DE44838C - Innovations in machines for compressing gases and generating cold by means of carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE

Carbonic acid.

The innovations relate to compressors and in particular to their application in carbon dioxide refrigerators, and in combination with the same by arrangement of expansion cylinders for supplying the refrigerator (evaporator) with liquid carbon dioxide from the condenser.

Fig. Ι shows a compressor and expansion cylinder with a known movement mechanism.

The Compressionscylinder here comprises two downwardly through the channel \ among themselves communicirenden cylinders A and A .. In a precisely drilled cylinder A, the piston with its B through the gland kk ₁ after exiting the bottom piston rod _B1.

In the screwed- on caps of cylinders A and A ₁ there are suction valves α and U ₁ and pressure valves b and O ₁ . The suction tubes d and d _l open into the spaces above the suction valves α and α, while the pressure tube e opens into the common space above the pressure valves b and bj.

In the space below the piston B, between it and the stuffing box k of the piston rod, and partly also in the cylinder A _1, there is a locking or locking device which also serves as a lubricant. Pressure fluid, via which the carbonic acid vapors are sucked in from the refrigerator in cylinder A ₁ and compressed, while in cylinder A the gases are sucked in and compressed directly above piston B. The quantum of the blocking resp. Hydraulic fluid is dimensioned so that when the piston is in its lowest position it fills the space of the cylinder A ₁ up to below the valves.

The piston rod is double-sealed in the stuffing box at k and Zf ₁ and contains the space m between these seals, in which the blocking respectively escaping through the seal. Hydraulic fluid arrives and from where it flows through the pipe g into the space m, in the stuffing box of the expansion cylinder and from this stuffing box is returned to the internal circuit of the machine in the manner described below.

The expansion cylinder C has the purpose of the liquid carbonic acid coming from the condenser BEZW into the refrigerator. To create evaporator of the chiller. For this purpose, the liquid carbonic acid flows with a tension of approx. 60 atmospheres through the pipe ο and the expansion valve h into the cylinder, pushing the piston approx. 0.1 to 0.2 of its. Hubes continued, whereupon the expansion resp. Einlafsventil is asleep automatically, whereas in the further course of the piston, a part of the liquid carbon dioxide (ca. Y ₅ to Y ₃₎ and evaporate until the pressure in the refrigerator (20 to 25 atmospheres) expandirt to thereafter in the decline of the piston D by the by an eccentric moving outlet slide, cooled accordingly, to be expelled into the refrigerator.

The exact opening and closing of the expansion valve h takes place by pushing the piston D against a rod H ₁ provided with a piston-shaped extension and which can be pushed up in the tubular valve. This rod extends _h} with the valve closed so deeply into the cylinder (approx ο, ΐ to ο, 2 of the piston stroke), as the same with liquid carbon dioxide to be filled. When the piston D rises, it now pushes the rod Ji ₁ back and thus, shortly before the highest position of the piston, opens the valve by pushing the upper end of the rod H _1. When the piston descends with the simultaneous inflow of liquid carbonic acid, the same remains open until the approach h ₂ on the rod hits the valve, so that it closes and shuts off the inflow of carbonic acid. From then on to the end of the piston stroke, part of the liquid carbonic acid in the cylinder evaporates at the expense of the heat contained in it, and these vapors expand to almost the voltage in the refrigerator, in which when the piston is retracted through an eccentric When the outlet valve is open, liquid and vaporous carbonic acid can be expelled deeply cooled.

The carbon dioxide escaping in the event of a leak in the piston D reaches the annular space surrounding the piston rod D ₁ and is returned to the piston through the valve r located in the piston when it descends Hydraulic fluid that has passed over from the stuffing box chamber m on the compression cylinder is passed through the suction valve s into the annular space t and from there via the piston D. Furthermore, both gaseous carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide developer and possibly also sealing or pressure fluid (glycerine) can also be sucked in through the suction pipe / and the tap Z _{1 and introduced into the internal circuit of the machine.}

The movement mechanism of pistons B and D offers nothing new and can be arranged differently in a known manner without changing the internal functions.

Without changing the construction principle and the inner functions, the compression of the gases in the above-described compression cylinder can take place in two stages, by replacing the pressure valve b _{1 with} the suction valve α, and vice versa, the pressure valve b _i instead of the suction valve a _x , and that Suction pipe d _{1 is} connected to the condenser. When the machine goes out of the refrigerator, the carbonic acid gas is then sucked in through the pipe d, when the piston rises through the valve b ₁ and Ci ₁ into the cylinder A _{1, it} is displaced via the hydraulic fluid and then when the piston descends through the Valve b _x and tube d ₁ pressed into the condenser.

Without changing the internal functions, the cylinder shown in FIG. 2 can also be used in place of the compression cylinder shown in FIG. It consists of an inner, precisely drilled cylinder A with piston B and piston rod B ₁ and a cylinder A _{1 surrounding} cylinder A at a small distance . The cylinder spaces communicate with one another at the bottom through the holes η η through which the pressure resp. Barrier fluid flows back and forth when the piston moves. Here, too, the gases are sucked in and compressed on the one hand via the piston B through the valves α and b and then further via the pressure fluid in the cylinder A ₁ and through the pressure valve c and the pipe e after the condenser.

The stuffing box has the same arrangement as described in FIG. 1, and the overflow of any carbon dioxide that may have passed through from the chamber m through the pipe g after the expansion cylinder takes place in the manner described.

The compressor can also be arranged horizontally, as shown in FIG. 3, without changing its internal functions. In this arrangement, the cylinders A and A _{1 are} at right angles to each other, so that the sealing liquid is arranged in the upright cylinder A ₁ and between the piston and the stuffing box in the lying cylinder A.

The gases are first sucked into the cylinder A through the pipe d and valve α , compressed and through the valve b and the pipe f into the cylinder A, via the Sperrbezw. Pressure fluid is displaced, whereupon the gas, some of which has already been compressed, is further compressed in the cylinder A ₁ and expelled through the valve c and the tube e into the condenser when the piston retracts.

The sealing liquid which may partially escape into the stuffing box chamber m through leaks can either be fed back into the compressor by a small pump connected to the movement mechanism or fed in the manner described to the expansion cylinder, which may also be stored horizontally, if one is attached.

Finally, the arrangement may of Compressionscylinders also shown in Fig. 4 are taken by describing in the same manner as in the arrangement of FIG. 3, the cylinders A and A ₁ are also at right angles to each other, while both cylinders with the same Sealing lids and

The same suction valves a and O ₁ and pressure valves b and b ₁ arranged therein are provided, so that the carbonic acid vapors directly from the refrigerator through tubes d and (I ₁ both in cylinder A ₁ above the pressure fluid located therein and in cylinder A can be sucked in and displaced through the tubes e and e _x into the condenser. On the other hand, the gases can also be compressed in two stages with this compressor and forced into the condenser, if instead of the two punctured tubes β _λ and (I ₁ attach the connecting pipe f, as shown. This pipe connects the chamber above the pressure valve b with the chamber above the suction valve a ₁ in the cylinder. A ₁ .

A cylinder with a smaller diameter A _{2 is} connected to the cylinder A central to return any pressure fluid that may have escaped. A piston B ₂ fastened to the piston rod B ₁ moves tightly in this area. In the space t located between this and the stuffing box, the pressure fluid that may escape through the piston B ₂ first enters, and when the piston B ₂ retreats through the valve ρ it is transferred into the cylinder A ₁ , as shown, or into the space the valves CL ₁ and b ₁ pressed back. In the same way, any pressure fluid that may have passed over from the stuffing box chamber m is also returned through the suction pipe ο into the annular space t in front of the piston B ₂ and from there through the valve ρ and q into the cylinder A ₁ .

It should also be mentioned that the compressor in the various forms shown is surrounded by cooling water to dissipate the heat of compression, which flows in and out through pipes χ and y.

Finally, it is also noted that the construction of the compressor described without the expansion cylinder not only as a compressor for compression refrigeration machines, but can also be used with advantage as a compressor for air and gases of all kinds.

Claims (4)

Patent Claims: ι. A compression cylinder for compressing gases, especially carbonic acid in carbonic acid refrigeration machines, in a vertical (Fig. 1 and 2) or horizontal (Fig. 3 and 4) arrangement, in which the gases are sucked in and compressed not only in front of the piston B, but also behind the piston, namely above a pressure fluid located between it and the stuffing box of the piston rod, which moves up and down in a vertical cylinder space A ₁ communicating with the cylinder A according to the piston movement, whereby the direct contact of the gases with the piston - and stuffing box loosening is prevented. 2. In connection with this compression cylinder in carbonic acid refrigeration machines (claim 1) the expansion cylinder C (Fig. 1), in which above the piston D the liquid carbonic acid enters periodically from the condenser, and partly evaporates and expands up to the voltage in the evaporator simultaneous cooling exerts motor work, which is transmitted by the piston D to the movement mechanism of the compressor. 3. On this expansion cylinder C (Fig. 1; Claim 2): a) the inlet valve h, which opens and closes by contact of the piston D with a rod H ₁ movable in the valve; b) to return any pressure fluid that may escape from the compressor via the piston D, the connection of the suction chamber ί, the valves ν and r, as well as the stuffing box collecting _{chamber Jn 1} with the stuffing box chamber m of the compression cylinder through the pipe g \ c) the arrangement of the branch pipe I with a tap Z ₁ for sucking in gaseous carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide developer into the machine. 4. On the compressor shown in Fig. 4: a) the device for returning any escaping pressure fluid by arranging the suction space t between the piston B ₂ mounted on the piston rod B ₁ and the stuffing box in connection with the space m, the suction valve 0, the pressure valve ρ and the pipeline q \ b) the connection of the chamber above the suction valve in the cylinder A with the cylinder space A _{1 by} means of the pipe ^ / "to compress the gases in two stages: from the cylinder A into the cylinder A ₁ and from there into the condenser, to be done. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.