DE4319989A1 - Process and apparatus for the treatment of secondary raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the treatment of secondary raw materials, especially for the treatment of electronic scrap. The problem here is that the individual fractions of useful materials are to be obtained as highly sorted as possible. For this purpose, according to the process provided, after preliminary dismantling and/or in the equipment of a comminuting and classifying arrangement, sorting by means of sensors and discharge devices is initiated.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for the processing of secondary raw materials, in particular for Processing of electronic waste.

Processes and devices for processing Secondary substances have the task of containing the substances According to defined criteria, if possible, single-variety to represent.

A device that works with the conventional Processing method solves this task is z. B. in DE 41 00 346.2. The separation into the Desired components are made here according to different physical principles, e.g. B. magnetic Properties (magnetic separation, eddy current separation) or also according to mechanical properties (selective Shredding with subsequent classification). Here magnetic and non-magnetic fractions are formed. The non-magnetic fractions can be separated on are divided into metallic fractions and one Plastic fraction. These factions are with the conventional procedures with regard to increased Sorting requirements can only be sorted to a limited extent.

In addition, it occasionally occurs when disassembling Complete devices for errors. The disassembly takes place necessarily manually at tape workstations. This are due to the monotonous work requirements a not inconsiderable error rate. Therefore Miscarriages often occur when sorting the colors of the Plastics. Often contain the plastic housing still residual metals. Sorting by Plastic types are often faulty.  

Also throw at the conventional ones Processing techniques according to a basic principle in the processing technology used crushing and Classification circuits to achieve a certain Degradation levels, especially at the Electronic scrap processing, problems. In the Crushing can cause excessive heating of the Secondary raw material occur. This will help the goal of an improved outreach increased adhesions between plastics and other ingredients. The danger for this is all the more larger, the more often the coarse material after one Classification device in the shredding stage is returned. In addition, this return flow can take on considerable proportions, whereby the Total capacity of the plant is reduced.

The object of the invention was therefore to illustrate the To avoid disadvantages in the prior art.

This object is achieved by an inventive Method according to claim 1 or an apparatus according to Claim 5. The sub-claims 2 to 4 and 6 to 10 give further designs of the method or device at.

According to the inventive method for the preparation of Secondary raw materials, in particular electronic waste after a pre-disassembly and / or in the return one Crushing and classifying a sorting carried out by means of sensors and ejection devices. This has the advantage that, on the one hand, it already does Incorrect sorting during pre-disassembly can be corrected. On the other hand, the return flow from the Classifying device for shredding device  decreased. The sorting is preferably already by first coarse shredding can be used favorably but also after each further shredding stage be provided.

Metal parts and / or are preferred for sorting sorted out metal-containing plastic parts. This has the Advantage that the plastic is used as a residue very early on is sorted out.

The sorted plastic is preferred with a further sorting device according to different Sorted plastic types. This sorting is done preferably before comminution or before the return into the shredding device, as a result of this in the Shredding device through multiple circulation resulting adhesions can be avoided.

The different types of plastic are preferred sorted by color using sensors. This gives a higher quality raw material for reuse.

The facilities eligible for sorting are related to the description of the Device explained in more detail. For the procedure is on the description of the device so far complete Referred.

The inventive device for processing Secondary raw materials, especially electronic waste, has at least one sorting device from at least one sensor and at least one Ejector exists. The sorting device is preferably already arranged in the pre-assembly. Here are usually plastic housings from those in it arranged circuit boards and the metallic  Fasteners separated. When separating the Plastics must ensure that none metallic components are included.

A sorting is therefore preferably arranged at one of the sensors is a metal sensor.

In a preferred embodiment, the sensors are for Selection of metallic components as inductive or capacitive devices executed. As inductive Devices come especially ring sensors or Ring coils, slot coils and cylindrical or cuboid sensors for use. In particular, at equipment with ring sensors the mass flow of the sorting goods are passed through the ring. Each according to the pulse shape and height detected in the sensor, the Separation of the metals by an appropriately controlled Separation device, such as. B. a pneumatically operated Flap or an electrically controlled pipe switch respectively. In particular come as capacitive sensors Sensors made of two concentric metal electrodes in Question that in the unloaded state with an HF Don't oscillate oscillator. By in front of the Pieces of material passed by metal electrodes Generates vibrations, which are processed into switching signals become.

For further sorting of plastic parts that do not contain metallic components is provided at least one sensor to detect the type of plastic to arrange.

For the separation of the different types of plastic as a "sensor" spectroscopic, electrostatic or capacitive devices arranged. Under spectroscopic facilities are said to be here  Analysis facilities are understood that z. B. after Principle of X-ray fluorescence analysis or Mass spectroscopy or the NIR measurements or the Neutron activation analysis or thermo-optical Detection work. As an electrostatic separation the separation of charged particles in the called electrostatic field. As capacitive Facilities come the ones already described above capacitive sensors in question, as is well known Non-conductors, which act as dielectrics, the capacity affect the sensor, which also causes vibrations arise in the HF circuit. As a thermo-optical detection the optical analysis of the heating and / or Cooling behavior of the plastic parts such. B. with a Thermo camera understood.

After the different types of plastics are separated, can be advantageous for each type of plastic Selection according to different colors be performed. This will be particularly optical "Sensors" provided where the plastic successively illuminated with light of different colors become. This allows the different colors select because when irradiated with the Complementary color to the respective color of the parts particularly high contrast results (contrast-selective Method). This method can be advantageous Image processing system are used in which the images created with the different exposures saved and analyzed. Such a thing Image processing system can also be advantageous with a Color camera connected as an optical analysis device become. A video camera, e.g. B. a CCD matrix camera are used.  

The sorting device is preferred in connection with a conventional processing device for Electronic waste used. Here, the sorting device according to the invention in the return between a classifying and a shredding device be arranged. This is particularly advantageous because it is the one that is being returned Plastic component leads to adhesions. This occurs especially with thermoplastics that are poorly shredded become and from the shredding device in large Form to be ejected again. With repeated circulation such plastic components, it can happen that metallic components in them, so to speak are aggregated or the growth continues increases. These, but also other plastic materials then remain in the return and burden the shredding or have a negative impact on the overall performance of Plant off.

In the attached figure is the combination of the Device according to the invention with a conventional Processing plant for electronic scrap schematically shown.

• a) manual disassembly of the devices in their Main components and sorting of the Main components according to suitable fractions, e.g. B. housing parts sorted by material type, electrical and electronic components, special parts such as picture tubes, contaminated components etc.,  
• b) Pre-shredding the from the electrical and existing electronic components Electronic scrap to a part size smaller than 2 to 4 cm and extraction of the coarse metal parts in two successive sorting levels, one Magnetic separation to separate the rough ones Iron metal shares and an eddy current separation for the separation of the coarse non-ferrous metal parts,
• c) Post-shredding of the pre-shredded residual material a grain size below 1 cm and extraction of a Iron metal content by magnetic separation and one Non-ferrous metal content by sighting and / or electrostatic deposition,
• d) Fine comminution of the comminuted residual material a grain size less than 100 µ and then Wet separation into one plastic fraction and one Metal fraction.

The housing parts obtained in process stage a) be a sorting facility with the above described "sensors" supplied. This becomes one pure plastic fraction won. The metal one Plastic fraction is used for electronic scrap processing fed.

In electronic scrap processing itself, the sorting device according to the invention preferably in the Process stage b) after the eddy current separation used.

In particular, the sorting device according to the invention in process stage c) after the first air separation source arranged because just in this material Enrichment of the thermoplastics takes place.  

With regard to the further description of the Process stages a) to d) are disclosed on the Patent application DE 41 00 346.2 referenced.

Claims (10)

1. A process for the preparation of secondary raw materials, in particular electronic scrap, characterized in that after pre-disassembly and / or in the material of a comminution and classification device, sorting is carried out by means of sensors and discharge devices. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that when sorting metal parts and / or sorted out metal-containing plastic components become. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that when sorting plastics different types are sorted out. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that when sorting plastics different colors can be sorted out. 5. Device for processing secondary raw materials, in particular electronic waste characterized in that the sorting device at least one sensor and at least one Ejector exists. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that one of the sensors is a metal sensor. 7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized characterized in that one of the sensors for detection the type of plastic is formed.   8. Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized characterized in that one of the sensors is a color sensor is. 9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized characterized that sensors and launchers arranged in front of the first shredding device are. 10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized characterized that sensors and launchers in the return between a classifier and a Crushing device are arranged.