DE4128170A1 - Ground seepage seal - is a layer of thin and supple clay plates covered with topsoil and planted to prevent erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

To seal ground from seepage by hazardous fluids, such as in sewage paths and catch basins or highway fluid traps, soft layers of clay are laid on the ground after they have had air removed from them, to be shaped into thin and supple clay plates (2). The plates (2) cling to the ground without being stamped into place. Pref. sepg. layer (3) is applied to the clay layer, before the covering layer (4) is fitted. A protective layer (5) against erosion is laid over the cover layer (4), together with plants. The clay plates (2) butt against each other, with clay strips (6) over the joints, or the plates (2) are laid with overlapping edges. The clay joint sealing strips (6) and the overlapping plate edges are wetted before laying, by water. The covering layer (4) is of earth, pref. with sand and/or gravel topsoil, pref. planted with grass (5). The sepg. layer is pref. a non-rotting woven material. The clay plates have a thickness of several cm, pref. about 2.5 cm, with a covering layer (4) thickness of several tens of cm, and pref. 10-30 cm. The clay plates (2) are rectangular of about 1 m2 and pref. 80 x 120 cm. ADVANTAGE - The ground is effectively and simply sealed against seepage, using natural materials and without environmental damage.

Description

The invention relates to a method for sealing the floor against infiltration of pollutants, according to the preamble of claim ches 1, a floor covering created by such a method according to the preamble of claim 8 and a device for Production of clay plates according to the preamble of claim 17, which are used in the method and floor covering of the invention be det.

To seal the floor against the infiltration of pollutants different measures are used today: wastewater drains and Collecting basins from highways or landfills are replaced by a Concrete layer sealed to the floor. Aside from the fact that a concrete ceiling is extremely complex, has such a concrete also cover the disadvantage that it can crack if it breaks such as the floor below it or another horizontal or vertical shift occurs. The elaborate concrete ceiling is then no longer tight. The same applies to layers containing bitumen, which in turn initially separate oil and thus a source of possible groundwater impairment.

Attempts have also been made to use natural clay layers stomped to mimic goal dumps, such as at trenches in Was protection zones, but these layers of clay proved to be part wise permeable, probably due to the porosity of the clay used. In addition, a very large amount of clay is required to be particularly  to form a layer on an uneven surface where ne certain minimum thickness is guaranteed.

Plastic foils were also used, for example in ponds and sewage treatment plants or to seal landfills, but with such foils there is Risk of damage during construction, damage as a result from ground shifting or as a result of rotting, since all art materials are subject to temporary decomposition.

To avoid these disadvantages and in particular the application to simplify a ground cover has already been proposed For pond floors, brick-like cover elements made of still soft To use clay, the edges of which are stepped so that they cover each other. These cover elements must be seamless on one as flat as possible and then carefully be pounded. The same problems arise as when pounding a heaped-up clay cover. Form local displacements due to ground offset, then can do not follow the pounded clay layer, but tear or breaks.

In addition, the pond water is probably necessary to the clay layer always keep moist.

Based on this prior art, the invention provides Method and a floor covering, while maintaining the To nes, which is an inexpensive, natural and therefore environmentally friendly ches material forms a durable in a particularly simple manner and permanent sealing of the floor against the ingress of liquid pollutants is reached.

Furthermore, the invention provides a device for simple and knockout most cost-effective production of the main component of this floor covering or to carry out this procedure.  

These objectives are achieved with the features of claims 1, 8 and 17 enough.

The basic principle of the invention is that on the floor Layer of mat-like, flexible and supple clay plates brought. The tone of these records is still wet and is like that compresses or vented that it is completely non-porous and therefore flows is impermeable to liquids.

It is essential here that the material thickness of these plates is small - on the order of a few centimeters - that the plates still have a good flexibility and thus adhere to adjust the surface closely, even if it is not quite level should.

In contrast to applying a stamped clay layer or also The clay plates according to the invention must therefore have a bitumen layer layer does not have a thickness which corresponds to the extent of the surface flatness at least exceeds, but the flexible clay plates adapt to the surface, using only larger stone chunks must be avoided, otherwise the clay plates perforie Could be.

While in the generic method, the brick-like Ab Cover elements seamlessly on a carefully smoothed surface to a certain extent have to be laid like a parquet, for which he considerable skill is required, the thin in the invention or pliable sheets like mats spread out or rolled out be, where they simply nestle on uneven floors.

The clay plate layer is covered with a layer of earth that consists of is sufficiently thick and may also be planted to verver the thin clay plate layer dries out casually and permanently to prevent.  

The clay plate layer is preferred before the earth is applied layer covered with a fabric layer that prevents the Earth layer connects with the clay plate layer and its Tightness impaired.

Because the clay plate layer is very thin and always stays moist, it follows all dislocations and ground movements like a flexible one Foil, but without rotting at some point.

Otherwise, the clay plate layer, because it has no pores, completely dense despite its small thickness.

The clay plates can be made in many ways, who but according to the invention from an extruded tube or Pipe cut that length when leaving the extrusion die after sliced and spread out and subsequently to lengths cut is cut. The use of an extrusion press ge ensures the greatest possible density, freedom from pores and homogeneity of the clay forming the plates and thus reliably sealing them effect.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the further claims.

The object of the invention is based on the attached, schematic rule drawing, for example, explained in more detail; in this shows:

Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of a sewage ditch, which is provided with a bottom cover according to the invention through the soil,

Fig. 2 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1, wherein a oth er embodiment of a floor covering according to the invention is shown,

Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned side view of an inventive extrusion die, and

Fig. 4 is a plan view of an extrusion die according to the invention.

To create a sewage ditch or temporary storage basin for occasionally occurring, possibly contaminated surface water, but also liquid pollutants released in the event of an accident, especially in a water catchment area, soil 1 is first removed, namely by about 10 to 35 cm deeper than later the bottom of the trench or basin should run.

On the exposed, cleaned of coarse stones and unevenness, mat-like plates 2 made of pressed, vented and non-porous, moist clay are placed after their plastic packaging has been prevented from drying out.

The plate size is preferably about 2.5 x 80 x 120 cm. When covering larger areas, the clay mat can also be used as a roll for example 2.5 cm thick and 90 cm wide and delivered with a suitable unwinding and laying device, with a contact layer wound with the sticking together of the individual layers prevented.

When laying, there are basically two sealing options shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:

According to FIG. 1, the individual clay plates 2 are adapted to abut next to one another, wherein the butt joint at quite local Bodenuneben units sometimes even a width of up to a few tern centime have.

A clay strip 6 made of the same material as the clay plates 2 is placed on the butt joints.

The clay strips 6 preferably have a length which corresponds to the one before the longer edge length of the clay plates 2 . Here adjoining clay strips 6 are superimposed so that they overlap. Four strips can overlap at the corners. However, for the reasons discussed below, a regular laying pattern should also be sought for the strips.

But it is also possible, as shown in Fig. 2, to lay the clay plates so that they overlap each other like fish scales with the neighboring edges 7 , preferably over an edge width of about 10 cm.

The superimposed clay surfaces are covered with What moistened well and then, if necessary, still be pressed with a hand roller.

It is advantageous that a local absence of the clay strip 6 or a faulty covering of the edges 7 immediately after the completion of the laying work for the door panels is noticed as a clear irregularity in the laying pattern, as well as the local omission of any pressing of the door strip 6 or the edges 7 , So that a simple control of the work is possible and leaks due to improper laying can be excluded.

Since the clay plates 2 are plastic, they nestle against the underlying ground surface, so that there is no local bridging and possibly resulting breakages or leaks. At the same time, the layer thickness is almost the same everywhere despite any unevenness in the floor, so that a very thin layer, that is to say only a small amount of construction work, can be used.

For the rest, the degree of moisture of the clay plates is set so  that they can be walked on despite their suppleness, so not when Enter can be easily pierced with the foot. Here At the clay plates can in the porcelain industry as "leather hard "just reached the state in which she was still are flexible.

A water-permeable, rot-free fabric 3 is placed on the clay layer 2 thus produced, which has such a smooth surface or is so free of folds, seams and knots that it cannot be pressed through the clay layer 2 locally.

Also, the mesh size of the fabric 3 must be such that it prevents the material of the earth layer 4 to be applied over it from being incorporated into the clay layer 2 when it is applied and firmly shaken, or later to enforce this clay layer 2 and thus to make it permeable.

In addition, the fabric layer 3 can be designed so that it serves as a root barrier to prevent deep-reaching plants from rooting the clay layer 2 .

A top soil containing sand or gravel has proven to be particularly suitable for the earth layer 4 , which can preferably be obtained at the construction site itself by sieving the previously removed soil. If there is a stony subsoil, such a ge seventh topsoil, which consists of sand and fine gravel, or other sand or gravel can also be used to level the soil surface before the application of the clay plates 2 . In any case, stones should be avoided, which could damage the clay layer 2 .

The thickness of the earth layer can be between 10 cm and 30 cm; its surface is preferably provided with a dense, short-rooted vegetation 5 , for example grass. This growth together with the soil layer 4 ensures that the clay layer 2 does not dry out; the thickness of the layer of earth also depends on its water storage capacity and local weather conditions.

The planting also has the important purpose of avoiding any erosion of the earth layer 4 .

Since the drying of the completely air- and pore-free clay layer 2 is prevented or its moisture content regulates itself, the clay layer 2 is always elastic and is therefore able to follow and compensate for ground movements instead of breaking or cracking.

How successful the sealing of such a very thin one Clay layer compared to the usual, predominantly trans on roads ported liquids, the following test series shows.

Here 22 mm thick plates were pressed and thus vented a series of liquids for 170 hours exposed. Subsequently, the plates were broken, and the on penetration depth recognizable at the breaking point was determined. This lay in any case in the size of the surface roughness, so that one can assume that the clay layer compared to this liquid and given the short residence time of these liquids, that can be released in a traffic accident, practically completely is tight.

In Fig. 3 a part of a preferred device for the produc- tion of the above-mentioned clay plates 2 is shown.

An extruder or an extruder is used to manufacture them in which the clay is kneaded so that it compresses and completely vented into the extrusion nozzle. To improve venting can also be done by pre-conditioning the sound or part of the manufacturing process shown here takes place in a vacuum the.

At the outlet of the extrusion press is the ring shown in the drawing nozzle attached, the conveying direction of the sound in the drawing right to left.

The ring nozzle has a pipe socket 8 , which has a flange for attachment to the extrusion press at its machine-side end.

The inside diameter of this pipe socket is almost 30 cm, so that clay plates with a width of 80 to 90 cm are produced can.

In the outlet end of this pipe socket sits coaxially an adjusting cone 9 , which tapers against the conveying direction and whose the mouth of the tube 8 each opposite outer circumference defines the width of an annular gap and thus also the wall thickness of the extruded tube. The adjusting cone 9 has a preferred apex angle of 45 °.

The tube 8 and the cone 9 is penetrated centrally by a threaded spindle 10 , which is held with its machine-side end in a holding star (not shown), which is formed from three radially extending, welded into the tube 8 webs.

At the top of the tube 8 is a welded in the longitudinal direction extending carrier 12 which extends to beyond its Mün extension.

At the free end of the carrier 12 is a radially extending arm 11 is attached, which forms the support of the threaded spindle 10 with its end located centrally to the tube 8 . The arm 11 is designed as a U-bracket, both legs of which are attached to both sides of the support 12 and in the curvature of which an M30 nut is welded.

The adjusting cone 9 is rotatably mounted on the threaded spindle 10 , which is screwed into a thread on the arm 11 . To set the width of the annular gap, the threaded spindle 10 and thus the adjusting cone 9 are more or less rotated relative to the mut t-thread in the arm 11 and then fixed approximately by means of a lock nut.

At a short distance from the mouth of the tube 8 sits on the upper side of a cutting knife 13 which is attached to the support 12 and extends in the radial direction of the tube. The cutting edge of the cutting knife 13 faces the mouth of the tube 8 and has such a radial length that any wall thickness of an extruded clay tube that can be adjusted by the adjusting cone 9 can be fully separated.

In the conveying direction, just behind the separating knife 12 , a deflector 14 sits on the arm 11 , which is formed from two metal sheets that are concave, welded to the outside of the two U-legs of the arm 11 and angled to form a sharp, facing the separating knife 13 and essentially radially extending edges are connected to one another so that they engage like two plowshares in the slot of the clay tube formed by the separating knife 13 and urge the two flanks apart.

The two cut edges of the clay tube, pushed apart, sink in its further promotion due to the low rigidity of the extruded tones down and down on both sides of the central axis the side where the then spread wall of the clay pipe on a pad rests, preferably from a roller mill (not shown) is formed.

If necessary, the tape made of clay can be corrected of unevenness can still be passed through a nip.

The flat tape made of clay is finally cut into sheets that are packed in plastic film, but can also be wound up if necessary. The cutting device is preferably also set up for this purpose or a further cutting device is provided in order to cut clay strips 6 .

The device is preferably in the vicinity of a mining site for Fixed sound, but can also be used with advantage if necessary bil be trained to take advantage of only in the meantime found near a major construction project to be set, or to be used directly at a construction site to be, then prepared clay is delivered so that then the effort for packing the plates can be eliminated.

All in the claims, the description and / or the drawings Individual and combination features shown are invented considered essential.

The scope of the invention extends not only to Characteristics of the individual claims, but also on their combina tion.

The invention is not based on that shown and described Embodiment limited. Rather, this only represents one advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept.

Claims (24)

1. A method for sealing the floor against infiltration of harmful substances by applying cover elements made of soft clay to the floor and by sealing the joints between them, to form a barrier layer, which is then covered with a prevent the surface layer from drying out, characterized in that that the clay is vented before processing to the cover elements and then is formed into these forming, thin, pliable clay plates ( 2 ) which nestle against the floor without being pounded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a separating layer ( 3 ) is placed on the clay layer before the application of the cover layer ( 4 ). 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an erosion-preventing protective layer ( 5 ) is applied to the cover layer ( 4 ). 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the cover layer ( 4 ) is planted to form the protective layer ( 5 ). 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clay plates ( 2 ) are laid on butt, and that narrow clay strips ( 6 ) are placed on the butt joints. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clay plates ( 2 ) with their edges ( 7 ) are laid overlapping each other. 7. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that of the superimposed surfaces of the clay plate edges ( 7 ) or clay strips ( 6 ) at least one is previously moistened with water. 8. Floor cover with a layer of sealed clay composite elements composed of soft clay, which is covered by a cover layer ( 4 ) from a water-storing material, produced by the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the Clay layer consists of a layer of supple, thin clay plates ( 2 ) made of non-porous, deaerated clay. 9. Floor cover according to claim 8, characterized in that the edges ( 7 ) of the adjacent clay plates ( 2 ) overlap each other and are sealingly connected to one another. ( Fig. 2). 10. Floor cover according to claim 8, characterized in that the adjacent edges of adjacent clay plates ( 2 ) and the joint between these are each covered by a clay strip ( 6 ) which is sealingly connected to the edges. ( Fig. 1). 11. Floor covering according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the cover layer ( 4 ) consists of earth, preferably sandi gem and / or gravel-containing topsoil. 12. Floor covering according to claim 11, characterized in that the surface of the cover layer ( 4 ) is preferably planted with grass ( 5 ). 13. Floor covering according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that a separating layer is arranged between the clay plates ( 2 ) and the cover layer ( 4 ), which is preferably formed from a non-rotting tissue. 14. Floor cover according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the thickness of the clay plates ( 2 ) is a few centimeters, preferably about 2.5 cm. 15. Floor cover according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the thickness of the cover layer ( 4 ) is a few ten centimeters, preferably between about 10 and 30 cm. 16. Floor cover according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the clay plates ( 2 ) are rectangular and a Kan tenlänge in the order of about one meter, preferably a size of about 80 × 120 cm. 17. Device for the production of clay plates, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7 and for a floor covering according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized by

• - an extrusion press for compressing, venting and conveying a plastic clay mass,
• an annular nozzle ( 8 , 9 ) attached to the outlet of the extrusion press for pressing out a clay pipe,
• - One of the ring nozzle ( 8 , 9 ) downstream device ( 13 ) for cutting on the clay pipe in its longitudinal direction, and
• - A device for unfolding ( 14 ) and for laying the wall of the cut clay tube.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized by an direction for cutting off length sections of the clay tube or prefers the planned wall. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized by an Direction for airtight packaging of the length sections. 20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the annular nozzle has a tube section ( 8 ), at the outlet end of a coaxial, axially displaceable, opposite to the conveying direction tapered conical body ( 9 ) whose outer circumference to the inner circumference of the Pipe section ( 8 ) forms an annular gap with variable width. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the conical body ( 9 ) on a one to him coaxial, rotatable adjusting spindle ( 10 ) which is mounted on an arm ( 11 ) which is radial in front of the tube section ( 8 ) extends to this and is attached to it outside of the annular gap, and that on the arm ( 11 ) and preferably at a distance from it a gap with its cutting edge facing the ring, fixed separating knife ( 13 ) is attached. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that on the side of the cutting knife ( 13 ) facing away from the annular gap, a Ver displacement body ( 14 ) is preferably arranged on the arm ( 11 ), which is designed to form the cutting edges formed by the cutting knife ( 13 ) apart of the clay tube. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the displacement body ( 14 ) has the shape of two plow plates which intersect each other behind the cutting knife ( 13 ) and deflect the two apart on the cutting edges of the clay pipe. 24. Device according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized records that the device for laying the wall of the Tonroh res rolls for flattening and conveying the wall.