DE4313157A1 - Process and equipment for opening of cathode ray tubes - in order to facilitate removal, and separation of their component parts for re-use or safe disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

A process and equipment for opening of cathode ray tubes (CAT) to allow clearing off or separating their material components. In a cathode ray tube (15) is a narrow linear expansion, approximately ring shaped in the region between the light shield (front part) and the tube base (rear part) of the wall of the cathode ray tube. By heating of the cathode ray tube over its entire length for a fixed time, the resulting stresses in the glass cause the forward, light shield part of the tube to separate from the rear, base, part of the cathode ray tube due to fracturing. The fracture region is approximately horizontal to the C.R.T. middle axis. USE/ADVANTAGE - Due to the rising number of waste CRTs (from televisions) arising n household waste, it is necessary to find a way to re-use, dispose of safely, or re-condition the component parts. The first step in any such process is the opening up of the CRT. The removal of the luminescent layers from the CRT is environmentally advantageous as they include many harmful heavy metals. It is also economically advantageous as some of the elements e.g. yttrium are very rare.

Description

The present invention initially relates to a method for Opening cathode ray tubes for reprocessing their material components. The invention further relates to a Process for removing deposits, in particular phosphors, of inner surfaces, in particular screen surfaces of cathodes jet tubes, and the invention also relates to a method for processing the material components of a cathode jet tube. The invention further relates to devices for Carrying out the method according to the invention and a Circuit arrangement for operating an inventive Contraption. Finally, the invention relates to particular ones Applications.

Cathode ray tubes, in particular with a shadow mask or the like. Provided picture tubes, such as are used for television receivers, occur in an ever increasing amount as waste. Already in view of the more or less aggressive and also toxic components that make up the fluorescent materials of such tubes, cathode ray tubes are classified as hazardous waste. The phosphors of cathode ray tubes contain, for example, Y ₂ O ₂ S, ZnCdS, CoAl ₂ O ₄ , ZnO, ZnS, CdS, and CaWO ₄ , which substances are additionally doped with activators made of Ag, Zn, Cu, Mn and / or Cd , whereby for reasons of optimizing the luminous effect of the phosphor, the luminous layer is often covered with a thin aluminum layer lying in the range of a few μm. - It goes without saying that it must be prevented that such substances get into the groundwater, so that cathode ray tubes require a special type of workup, which includes the appropriate opening or access Lich appropriate interior of the cathode ray tube as the first, important step.

In addition, the material components of Cathode ray tubes at least partly also around precious materials, such as in particular that in phosphors for fluorescent screens from Cathode ray tubes used yttrium, one of the rare ones Elements (lanthanides), which is why a suitable processing cathode ray tubes also for economic reasons is extremely interesting. But also the glass components from Cathode ray tubes have some economic importance, especially when the reprocessing process is as close as possible effective and economical way. This also includes the best possible separation from for the production of Components of a cathode ray tube used difference Lichen types, as they are particularly in the case of Color picture tubes occur.

EP-A-0 222 948 describes a method for separating components of a cathode ray tube, in particular a color picture tube, in particular a color picture tube, namely for separating a shielding tube from a tube bulb connected to the shielding tube by means of a two-component adhesive, in which the connecting seam between the shielding tube and the tube bulb of the color picture tube is exposed to the action of dilute nitric acid (HNO ₃ ), with the additional application of ultrasound. - This method allows you to open non-destructive color picture tubes identified as defective during production and - after eliminating the error - to re-enter the production process. - This method is not suitable for opening cathode ray tubes for an economically feasible refurbishment - disposal and recycling - large quantities of such tubes, in particular also those whose fluorescent screen and tube bulb consist of a one-piece glass body.

EP-A-0 157 249 describes a process for working up of rod-shaped fluorescent lamps, in which the two discharges ends with base and electrodes according to the previous Heating abge by a flame using a cutting wheel be separated and then the phosphor with the help of pressure air blasts detached from the inner wall of the vitreous and is collected in tissue filters, after which the vitreous in is crushed by a jaw crusher. - This procedure can not with the prospect of satisfactory processing success be transferred to cathode ray tubes because, on the one hand, that Cutting a tube with a cutting wheel after previous sufficient, sufficient heating can take too much time and because on the other hand a sufficiently complete removal of the whole on the fluorescent screen and if necessary in adjoining areas of the inner wall of the tubular column besides covering using compressed air blasts is not expected.

Furthermore, DE-U-81 22 615 and DE-U-81 22 614 show a Device and a holder provided for this purpose for removing on the back of color television tubes Coverings of defective and removed during production tubes in need of improvement. The tubes are under Use of a suction plate to hold the tubes on their Screen with the help of high pressure water jets from outside  Coverings, especially graphite coverings, are exempt. The high pressure Water jets emanate from nozzles that are attached to the The shape of the wall of the tubular bulb, for example adapted nozzle bars are arranged. - This publication however, gives no suggestion on how cathode ray tubes simple and economical ways to open the in their interior as well as the glass or the under refurbish various glass components of picture tubes can.

Finally, EP-A-0 298 035 describes a method for Recycling fluorescent and television picture tubes, in which the Tubes placed in a gas-tight sealable container and then be smashed under water, taking the pollutant coated glass breakage that releases or releasing acid is added. - This procedure is relative time consuming and for that reason alone, but also because of the necessary safety precautions for the operating personnel expensive; moreover it has the disadvantage that from multi-component picture tubes not like this can be treated that the components by glass types can be collected separately.

task

The present invention is therefore generally the object based on the fact that in an ever increasing amount as rubbish lend cathode ray tubes and the like., In particular those of the number of television picture tubes, appropriately processed and disposed of and / or Recycle your material components. Be the first for crucial to technical and economic success, an important step in the work-up is an appropriate one Opening or making the relevant interior areas of the To name cathode ray tube. There is also a part of the solving task in the most economical and for  the operators harmless, simple way the different material components of cathode ray separate pipes and the like from one another and dispose of them and / or prepare for reuse.

solution

The solution of the main part of the task according to the invention, namely an appropriate opening or making accessible the inside of the cathode ray tube or the like enable is in the characterizing part of claim 1 specified.

The inventions are used to solve additional subtasks according to the characterizing parts of the secondary claims 12 and 13 suggested.

Advantageous and expedient further configurations of the The inventive method according to claims 1, 12 and 13 are in subclaims 2 to 11 and 14 and 15 specified.

Claim 16 calls an advantageous application, while Claim 17 to a special method in connection with relates to this application.

In claims 18 to 47 are preferred and / or expedient details on according to the inventive method working devices called.

Claims 48 and 49 relate to an advantageous circuit arrangement for operating a device according to the invention, while claim 50 finally a possible application of the method according to the invention on fluorescent lamps.  

benefits

The main advantages of the method according to the invention the dependent claims 1, 12 and 13 and the according to these Process devices are their economy and usability considering appropriate Refurbishment of large quantities of cathode ray tubes. Beyond that it is - after appropriate adjustment the necessary devices for the design of fluorescent lamps - possible, the method according to the invention Claim 50 also for reprocessing, ie disposal and / or recycling to apply fluorescent lamps.

The inventive method can be with the apply desired success particularly advantageously such as it is specified in claim 2.

In the case of cathode ray tubes, which can be expected is that the or the - to be disposed of separately - phosphors not just on the inside of the actual fluorescent screen are located, but more or less far in reaching into the area of the tube bulb is a procedure advantageous according to the proposal of claim 3. In order to can then be achieved in the subsequent removal of the phosphor all phosphor parts of the cathodes beam tube can be detected. This would be the case if the Cathode ray tube near the screen trough in such Tubes not guaranteed.

With two components - namely a screen tray and Tube bulb - existing cathode ray tube is one Appropriate procedure as stated in claim 4.

To generate the for performing the invention Narrow, linear process necessary Effect of heat on the wall area concerned Cathode ray tube can - preferably - one accordingly  heated wire-like and accordingly compliant or also a tubular and accordingly stiffer in itself electric radiator against which the relative wall area of the cathode ray tube relative is pressed as proposed in claim 5. The warming will - especially because of the more or less curved wall course - expedient according to claim 6 respectively.

An alternative to generating the heat effect mentioned calls claim 7. It is then appropriate according to the Proceeded proposal according to claim 8.

If so - at least with some types of cathode ray tubes - opening in the manner according to the invention of the tubes is also possible without this - because of the usually negative pressure - separate have been aerated, however, the method is preferred after Claim 9 executed.

Around metal parts contained in the tube base (mostly made of stainless steel existing) before further processing or opening in Area of the screen pan from the cathode ray tube to ent to be able to remove and prepare and / or dispose of them separately, a method step is expedient, as claimed in claim 10 is called.

The method according to the invention is also advantageous performed a manner as stated in claim 11. This Special handling features also have advantages for the further workflow, e.g. B. transporting one now separated from the rest of the cathode ray tube Umbrella pan and holding it above a washing system for or washing out the phosphor from the inside of the Umbrella tray.

The secondary claims 12 and 13 represent combinations of  Basic idea of the invention according to claim 1 with further for processing and / or disposal of cathode rays tubes represent expedient procedural steps.

Claims 14 and 15 name preferred, not further Procedures for the procedure that require explanation Claim 13.

With regard to economy and the best possible achievable Success in opening cathode ray tubes according to the invention is preferably a resistance heating wire according to claim 16 applied. - Claim 17 gives an advantageous mode of operation for the resistance heating wire.

Two alternative devices for performing the Invention according method are in claims 18 and 19 described.

Can open small amounts of cathode ray tubes a device should be sufficient and appropriate as it Claim 44 indicates. Such a solution has the advantage their mobility the advantage that they are relatively low Cost can be produced.

To on during the linear heat the relevant wall area of the cathode ray tube the best possible placement of the filament on the wall of the The device is to ensure cathode ray tubes trained according to the proposal of claim 20. A solution to this is possible and expedient, as it is Claim 21 indicates. The storage of the Glow wire serving sleeves according to claim 22 made of electrical insulating material, such as porcelain.

The aforementioned good attachment of the filament to the relevant wall area of the cathode ray tube occurs contrary if the device according to claim 23  a deflection of the sleeves holding the filament around corresponding axes enabled.

Another way to give the glow wire compliant and under a certain tension and otherwise essentially the same moderately on the relevant wall area of the cathode ray Letting the tube rest is proposed in claim 24.

In terms of size and weight, but also for The purpose of a rational way of working is with or equipped with several filaments or tubular heaters Device according to a handling device with suction cups Claim 25 assigned. This enables - with one Construction offering adequate degrees of freedom - all for the Transport of the cathode ray tube and its relative movements movements necessary for the glow wire or tubular heating element.

In a preferred further embodiment of the handling device device according to claim 25, this is according to claim 26 procure that the cathode ray tube on the outside of the Fluorescent screen hanging against the glow wire or else is movable against the tubular heater.

To use the cathode ray tube in successive steps Parts of the intended for the intended cracking Wall area in contact with the filament or else The device is able to bring with the tubular heater or the handling device with the suction cups expedient trained according to the proposal of claim 27.

So that the device to the dimensions different Cathode ray tubes for the purpose of optimal adjustment of Cathode ray tube and filament or tubular heater other can be adapted, is according to claim 28 of the stop arm with the suction cups height adjustable on a stand stored. For the purpose of interacting with neighboring Machining stations, the stand is appropriate according to  Claim 29 mounted horizontally on a crossbar.

According to the proposal of claim 30 are Swiveling the suction cups around a common swivel axis on Arm drive means stored.

Around a cathode ray tube both in a position with about vertical alignment of their central axis as well with about Machining the horizontal alignment of its central axis and / or To be able to transport, is according to claim 31 The possibility of moving the cathode ray tube the suction cups suggested. Beyond that special Refinements of this solution are given in claims 32 and 33 on, these configurations in particular on the - in addition the presence of a horizontally arranged filament - additional arrangement of one in an approximately vertical plane tubular radiator for the Opening of cathode ray tubes in the area of the tube base is advantageous.

The various, convenient ways of moving the Elements holding cathode ray tubes directly, preferred So the suction cups mentioned are in accordance with the proposal according to claim 34 in a single, these degrees of freedom for the Movement unifying support element summarized.

Advantageous additions to the device according to the invention in With regard to an overall rational reprocessing process for cathode ray tubes are in claims 35 to 43 and 45 described, which in this respect explain themselves and their Herewith expressly also the content of the present Description is made.

The one alternative of the device according to the invention used glow wire preferably consists of according to claim 46 one known per se for electrical resistance heating wires Material, e.g. B. a steel / tungsten / manganese alloy, so that  Long service life of such a filament can be expected can. Such a filament preferably has one Diameter according to claim 47.

Finally, the invention also relates to an electric scarf device arrangement for operating the device according to the invention according to the proposal of claim 48. It has shown that with this solution on the one hand the desired success - namely that which arises in a controlled manner at the specified point Cracking in the glass of the cathode ray tube - satisfactory is attainable and that on the other hand that with a supplement according to claim 49 graded energy supply to Filament the service life of the filament and also the Energy savings benefit.

The method or methods according to the invention can accordingly the proposal according to claim 50 in principle also in the Refurbishment and / or disposal of fluorescent lamps be applied.

Explanation of the invention using an exemplary embodiment

A device according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 of the drawing.

Show it

Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention in front view and is limited to the first three processing stations of six processing stations,

Fig. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in a front view and is restricted to the last three processing stations of the six processing stations,

Fig. 3 in Fig. 1 of the apparatus part shown in the plan view,

Fig. 4 in Fig. 2 of the apparatus part shown in the plan view,

Fig. 5, the first machining station in front view and in a larger scale, with hanging held kinescope

Fig. 6, the first processing station in the side view and in larger scale, with hanging held kinescope

Fig. 7, the first processing station in the side view and in larger scale, with the side holding the cathode ray tube,

Fig. 8 shows a detail from the representation in Fig. 5, with a seat for one end of a filament,

Fig. 9 is an electrical circuit arrangement for operating a device according to the invention, and

Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining the function of the circuit arrangement mentioned.

Figs. 1 and 2 show an apparatus according to the invention containing reconditioning facility, the processing stations of machining is 1 to 6. The processing station 1 is used to open a cathode ray tube, the processing station 2 is used to knock off the tube neck of a cathode ray tube to be processed and, if necessary, to vent it separately, the processing station 3 is a storage and transfer station for troughs separated from the rest of a cathode ray tube, the processing station 4 is used the washing off of the luminescent layer and other coverings from screen troughs, the processing station 5 serves to deposit screen troughs of cathode ray tubes which have been freed from the luminescent material and their conveyance into the processing station 6 , in which the screen troughs of cathode ray tubes are finally shattered.

The processing stations 1 to 5 are connected via a common, on the opposite side of the operating side, horizontal traverse 7 to the extent that the handling devices 8 and 9 provided for the handling of cathode ray tubes or shielding tubs between the processing stations 1 to 3 or 3 to 5 can be moved back and forth. This can be done on the crossbar 7 located guide rods on which z. B. ball bushings, which are located at the lower end 10 (see FIG. 6) of a stand 11 of the handling device 8 or a stand 12 of the handling device 9 .

Laterally projecting holding arms 13 and 14 , which serve to receive and convey a cathode ray tube 15 and a shielding tub 16, are guided on the stand 11 so as to be movable in the vertical direction.

The holding arm 13 or 14 of the handling device 8 or 9 is also mounted horizontally displaceably on the stand 11 or 13 . At one end, designated 17 , the holding arm 13 of the handling device 8 has four suction cups 19 to 22 , while the holding arm 14 of the handling device 19 has only a single suction cup 23 at the end 18 .

The handling devices 8 and 9 have their horizon tal movement on the cross member 7 , for the vertical movement of the holding arms 13 and 14 on the stand 11 and 12 and the horizontal movement of the holding arms 13 and 14 relative to the stand 11 and 12 unspecified Drives, preferably compressed air drives (piston-cylinder arrangements). These actuators are of the cross member 7 opposite Bedie nerseite the processing plant or the processing stations by an operator controllable.

While Figs. 1 to 6 show a situation in which the suction cups 19 to 22 of the handling device 8 for hanging show the holding of a cathode ray tube 15 is set, FIG. 7, the suction cups 19 to 22 in a relation to the position in FIGS. 1 to 6 pivoted by 90 ° position, so that a cathode ray tube 15 in this setting of the swiveling about a corresponding horizontal axis suction cups 19 to 22 laterally - but also on the fluorescent screen - is held and in this way when moving the holding arm 13 in its longitudinal direction parallel to Central axis of the cathode ray tube 15 can be moved.

The processing station 1 essentially consists of a frame 24 , in the upper inner region of which the end 17 of the holding arm 13 carrying the suction cups 19 to 22 extends or can be inserted, and in which an electric glow wire 25 is held between bearings 26 and 27 . The bearings 26 , 27 are attached to the lower end of a support 28 and 29 , the upper end of which is attached to parts of the frame 24 .

The glow wire 25 is attached to facilitate the work of the operator at eye level with a certain short distance of, for example, 100 mm behind the transparent front wall 72 of the housing 47 of the processing station 1 , so that it is easy for the operator to handle the handling device tung 8 so as to maneuver, that the filament 25 as close as possible - but at a certain distance from the latter and expediently on the screen trough 16 side facing away from the glue line - which is at an optional adhesive seam 73 to be opened CRT 15th Thus, it is easy for the operator to place the expected crack formation in the glass of the cathode ray tube closely adjacent to the adhesive seam of a cathode ray tube separating the components from different types of glass, so that the best possible separation of the glass types is possible without any particular difficulties.

The glow wire 25 is held at its ends 30 and 31 by means of an electrically conductive clamping connection of metallic bolts 32 and 33 , which each lead in an electrically insulating sleeve 34 , for example made of ceramic or porcelain (see FIG. 8), which is in turn held stationary in a clamp bearing 35 .

The end of the bolt 32 facing away from the glow wire 25 has a thread 36 on which a corresponding knurled screw or the like 37 can be adjusted. A compression spring 39 is provided between the knurled screw 37 and the end 38 of the sleeve 34 and the clamping bearing 35 facing the knurled screw 37 . For insulation reasons, an insulating washer 40 is mounted on the bolt 32 between the end 38 of the clamp bearing 35 and the adjacent end of the compression spring 39 . At the end of the bolt 32 opposite the glow wire 25 , the latter carries an electrical connection, for example in the form of a cable lug 41, for connecting the one pole of the power supply to the glow wire 25 . - What has been said above preferably applies mutatis mutandis to the storage of the other end of the filament 25th

The fixed verklemmbare with the sleeve 34 by means of screws 42, 43 clamp bearing 35 has a in the representation of FIG. 8 upwardly directed bearing pin 44 which secured about its vertical axis 45 rotatably or pivotably and moreover against axial movement in a bearing bush 46 leads. The bearing bush 46 is attached to the inside of the housing 47 of the machining station 1 facing the end of the bearing 26 and 27 , respectively.

Above the filament 25 in the interior of the housing 47 is also a stiff, curved and in its Formge at least approximately the relevant wall profile of the tube bulb of a cathode ray tube adapted electric tubular heater 75 attached to the frame 24 . The tubular heating element 75 lies in an approximately vertical plane.

In the following, the function of the processing station 1 will now be described in connection with the opening of a cathode ray tube.

A freed by knocking off the tube neck from the electron beam system and thus at the latest then inevitably also vented cathode ray tube 15 is suspended from the suction cups 19 to 22 by appropriate actuation of the drives for the holding arm 13 and, if appropriate, the stand 11 of the handling device 8 initially with a first wall area 49 pressed against the glow wire 25 held under a certain mechanical tension and held in this state over a predetermined period of time. During this period of time electrical energy is supplied to the filament, approximately to the extent that the filament has a temperature in the order of about 800 ° C (so appears about bright red). Depending on the position of the relevant wall area 49 of the cathode ray tube 15 relative to the bearings 26 and 27 of the glow wire 25 , the glow wire 25 will - in adaptation to the course of the wall area 49 - deflect more or less far in an approximately horizontal plane, wherein the journals 44 in the bushings 46 correspondingly rotate in a compensating manner and the bolts 32 and 33 in the sleeves 34 move in a correspondingly balancing manner against the force of the compression springs 39 axially.

Then the cathode ray tube 15 is briefly withdrawn from the glow wire 25 and immediately thereafter pressed for a likewise predetermined period of time with a wall area 50 adjoining the wall area 49 in the same way against the glow wire 25 . This process is then repeated for the wall areas 51 and 52 that follow in the case of approximately rectangular picture tubes.

It has been shown that the above-described, short-term and linear action of a sufficient thermal output, which preferably decreases at the end of the exposure period, results in a crack in the relevant wall areas after a few seconds, the crack taking place under the condition of correct positioning the cathode ray tube finally passes continuously over the wall regions 49 to 52 and thereafter the part 53 of the picture tube, which is held by the suction cups 19 to 22 and in the case of a color picture tube glued together from the screen pan 16 and tube bulb 65 , essentially forms the screen pan from the rest either separates the former tube bulb 65 forming part 54 of the picture tube by itself or can be easily separated.

While designated substantially the tube piston 65 forming part 54 in an unspecified, the processing station falls 1 collecting container located in the lower part of the frame 24, the screen trough 16 forming or containing part 15 is (here assumed to be the color picture tube) 53 of the cathode ray tube comprising With the help of the handling device 8 to the processing station 3 , which only has the function of a storage and transfer station, transported and stored there on a table 55 . Then the handling device 8 - guided on the traverse 7 - in the direction of the processing station 2 to back so that there is another, by knocking off the tube neck 56 by means of a swiveling in the machining station 2 striking tool 57 freed from the metal parts of the electron beam system and vented cathode ray tube 15 or its remaining remainder can then be transported to the processing station 1 with the aid of the handling device 8 and can also be separated there as described above.

The part 53 of the cathode ray tube 15 deposited on the table 55 of the processing station 3 is picked up by means of the handling device 9 via the suction cup 23 and transported to the processing station 4 hanging thereon. - At the suction cup 23 carrying end of the holding arm 14 of the handling device 9 is above the suction cup 23, a cover 58 , the extent of which corresponds in the horizontal direction approximately to the size of an opening 59 which is provided in the upper region of a washing container 60 . In the washing tank 60 , a nozzle arrangement 61 is provided, which is connected to a high-pressure water source (not shown in more detail) and can be switched on from the operator's side. The nozzle arrangement 61 is pivotally mounted about an approximately horizontal axis 62 in the washing container 60 . This makes it possible, in combination with a rotary drive 63 for the suction cup 23, to achieve any point on the inside of the screen trough 16 or the part 53 with high-pressure water emitted by the nozzle or nozzles - or also a washing solution containing, for example, alcohol, so that complete It is possible to wash off or rinse off the covering located on the inside of the screen trough 16 or of the part 53 .

The washing water used in the processing station 4 , delivered by the nozzle arrangement 61 and thus also coming back from the screen trough 16 to be cleaned or the part 53, or the washing solution used, reaches a collecting channel 64 and is from here via a not shown, a filter device for the constituents of linings containing a closed circuit with a high-pressure feed pump is conveyed back to the nozzle arrangement 61 .

After washing or rinsing of the covering from the inside of the screen trough and a certain, if necessary still subsequent small wall part of the tube bulb 65 , the screen trough 16 or part 53 is moved by means of the handling device 9 via a roller conveyor 66 and placed on it. The screen tray 16 or the part 53 placed on the roller conveyor 66 is then displaceable in the interior 68 of the processing station 6 on a grid-like, rigid support bearing 69 in there, by means of a sliding element 67 mounted in or on the processing station 4 in the longitudinal direction of the roller conveyor 66 pushed a predetermined position. Thereafter, a far as to the Bearbeitungssta tion 6 vertically displaceably mounted stamp plate 70 with a plurality of corresponding to the mutual arrangement of the openings not shown in detail of the support bearing 69 on the underside of the punch plate 70 mounted stamping 71 in the direction of the support bearing 69 - preferably with the support of a hydraulic drive - moved until the screen pan 16 or the part 53 is smashed by the action of the suitably hardened and suitably shaped stamp 71 at its free ends. The glass shards that form in this case fall into a collecting container, not shown, under the support bearing 69 and can be supplied for reuse.

Fig. 7 shows a cathode ray tube 74 , the suction cups 19 to 22 pivoted by an angle of approximately 90 ° about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the holding arm 13 with its wall area 76 adjacent to the (now knocked off) tube base (as well as the Cathode ray tube 15 in cooperation with the glow wire 25 ) over a predetermined period of time with a predetermined pressure against one - but here not as in the case of the glow wire 25 compliant, but in itself stiff, electric tubular heater body 75 is pressed. The linear, metered heat contact, possibly associated with a continuous or intermittent certain twisting of the cathode ray tube 74 about its central axis 77 , as well as in the case of the cathode ray tube 15 shown in FIGS . 1 to 6 and 8, in cooperation with the filament 25 a corresponding crack formation in the glass of the tube, but here in the glass of the tube bulb 78 . The size of the opening can be of the order of about 10 to 20 cm in diameter, depending on the cathode ray tube. This opening method is particularly suitable for cathode ray tubes with a uniform vitreous body, that is to say in particular black and white television picture tubes and other monochrome picture tubes. This is because with such picture tubes the phosphor used to produce the covering for the fluorescent screen is often applied more or less far beyond the actual screen area to subsequent side wall areas of the tube bulb - unintentionally and due to the manufacturing process - and accordingly also with this opening method the phosphor portions on the side walls mentioned can then be washed off or detached with a correspondingly modified nozzle arrangement).

If an opening of a cathode ray tube inside of a localized area of the tube bulb Lich is possible, the device according to the invention preferably applied such that the opening of the cathodes beam tube is made so that the relevant one for the Rißbil wall area provided approximately in a to the central axis the plane perpendicular to the cathode ray tube. In case of from interconnected (glued) components (screen trough / tube bulb), as is the case with color picture tubes, the device is preferably used such that the mentioned crack formation in the vicinity of the adhesive seam and thus approximately runs parallel to this.

Fig. 9 shows an electrical circuit arrangement for the operation of the device according to the invention supplying the filament 25 with electrical energy, as is necessary for the formation of an applied heat for the intended cracking on the cathode ray tube. - The glow wire 25 is via switching means 79 (z. B. in the form of a so-called "self-programmable controller" - PLC) with one or the other of two, different voltage potential compared to a base connection 80 having connections 81 , 82 of the secondary winding 83rd a transformer 84 connected or connectable. In this case, the filament can be connected, for example, to an AC voltage of approximately 21 volts in one case and to approximately 14 volts in the other case. - The primary winding of the transformer 84 , designated 85 , can be connected to an AC power supply 86 .

Fig. 10 shows a diagram for explaining a preferred mode of operation in connection with the energy supply to the glow wire 25th Thereafter, for a period of for example 2 seconds, the glow wire 25 is supplied with a current of the order of about 190 amperes at a voltage of, for example, about 21 volts; Over a period immediately following this, for example 10 seconds, the filament 25 is then supplied with less energy in the time unit, for example a current of the order of about 120 amperes at a voltage of, for example, about 14 volts. - This way of heating and further heating the filament - and thus the corresponding heat effect on the glass of the cathode ray tube - is repeated for each of the four sides of the mostly near or more rectangular cathode ray tubes near the fluorescent screen.

In one embodiment of a device according to the invention tion showed that - taking into account an overall economic operation with relatively little wear or Glow wire consumption - a cons used as glow wire auxiliary heating wire from one for such resistance heating wires known material composition to the desired Success leads to a diameter of the order of approx. 3.0 to 4.0 mm and elec thermal energy to a temperature of approx. 800 ° C (light red) brought. This has - as already stated above indicates - as expedient, during the concern of the filament on the cathode ray tube to make the glow wire in such a way that first for one first period of, for example, 2 s a larger electrical Power of, for example, 4 kW on the glow wire is given, and that thereafter for a second Period of 10 s, for example, a lower output of for example, 1.7 kW is given to the filament.

Claims (50)

1. A method for opening cathode ray tubes and the like. For the purpose of working up their material components, characterized in that a narrow, linearly extended and approximately annularly extending wall area of the wall of the cathode ray tube located between the boundary edge of the fluorescent screen and the tube base over a period of time and is heated at least over most of its length, so that as a result of the resulting internal stresses in the glass of the cathode ray tube in the wall area in question, the part containing the luminescent screen detaches from the remaining part of the wall by cracking. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relevant wall area approximately in a to the central axis of the The cathode ray tube runs perpendicular plane. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Cathode ray tubes with a single glass body existing fluorescent screen and tube bulb near the Tube base or neck, with cathode ray tubes with a fluorescent screen with a round fluorescent screen surface deviating, in particular approximately rectangular fluorescent screen area, in an area with preferably at least still approximately round cross-section of the tube bulb opened become. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Cathode ray tubes with a shielding tub and a tube bulb  existing tub / piston combination near the Connection seam of the screen trough and the tube bulb opened preferably on the side of the tube bulb. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative wall area of the cathode ray tube relative against at least the course of the wall area approximately adapted or adaptable, linear extended radiator is pressed. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the relevant wall area in successive steps each heated over a portion of its entire length becomes. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relevant wall area of the cathode ray tube Exposure to one or more heating flames. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the Heating flame or the heating flame in the direction of the longitudinal expansion of the wall area in question relative to this be moved. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Affect the cathode ray tube before starting to warm up the wall area is ventilated. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before heating the wall area concerned Tube base is knocked off. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the heating of the wall area in question the cathode ray tube or the rest thereof on Luminous screen is kept hanging.   12. A method for removing deposits, in particular fluorescent materials, from inner surfaces, in particular screen surfaces, from cathode ray tubes and the like, characterized in that

• a) that initially a narrow, linearly extended and approximately ring-shaped wall area extending between the boundary edge of the screen and the tube base wall of the cathode ray tube is heated over a period of time and at least over most of its length, so that as a result of this resulting internal stresses of the glass of the cathode ray tube in the wall area in question releases the part containing the fluorescent screen from the remaining part of the wall by cracking;
• b) and that then the coverings or the phosphor by means of physical forces, in particular by using pressurized liquid solvent medium, for example a water-alcohol solution, from the inner surfaces, in particular the fluorescent screen, the cathode ray tube are solved.

13. A method for working up the material components of cathode ray tubes and the like, characterized in that

• a) that initially a narrow, linearly extended and approximately ring-shaped wall area extending between the boundary edge of the screen and the tube base wall of the cathode ray tube is heated over a period of time and at least over most of its length, so that as a result of this resulting internal stresses of the glass of the cathode ray tube in the wall area in question releases the part containing the fluorescent screen from the remaining part of the wall by cracking,
• b) the coverings or the phosphor are then released from the inner surfaces, in particular the fluorescent screen, of the cathode ray tube by using physical forces, in particular by using pressurized liquid solvents, for example a water-alcohol solution,
• c) that the deposits detached from the inner surfaces of the cathode ray tube are filtered out of the solvent,
• d) and that the glass parts of the cathode ray tube are collected.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the glass parts sorted according to glass types, smashed if necessary become. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that in Case of Katho made of different types of glass ray tubes such as, in particular, color picture tubes, the opening the cathode ray tube near the adhesive seam between Umbrella pan and tube bulb is made so that the glass of the screen tubs on the one hand and the tube bulb on the other hand can be collected separately. 16. Application of an electrical resistance heating wire for Opening cathode ray tubes. 17. Method of operating an electrical Resistance heating wire according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that the resistance heating wire via a first, shorter period, greater electrical power and a second, lower electrical output for a longer period of time is fed.   18. An apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a in a frame ( 24 ) held NEN, connectable to an electrical power supply electrical filament ( 25 ) with said wall area ( 49 to 52 ) of the cathode ray tube ( 15 ) in linear heat contact can be brought. 19. The apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a in a frame ( 24 ), connectable to an electrical power supply, inherently rigid, electric tubular heater ( 75 ) with the relevant wall area ( 76 ) of the cathode ray tube ( 74 ) can be brought into linear heat contact. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the filament ( 25 ) is resiliently held in the longitudinal direction. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the ends of the filament ( 25 ) in sleeves ( 34 ) are mounted displaceably against spring force. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the sleeves ( 34 ) consist of an electrically insulating material, in particular a ceramic material or porcelain. 23. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the sleeves ( 34 ) are pivotally mounted about an axis perpendicular to the intended deflection plane of the filament ( 25 ) in the frame ( 24 ). 24. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the filament ( 25 ) is held at least at one end on a rotatably mounted supply roll for the filament under mechanical tension. 25. The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the filament ( 25 ) or tubular heater ( 75 ) is assigned a handling device ( 8 ) for a cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ) with one or more suction cups or the like. ( 19 to 22 ) for holding the cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ) on the outside of the screen. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the handling device ( 8 ) with the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) is such that the cathode ray tube ( 15 ) hanging on the outside of the screen against the glow wire ( 25 ) is movable. 27. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) about a transverse to the intended deflection plane of the filament ( 25 ) or transverse to the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube, common pivot axis are pivotally mounted on a holding arm ( 13 ). 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the holding arm ( 13 ) with the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) is vertically adjustable on a stand ( 11 ). 29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the stand ( 11 ) is horizontally displaceably mounted on a cross member ( 7 ). 30. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that drive means are mounted on the holding arm ( 13 ) for pivoting the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) about a common pivot axis. 31. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) are pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis on the holding arm ( 13 ). 32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) about a longitudinal extension of the holding arm ( 13 ) transverse first horizontal axis are pivotally mounted at the end ( 17 ). 33. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) about a second, to the longitudinal expansion of the holding arm ( 13 ) parallel axis are pivotally mounted on the holding arm ( 13 ). 34. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the suction cups ( 19 to 22 ) are mounted on a common carrier element (cross member 7 , stand 11 and holding arm 13 ) having several degrees of freedom. 35. Device according to one or more of claims 18 to 34, characterized in that the frame ( 24 ) containing the glow wire ( 25 ) and / or the tubular heating element ( 75 ) has a processing station ( 2 ) for knocking off the tube base of the cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ) is assigned. 36. Device according to one or more of claims 18 to 35, characterized in that a processing station ( 3 ) for storing and transferring open cathode ray tubes ( 15 or 74 ) or of their screen troughs ( 16 ) is provided, preferably with another Handling device ( 9 ) for the cathode ray tubes ( 15 and 74 ), with holding arm ( 14 ), stand ( 12 ) and crossbar ( 7 ) as well as one or more suction cups ( 23 ) for hanging transport of the screen tray ( 16 ) or in the Open the cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ) near the tube base. 37. Device according to one or more of claims 18 to 36, characterized in that a processing station ( 4 ) for washing screen troughs ( 16 ) or open cathode ray tubes ( 74 ) and for filtering the dispensed by high pressure water or washing solution and in a closed filter circuit of water or the washing solution is provided. 38. Device according to one or more of claims 18 to 37, characterized in that a processing station ( 6 ) for smashing the cleaned screen troughs ( 16 ) or open cathode ray tubes ( 74 ) is provided. 39. Device according to one or more of claims 18 to 38, characterized in that the processing stations ( 1 to 5 or 6 ), a single crossmember ( 7 ) for the movement of the handling device ( 8 ) or the hand handling devices ( 8 and 9 ) is provided. 40. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that in the processing station ( 2 ) a partially adapted or adaptable support for the cathode-ray tubes ( 15 and 74 ) is provided to the wall profile of the opposing, inclined wall of the fluorescent screen. 41. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that an impact tool ( 57 ) which is pivotably mounted in the processing station ( 2 ) is provided for knocking off the tube base of a cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ). 42. Apparatus according to claim 37, characterized in that a, together with the handling device ( 9 ) for the screen trough ( 16 ) of the cathode ray tube ( 15 or 74 ) movable, preferably transparent cover ( 58 ) for the opening ( 59 ) above Processing station ( 4 ) is provided. 43. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that for smashing cleaned screen troughs ( 16 ) of cathode ray tubes ( 15 and 74 ) a plurality of distributed over a surface, on a common support (stamp plate 70 ) attached stamps ( 71 ) are provided which is assigned a grid-like support bearing ( 69 ) for the screen trough ( 16 ). 44. Apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, characterized records that the frame is mobile and manageable Tool is formed. 45. Apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that a plurality of filaments ( 25 ) or tubular heater ( 75 ) are provided spatially offset in the frame. 46. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the glow wire ( 25 ) consists of material known per se for electrical resistance heating wire. 47. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the glow wire ( 25 ) has a diameter in the order of approximately 3 to 4 mm. 48. Circuit arrangement for operating the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the glow wire ( 25 ) via electrical switching means ( 79 ) each with one of several, different voltage potential connections ( 80 , 81 or 80 , 82 ) of the secondary winding or - Windings ( 83 ) of a transformer ( 84 ) is connected, the primary winding ( 85 ) can be connected to an electrical AC power supply ( 86 ). 49. Circuit arrangement according to claim 48, characterized by provided in the circuit of the glow wire ( 25 ), by adjusting means ( 86 , 87 ) programmable switching means ( 79 ) for connecting the glow wire ( 25 ) for predetermined periods of time to one or the or the other, different voltage potential connections ( 80 , 81 or 80 , 82 ) of the transformer ( 84 ). 50. Application of the method according to one or more of the Claims 1 to 15 on fluorescent lamps such. B. rod and pear shaped gas discharge lamps.