorzunehmen, daß nicht die Stellen, welche gehärtet werden sollen, durch Berührung mit dem Ofen der Einwirkung des Gases entzogen werden.It goes without saying that this is done using a carbonizing drum Process shown: can also be used in fixed ovens. The procedure shows exactly the same advantages here. It goes without saying that when using more fixed Furnace the list of the hardness grade @ to make it so that not the places which are to be cured, removed from the action of the gas by contact with the furnace will.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Härteverfahren für Eisen u. dgl. mittels kohlenstoffhaltiger Gase und Dämpfe, die in einem luftdicht abgeschlossenen Ofen unter Einwirkung der Hitze aus einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Härtepulver entwickelt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Härtepulver aus Kohlenstoff enthaltenden ; Stoffen und anderen, Kohlensäure,entwikkelnden Stoffen besteht, ,aber in so geringer Menge angewendet wird, daß es das Härtegut nicht eingebettet enthält.PATENT CLAIM: Hardening process for iron and the like by means of carbonaceous Gases and vapors in an airtight furnace under the action of Heat can be developed from a carbonaceous hardening powder, characterized in that that the hardening powder made of carbon containing; Substances and other, carbonic acid, developing Substances consists, but is used in such a small amount that it is the hardness material does not contain embedded.
DEL64486D 1925-11-18 1925-11-18 Hardening process for iron u. Like. By means of carbon-containing gases and vapors Expired DE525406C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL64486D DE525406C (en) 1925-11-18 1925-11-18 Hardening process for iron u. Like. By means of carbon-containing gases and vapors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL64486D DE525406C (en) 1925-11-18 1925-11-18 Hardening process for iron u. Like. By means of carbon-containing gases and vapors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE525406C true DE525406C (en) 1932-04-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE886001C (en) * 1950-08-04 1953-08-10 Maurice Gerard Rouveyre Process and installation for cementing metal parts
DE968526C (en) * 1943-04-25 1958-02-27 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Process for surface hardening of workpieces by cementation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE968526C (en) * 1943-04-25 1958-02-27 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Process for surface hardening of workpieces by cementation
DE886001C (en) * 1950-08-04 1953-08-10 Maurice Gerard Rouveyre Process and installation for cementing metal parts

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