DE4425314C1 - Rendering civil engineering structures watertight by flushing with polyvalent metal salt soln and then water glass soln or silica sol - Google Patents

Abstract

A filling up process is disclosed for water-proofing engineering objects buried in the ground. In a first embodiment, an aqueous solution of non-polluting, water-soluble polyvalent metals salts is led onto or into the engineering object and if required any excess of aqueous metal salt solution is removed. In a second embodiment, a possibly additive-containing, aqueous sodium water glass solution or aqueous silicic acid sol with a pH value from 1 to 9 is supplied to the engineering object. The process has the following characteristics: (a) the viscosity of the aqueous solution of polyvalent metal salts is set from 10 to 1,000 mPa.s, preferably from 20 to 200 mPa.s, by admixture of water-soluble, non-ionic linear polymers; (b) as solution of water-soluble polyvalent metal salts a solution of said salts saturated at 35-45 DEG C is used; (c) an amount of alkali carbonate and/or alkali hydrogenated carbonate and/or if required carbon dioxide that does not cause any sedimentation is added to the solution of water-soluble polyvalent metal salts; (d) a previously prepared, fine aqueous suspension is added to the solution of water-soluble polyvalent metal salts and/or a fine suspension is generated in the solution itself; or (e) methods (a) to (d) may be combined. When methods (a) and (d) are used, the order of the two solutions (first solution, second solution) may also be reversed. If required, this filling up process is repeated one or several times.

Description

The invention relates to a method for water sealing of engineering objects embedded in the ground projects, primarily ducts, pipes and other construction and civil engineering structures by filling.

In the description and in the claims under "engineering objects" all structures, constructions, Objects, even natural structures (for example, natural caves and passages), their sealing against Water is conceivable by filling up. Characteristic Representative of the sanitation with the inventive method Engineering objects are canals, pipes, chess te, storage, basin, tunnel and cavities. Under "floor" all solid objects surrounding the engineering object are here Media understood, d. H. Soil, rock, gravel, sand, etc. the like Under "Filling" is a Ver working with chemicals drive understood to waterproof, in the course a first chemical solution in or on the one to be treated Object is brought, and after a certain time, after the necessary removal of the chemicals excess, a second chemical solution in or on top of that object to be treated is brought.

It is known that the water resistance in the Engineering objects embedded in the floor (for example below ducts, pipes and storage) often not Requirements meets what is partly the unsuitable qua lity of the building materials used, some of the defects in the Butt joints of the pipes and part of the complete aging of engineering objects and that due to the increase in mechani and chemical pollution is attributable.

It is also known that the removal of the men  gel on engineering objects embedded in the floor by means of Remodeling or by conventional mending extraordinary is costly and labor intensive.

To consolidate the soil - before building an ob jektes or during its subsequent repair used chemicals for a long time. All of these with Chemical working process is common that in the soil to be treated or in the environment of the Object liquids are brought in that fit together a second component is a water-insulating and form the firming gel.

The longest known chemical process to consolidate the soil and to isolate it from water became aqueous water glass solution as a gel-forming liquid used. The gel formation was with salts of polyvalent Me talle (for example calcium chloride and / or magnesium chloride rid) initiated (literature: Bowen, R .: Grouting in Engineering Practice. Applied Science Publishers LTD, London 1975).

The two solutions were in any order introduced one after the other into the soil to be treated. The action of the salts results from the water glass a gel that makes the floor waterproof and at the same time solidified.

In the practical application of the procedure However, it was found that with the multivalent cations holding salt solutions a quick and complete ge at the points to be insulated or sealed cannot be guaranteed. If the sewer renovation by filling up the aqueous salt solution first in the Channel is given, it runs at the damaged areas of the Ka nals unimpeded into the soil surrounding the canal and  can seep long distances from there. As a result, is on the existing local salt concentration not high enough to make a quick and complete gelie Ren the water glass introduced as a second liquid secure solution at the damaged areas. The water glass solution can therefore remain relatively ungelled for a relatively long time Escape damaged areas and seep away. That finally in Gel is formed at a greater distance from the damaged area of loose structure, heavily interspersed with soil and for complete sealing against water is essentially unsuitable. If you reverse the order of the two solutions, so forms the metal salt solution introduced as the second solution on the surface that comes in direct contact with it water glass solution a gel skin through which it does not can advance further. This leaves a large part of the water glass solution introduced as the first liquid does not contribute to waterproofness and insulation at.

Techno logic worked out in which to gel the Wassergla These chemicals have been used that are easier to use Let water glass mix, with water glass in a regulated possible reaction or form a gel yourself.

According to Hungarian Patent No. 153 975 the water glass solution with gaseous fluorides (fluorine water substance, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen silicon fluoride) ge liert. In Hungarian Patent Specification No. 186 586 there is one Variant of this method described, according to which the Water glass solution the elasticity of the resulting gel increasing organic polymer is added. This ver driving is hardly used anymore because of the use which is actually a quick and complete gelation ensuring gaseous fluorides and hydrogen silicones  fluoride solutions because of their high toxicity in most Countries is prohibited.

Numerous methods are also known in which Use organic substances to gel the water glass solution det with the alkali content of the water glass solutions react. In Hungarian Patent No. 189 250 is described a technology in which water or solution of an ester prepared as an solvent organic polymer containing bonds with the water mixed glass solution and then the polymer is crosslinked. Ge according to British Patent No. 2 186 879, the Water glass solution by adding organic polycarboxylic acid Ren the gel is formed, and at the same time increase the elasticity of the gel incorporated organic polymers. Ge according to the Hungarian patent specification No. 200 498, the aq water glass solution in contact with a silica sol brought, the dispersion medium from a with lye un ter simultaneous separation of silica and water glass reacting liquid is formed. In the sense of the Hungarian patent specification No. 201 575 is the Wasserglaslö Solution added protein hydrolyzate, which the gel properties changes and promotes gelling; the mixture is then with an acidic aqueous silica gel liert.

The latter methods have in common that for gelling and / or changing the properties of the Gels used considerable amounts of organic matter become. These organic substances form the water insulation de Gel from the water glass solution generally not in an egg a momentary reaction, but in a longer one pulling time reaction, they can therefore from the place of treatment migrate and get to other areas in an uncontrolled manner gen. When the organic matter in the gelation reaction  not used up or not completely in the Gel structure is included, this excess may be late no longer be eliminated, but remains in the Environment. For reasons of environmental protection, the type and Amount of organic matter that can be brought into the soil strictly limited, and these regulations limit the type Applicability of the sealing process using chemicals strong.

Much of the water used to gel the water salts of multivalent cations (for Example a significant portion of the calcium, magnesium, Iron or aluminum salts) are environmentally friendly dangerous, natural substances. These metal salts are too suitable for gelling aqueous silica sols. Under the Environmental aspect it would be extremely beneficial clinging when waterproofing by filling of engineering objects embedded in the ground (in the first Line channels) as gelling agent environmentally friendly, water to use soluble salts of polyvalent metals; it must ever but be absolutely sure that the metal salts the desired location of the insulation work and in the for quick and complete gelation of the water glass solution or a sufficient local concentration of the silica gel available.

The object of the invention is the solution of the genann task.

It has been recognized that - if you go to the waterproof m engineering objects embedded in the floor Replenishment process in which

• - The first solution is the aqueous solution of water salts of polyvalent metals in or on the engineer brought object,  
• - If necessary, the excess of the aqueous metal saline solution removed, and
• - As a second solution, known additive aqueous water-glass solution containing substances or aqueous Silica sol with a pH of 1-9 in or on the Inge object is brought -

which are needed for quick and complete gelling local metal salt concentration to the desired This ensures that the insulation work is carried out can that one

• (a) the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the salts polyvalent metals with water-soluble, non-ionic, linear polymers to 10-1000 mPa · s sets, and / or
• (b) as an aqueous solution of the water-soluble salts polyvalent metals a solution saturated at 35-45 ° C of the corresponding salts, and / or
• (c) the solution of the water-soluble salts more polyvalent Metals alkali carbonate and / or alkali hydrogen carbonate and / or carbon dioxide in an amount that forms no precipitation yet, and / or
• (d) the solution of the water-soluble salts more polyvalent Metals a fine aqueous solution previously prepared separately Mixing suspension and / or in the solution itself a creates fine suspension,

if necessary initiating once or repeated several times.

In the following, the aqueous solution of the water-soluble Chen salts of polyvalent metals, the appropriate additions contains, as component A, the aqueous water glass solution or silica with a pH between 1 and 9 sol referred to as component B.  

Under the term "water-soluble salts multivalent In the following, "metals" are exclusively metal salts understood that are not harmful to the environment to Example the calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminum sal ze. The iron and aluminum are particularly preferred salt because of the alkalinity of the water glass solution or the silica sol gel-forming, well sealing forming hydroxides.

The first in the inventive method solution directed to the area to be treated by the Object can seep into a greater distance, has a con composition, the - the polymer used in process a) billed - the composition of the number of jobs len healing waters appearing in nature comes close. The difference is essentially only there rin that the solutions for the inventive method are artificially produced.

In procedure a), by setting the visco metal salt solution primarily the seepage the solution is slowed down, thereby the local concentration the metal salts increased at the desired locations. Which he High viscosity also has the advantage that the viscosities of the two solutions are more similar and there through the cracks and cracks in the floor as a static mixer act and mix the two solutions well together.

To increase the viscosity of the aqueous metal salt solution can be non-ioni harmless to health linear polymers are used. It can be homopoly mers and copolymers are used equally, the Ter minus "polymer" includes both. As examples of ver Reversible polymers may be mentioned: polyacrylamides, polyethylene lenoxides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, water  soluble cellulose ethers (for example methyl cellulose, Hy droxyethyl cellulose) etc.

The molar mass of the polymers that can be used is available partial between 5 × 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁷, especially above 1 × 10⁵. The greater the molar mass of the polyiner used, the less the amount needed to adjust the visco quantity of the metal salt solution is needed. The watery me tall salt solution can contain about 0.01-10% by mass of polymer. Such a content of organic substances is also in Countries with very strict environmental legislation still have it leaves.

In the case of method a), it is appropriate to Crosslinker of the linear Po added to the metal salt solution lymers of the water glass solution introduced as the second solution to add. As a result, the polyiner is crosslinked in the mobilized, thereby preventing the polymer or some of them have to travel longer distances covered or washed out with rainwater or groundwater becomes. By immobilizing the polymer, the strictest environmental regulations.

The crosslinker for the polymer is made according to the Type of polymer chosen, taking care that this crosslinker with the water glass solution or the aqueous silica sol must be compatible. For networking tion of the above-mentioned polymer types are suitable substances known to those skilled in plastics chemistry. Radical formers are examples of crosslinkers named, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, water soluble organic peroxides such as sulfonated benzo yl peroxide. Individual polymer crosslinkers, such as the Aldehydes are in the aqueous Me containing the polymer tall salt solution inactive and occur only in the alkaline  Water glass solution or the silica sol interact with the mobile hydrogen containing polymer. These Crosslinkers can the polymer-containing aqueous metal salt solution.

In the method b) according to the invention, this is to be acting engineering object a 35-45 ° C warm and at the water saturated metal salt solution. By doing the engineering object surrounding floor, its temperature le only a few degrees Celsius around a constant value, fluctuates characteristically by 10-18 ° C, the solution cools suddenly falls off, and at the same time, the isolation drops at the desired location the warm dissolved salt in the form of a fine distributed precipitation. Ent at the desired location this means that a high local salt concentration, which the in second step introduced water glass solution or the Kie quickly and completely at the desired place le gels.

In process c) according to the invention, an aqueous Metal salt solution made from which, when in the Soil reaches, the metal cations partly as carbonate and / or excrete hydrogen carbonate. To the aqueous me tall salt solution are alkali carbonates, alkali hydrogen carbo nate and if necessary against carbon dioxide to a degree ben that none when stored in a closed container Precipitation fails. Preferably the alkali hydro gene carbonates used. The quantities required depend on the selected conditions and can be from Expert easily determine by a few experiments. So can for example 1-15%, preferably 5% carbonate be used. If this aqueous metal salt solution comes into contact with the ground, so - partly through the mechanism of concentration balance, in part by the surface effect of the granular solid - the dissolved Carbon dioxide and part of it in the form of hydrogen carbonate bound carbon dioxide released, and from the solution differ at the desired location of the insulation  work off the corresponding metal carbonates, the essential are less soluble than the bicarbonates. Also in this way, at the desired location Gelling required metal ion concentration.

In process d) according to the invention, an aqueous Me tall salt solution used, either one previously separated prepared fine aqueous suspension mixed or in the Solution itself produces a fine suspension, namely

• - by dispersing fine dusty substances,
• by precipitation by means of a further solution added to the metal salt solution,
• - added by coagulating the metal salt solution silica sol or
• - by combinations of these options.

Under fine suspension or finely suspended dust shaped particles are understood here as solid particles, de average diameter less than 0.03 mm is preferably less than 0.003 mm.

The fine suspension can be made of, for example, Na bentonite, Ca-bentonite, kaolin, zeolite, quartz flour, limestone, dolo with, Aerosil, alumina hydrate and many other na door or synthetic fabrics.

The processes a) -d) according to the invention can also can be combined with each other. For example, the ge according to method a) polymeric aqueous metal Heat the salt solution to 35-45 ° C and at this tempera saturated solution in or on the object to be treated conduct. The beneficial effects of the add up the procedure, d. H. some of the warm dissolved salt falls in the form of a finely divided precipitation at the desired position, on the other hand a quick migration of the at soil temperature (10-18 ° C) saturated metal salt solution prevented by the polymer. In this combined Application can adjust the amount of viscosity the aqueous metal salt solution required polymer white  ter be reduced because it is sufficient to adjust the viscosity to set the lower limit of the range specified above len.

Another possible combination is the metal salt solution Alkalicar mixed with the polymer bonate, bicarbonate and, if necessary, coal add dioxide.

A combination of methods b) -d) can also successfully applied in practice.

Occasionally it may be necessary in the interest a complete seal the filling once or several times to repeat. The fillings can be different which methods are used, for example he can st perform according to method a), the second according to method Method d) can also be done in the individual steps Components A and B of different compositions and / or viscosity can be used. For example it is expedient, for the first filling components A and B one higher viscosity, for the second refill "thinner", i.e. H. Components A and B to use lower viscosity.

Sealing the engineering objects against water succeeds in the case of methods a) and / or d) even if the two solutions applied in reverse order become. So, for example, the defective canal section first with component B and after pumping it back the component A filled, so forms in the bottom permanently water-insulating gel mass. The efficiency of the Refurbishment generally increases when replenishing is fetched; in this case the order is B, A, B, A. La have boratorium experiments and semi-technical experiments proved that under otherwise completely identical conditions  and with the same recipes in the order A, B, A, B one somewhat firmer gel mass develops; in terms of water tightness, the two methods are equivalent.

In the method according to the invention are preferred Water glass solutions used, the module (SiO₂ / Na₂O-Ver Ratio) is greater than 3, preferably greater than 3.4 and their viscosity at 10-1000 mPa · s, suitably 20-200 mPa · s lies.

The applicable aqueous silica sols are preferably weakly alkaline (pH 7.5-9), and its dry sub Punch content is over 20% by mass. The dry matter content the commercially available aqueous silica sols generally carries a maximum of 50% by mass.

The aqueous water glass solutions and aqueous pebbles Acid sols can, if necessary, known additives, for example concrete plasticizers, water-soluble organic Contain polymers, buffers, surfactants, foam inhibitors, etc. The possible additives are in the patents cited above specified in more detail.

In the following examples, the percentages refer on the weight.

example 1

To compare the different recipes under A pilot plant was built on an industrial scale. Each unit of the pilot plant consisted of prefabricated ones a sleeve on one side for inserting the next pipe pointing concrete pipes 2 m long and 300 mm in diameter, which were laid at a depth of 2 m as a 6 m section. Both sides of this section culminated in prefabricated Standard shafts of circular cross-section. When laying the pipes were used for embedding and filling (up to 30 cm use three different materials over the trenches of the trenches det: sand with a particle size up to 1 mm, gravel with a part  size of 0.2-20 mm and finally sieved gravel one Particle size of 2-20 mm. In one experiment (experiment 6) de for embedding a Ge prepared in a ratio of 1: 1 mix of sand and gravel. The individual sections of the pilot plant were created identically, and in each was the artificially created several damaged areas, their number and However, size was the same for all sections. For example the rubber ring was removed from the sleeve at a joint distant, a piece of the Pipe broken out, the pipes were from above, from below and drilled from the side, on the side binding the pipe wall was incorrectly pried open, etc. The Damaged areas were numbered and before and after the re parature photographed. In this way it was clearly recognizable what amounts of gel or solidified floor mortar each recipes with different soil conditions form assets and what quality this mortar has.

For filling a pipe section with two chess th (at the beginning to the edge of the shaft) was about 3 m³ Liquid was required, however, with regard to the expected consumption of the individual components A and B each 3.6 m³ provided. The carriage of the liquid from the container into the pipe section to be renovated and - after a corresponding waiting time - out of the pipe cut back into the container using Hochlei submersible pumps within a few minutes; during the Waiting time penetrates the liquid due to its own hy drostatic pressure in the damaged areas.

The components of the first recipe had the following

Composition:
Component A:
2% polyacrylamide (PAA), manufacturer:
Interk´mia GmbH, Budapest, average molecular weight 9 · 10⁵, available in the form of a 5% aqueous solution, non-ionic, free of monomers;
10% MgCl₂, technical MgCl₂ · 6H₂O was dissolved in the PAA solution;
4% FeSO₄, technical FeSO₄ · 7H₂O was dissolved in the PAA solution
0.5% glutaraldehyde, technical quality, about 25% solution;
83.5% water.

In detail, the production was as follows. 1.63 m³ (a little more than 8 barrels) of the 5% PAA solution were filled into a metal container with a volume of 4 m³. After adding 1 m³ of tap water, the solution was by means of circulated by a pump. Meanwhile, sacks were made 869 kg crystalline magnesium chloride (407 kg pure MgCl₂) and 298 kg of crystalline iron sulfate (163 kg of pure FeSO₄) admitted. After the salts had dissolved, 78 l Glutaraldehyde solution added. Then the solution came with Tap water filled up to 3.6 m³. The viscosity of the homogenized solution at room temperature was 75 mPa · s.

Component B:
97.5% concentrated Na water glass, manufacturer: Kemikál, Budapest, module: about 3.5
2.5% sulfomethylated melamine, which is on the market in the form of a 20% solution as a concrete plasticizer BP-1 (manufacturer: Agrok´mia)
Component B is produced in detail as follows. In a second container of 4 m³ volume, 3 m³ of water glass (4.05 t) were filled, 580 liters of BP-1 solution (about 3 barrels) were added, and the solution was circulated by means of a pump. The viscosity of the homogeneous solution was 60 mPa · s at room temperature.

The 6 m long pipe section to be renovated and the both associated shafts were opened with solution A. fills, followed by a waiting time of about 15 minutes  on, during this time the solution level dropped by 40 cm, d. H. about 500 l of solution had seeped into the ground. The rest of the solution was pumped back into the container. Like this component A was removed from the shaft as soon as possible de started pumping in component B. Even with the Component B was filled up to the point of overflow. The drop in the liquid level was measured every minute sen. It slowed down and heard about one Hour all the way up. Component B levels decreased overall by 29 cm, d. H. about 370 l of component B seeped into the Bo the. The rest of the water glass solution was added to the container pumped back. The rehabilitated pipe section was equipped with pipes filled with water, the sinking of the water level was observed tet.

The measured value was below the permissible lower Limit, d. H. the repair was done in a single cycle has been carried out successfully. Filling up with water was done repeated after one month and after two months. After this first month the water level dropped by 50% got bigger, but was still below the permissible limit value. The one made after another month Measurement showed no change. The appearance that probably due to syneresis, he runs in last month. The concrete measurement results are in Table 1 contain.

Example 2

The experiment was carried out as described in Example 1 bene way with the difference that the pipe section in ge seventh, coarser gravel was embedded, which is why with a greater consumption of solution was to be expected. Too big However, chemical consumption worsens the economy procedure. It is therefore in such cases expedient to ver the viscosity of components A and B. larger and filler solution of lower viscosity only in the case  to use a necessary second filling process. The recipes were as follows:

Component A₁:
3% PAA as in Example 1
6% MgCl₂ as in Example 1
6% Al₂ (SO₄) ₃ (technical Al₂ (SO₄) ₃. 18 H₂O)
85% water.

The 3.6 m³ component A was produced in the manner described in Example 1. The solution had a viscosity of 180 mPa · s
Component A₂:
2 m³ of water were added to the solution A 1 (about 3 m³) pumped back after the first filling. After homogenization, the solution had a viscosity of 45.0 mPa · s.

Component B₁:
96% Na water glass as in Example 1
4% Na₂HPO₄ in the form of technical Na₂HPO₄ · 12H₂O.

Component B 1 was produced by concentrating 3.2 m³ sodium water glass were added to the container were given 374 kg of crystalline disodium hydrogen phosphate. Of the Solution process was accelerated by revolution. The Lö solution was made up to 3.6 m³ with tap water.

Component B₂:
98% conc. Silica sol (manufacturer: Bayer AG; trade name: Kieselsol 100F / 45
2% glutaraldehyde in the form of a 25% solution.

The component B₂ was prepared by 3.3 m³ of milk-like silica sol was added to the container, in addition there were 317 liters of technical glutaraldehyde, and the Lö solution was homogenized. The viscosity was 8 mPa · s The test pipe section was renovated similar to that described in Example 1, but with the sub decided that the filling was done in two stages. It was found that the component seeped away  B₁ did not slow to the extent that that according to Example 1 was the case. Therefore, after 45 minutes, when the mirror component B 1 had already dropped by more than 30 cm, the solution is pumped back into the container and the section filled with the solution A₂. The solution A₂ could as a result their low viscosity also in the finer pores and Ka penetrate pillaren, in which the solution A₁ does not penetrate could. Probably because of this, the game sank gel by about 20 cm within 60 minutes. Now the Solution A₂ pumped back into its container and the pipe down cut with the much thinner component B₂ filled up. Although the component B₂ is almost as thin as Water is, since the consumption was only low, became fast even less and came to a standstill after 50 minutes. Of the The mirror had dropped a total of about 14 cm. H. of the Component B₂ only about 180 l were consumed.

Then the water pressure test was carried out in whose course practically no seepage was registered. After a month the water pressure test was repeated, the Values (see Table 1) were much cheaper than the ge according to example 1.

Example 3

The third pipe section was in contrast to the the first two embedded in fine sand. So that at An using the same technology around the damaged areas form sufficient amounts of hardened ground mortar filling with components of lower viscosity began nen.

Component A:
1.5% PAA as in Example 1
30% Al₂ (SO₄) ₃ (technical Al₂ (SO₄) ₃. 18 H₂O),
78.5% water.

Component A was produced in a manner similar to that in Example 1 was described, but water was used to dissolve it  a temperature of 80 ° C used. When pumping it was Solution still warm at 45 ° C. When penetrating the floor was the solution oversaturated, Alumi was excreted sodium sulfate. (At the time of the tests, the temperature of the Soil in 2 m depth about 17 ° C.) The pumped back Lö solution had a temperature of 28 ° C. Before the start of the two th cycle, the solution was brought up to 35 ° C by blowing steam warmed up.

Component B₁:
80% Na water glass as in Example 1
15% tap water
5% Na₃PO₄ in the form of technical Na₃PO₄ · 12H₂O

Component B₂:
was prepared from the pumped back rest of the component B 1 by adding 20% water.
The third section of pipe was renovated in two cycles, similar to the second, with the difference that component A was almost the same in both cycles, only the salt content of the solution had decreased by a few percent due to cooling, which is why the Solution warmed only to 35 ° C in the second cycle. In the second cycle, the component B 1 was further diluted to fill up the finer pores and capillaries. In the first cycle, about 330 l of component A seeped through the damaged areas in the ground within 30 minutes, and component B 1 disappeared at a slowing pace within 40 minutes, a total of 210 liters. In the second cycle, 140 liters of component A were consumed within 30 minutes and 90 liters of component B₂ within 80 minutes, then the consumption stopped.

The renovation was successful, is from the values can be seen that the actual amounts of leachate the permissible limit by far not reached.

Example 4

The pipe section to be renovated was like that  Example 1 embedded in gravel. The solutions used had the following composition:

Component A:
6% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), also soluble in cold water, degree of hydrolysis about 85% average molecular weight, manufacturer: Hoechst AG trade name: Mowiol N18-88
5% NaHCO₃ in the form of technically pure material,
5% Na aluminate in the form of a technically pure approximately 85% solution
84% water.

The PVA is a fine powder. This slowly became while stirring constantly, a solution is prepared which is concentrated was more than required. In this solution, the Salts dissolved, and only at the end by adding the be calculated amount of water adjusted the 6% polymer content. The viscosity of the solution was 72 mPa · s.

Component B:
96% Na water glass as in Example 1
4% boric acid in the form of a technically pure, approximately 40% solution

In the production of component B this was the case make sure that the boric acid slowly and with vigorous stirring was added. The liquid had a viscosity of about 76 mPa · s.

The renovation was described to that in Example 1 made in one cycle. The received before Partial results are shown in Table 1.

Example 5

The pipe section was embedded in sand, similar to Example 3. The following recipes were used:
Component A:
did not contain any organic polymer as thickening agent, but a very fine, colloidal suspension was prepared by precipitation (intensive stirring) of some silica sol.
3% silica sol (calculated as dry matter), manufacturer; Bayer AG, trade name 300F / 30
9% NaHCO₃ of technical purity,
0.1% Ca (HCO₃) ₂, which is formed by dissolving the micronized dolomite powder,
1.9% Mg (HCO₃) ₂, which is formed by dissolving the micronized dolomite powder, 86% carbonated water with 0.3 bar CO₂ pressure.

Component A was in the pressure-resistant, 6 m³ capacity Sludge tank (truck construction Rába, Gyõr) prepares as follows. 3.3 m³ tap water are in the Be given more, 340 kg were added with vigorous stirring Given NaHCO₃ and 80 kg of micronized dolomite. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes, then the container sealed and so much CO₂ in from high-pressure gas cylinders pressed the solution that an excess pressure of 0.2 bar in the gas space originated. After a further 30 minutes the overpressure was good table disappeared. While circulating the solution became 0.3 m³ Kieselsol 300F / 30 added. After closing the container was an excess pressure of 0.3 bar by injecting CO₂ set. From this colloidally fine suspension falls in Soil after the CO₂ has been removed, part of the Hydrocarbonate and glues the silica particles with each other.

Component B:
82% Na water glass as in Example 1
3% Na₂HPO₄ from technically pure Na₂HPO₄ × 12H₂O
15% water

The readily soluble disodium hydrogen phosphate was added to vigorous stirring dissolved in the water glass solution. The solution had a viscosity of 48 mPa · s.

The pipe section was renovated in one cycle, however, the well first became only up to 1 m of liquid padded to the seepage speed of the thin  Decrease suspension. It was only after about 20 minutes the liquid column is filled up to 2 m. After another 20 Minutes, component A was pumped back and the compo nente B fed. Component B remained in for 90 minutes Canal section, within this time the seepage came to an end Standstill. As Table 1 shows, this was also sania successful.

Example 6

This pipe section was roughly in a proportion nis 1: 1 prepared mixture of sand and gravel embedded. The following recipes were used:

Component A:
5% PVA as in example 4
5% MgCl₂ from technical MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
2% potassium persulfate, technically pure,
88% water.

Component A was based on that described in Example 4 Prepares wise. First the PVA powder was dissolved and then added the salt to the solution. The homogeneous solution had a viscosity of 52 mPa · s

Component B:
91% silica sol 100F / 45
7.8% acrylic acid, technical
0.2% methylene-bis-acrylamide, technical
0.5% citric acid, food grade
0.5% FeSO₄ from technically pure FeSO₄ · 7H₂O

Component B was produced with intensive stirring, by gradually adding the acrylic acid to the silica sol has been. Then the citric acid was added, and, after to whom everything had dissolved, the finely powdered iron sulfate. The viscosity of the solution was 6 mPa · s.

The renovation was carried out in a manner similar to that in Example 5 wrote, d. H. the liquid column was gradually opened builds. After pumping back component A, the height also increased component B slowly increased. The infiltration of the Solution B stopped after about 50 minutes. As from Table 1  it can be seen that the gel formed was subject to the first Month of hardly any syneresis. The advantage of this gel is in that it is elastic and also for repairing Ka nal sections can be used, the strong vibration are exposed.

Example 7

A canal section 42 m long and 300 mm through knife should be refurbished. The section was between two shafts and had 6 side bindings. The following Recipes were used:

Component A:
7.5% PVA as in Example 4
5% MgCl₂ from technical MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
8% Al₂ (SO₄) ₃ (technical Al₂ (SO₄) ₃. 18 H₂O),
4% FeSO₄ from technically pure FeSO₄ · 7H₂O
75.5% water.

Component A was as in the previous ones Examples described produced, only in large quantities. To fill the section described were 11-12 m³ Liquid is required (this contains the seepage losses already included.) The viscosity of the solution is 80 mPas.

Component B:
95% Na water glass as in Example 1,
5% borax from technically pure Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H₂O.

The powdered borax became slow, with intense stirring ren dissolved. The solution had a viscosity of about 80 mPas.

The renovation was carried out similarly to the examples 1 and 4, only because of the larger quantities Refill and pump back more time (about 5-6 minutes) needs. In the first cycle, solution B oozed away did not open even after 60 minutes, which is why the filling up repeated. In the second cycle, the removal of the components te B stopped after 20 minutes. As from Table 1 the renovation was successful.

Claims (11)

1. A method for waterproofing an engineering object embedded in the ground, in which the first solution is the aqueous solution of water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals which are not detrimental to the environment and the second solution is an aqueous water glass solution or an aqueous silica sol with a pH between 1 and 9 leads on or into the engineering object - or initiates the solutions in reverse order -, characterized in that one

• (a) the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the salts of polyvalent metals with water-soluble, nonionic, linear polymers is set to 10-1000 mPa · s, and / or
• (b) an aqueous solution of the water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals is used at 35-45 ° C saturated solution of the corresponding salts, and / or
• (c) adding alkali carbonate and / or alkali hydrogen carbonate and / or carbon dioxide to the solution of the water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals in an amount such that no precipitate forms yet, and / or
• (d) admixing the solution of the water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals with a previously separately prepared fine aqueous suspension and / or producing a fine suspension in the solution itself, the introduction being repeated one or more times if necessary.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that to adjust the viscosity of polymers with a Molar mass between 5 × 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁷ is used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that 0.01-10% by mass of the aqueous metal salt solution Add polymer.   4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the polymers used are polyacrylamides, Polyethylene oxides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and / or uses water-soluble cellulose ethers. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized featured, that either the first or the second solution crosslinker for which polymer is added. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the the water glass solution or the silica sol Crosslinker for the polymer is added. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that one delivers free radicals as a crosslinker of the polymer Per connections. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that one except the aqueous metal salt solution another suitable polymer for crosslinking the polymer, in the aqueous metal salt solution, however, inactive and only by the action of lye active compound adds. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the suspension is generated:

• - by dispersing fine, dusty substances,
• by precipitation by means of a further solution added to the metal salt solution, and / or
• - by coagulating silica sol added by the metal salt solution.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as dusty substances to produce the suspension Bentonite, calcium bentonite, kaolin, zeolite, quartz powder, Limestone, dolomite, Aerosil and / or alumina hydrate is used.   11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that after the aqueous solution of water-soluble salts that do not harm the environment polyvalent metals the excess of this solution is removed before the second solution is initiated.