DE4125164A1 - Plant for recovering plastics from scrap - removes large dirt, then disintegrates material, washes it, disintegrates further and washes before drying for reuse in producing film - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for recycling/reusing scrap plastic material, partic. for use in agriculture, produces particles which are suitable for making film. The scrap is disintegrated in a machine which cuts up the material and separates the pieces formed from foreign particles of significant size. The scrap is supplied to a hopper (4) for the disintegrator (2) and for a device to remove larger foreign bodies. If necessary the disintegrator is designed to produce strips of particular size and width. Next a conveyor belt moves (20) the material to a washing station (21) contg. water to a set level. ADVANTAGE - The plant is partic. suitable for handling polyethylene film scrap which has been used in agriculture and which contains up to 50% foreign material such as clay, sand, stones, iron, timber, etc.. The plant can be worked with only one single operator. It has minimal water consumption. The foreign particles are sorted before being removed.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for recycling or Making waste from plastic mate recyclable rial, especially for use in the farmer shaft, the waste material in for film or foils suitable grain is processed.

As is known, the defense of fruit and horticultural plantings against harmful climatic Influences an enormous upswing in recent years thanks to the use of plastic material on it Experienced sector. Among the numerous from the industry delivered products made of plastic material that the various and unequal applications practical experienced in all sectors are currently and flower management the most interesting is the so-called called flexible or flexible films made of polyethylene  and from polyvinyl chloride. The film or the slide out Polyethylene is exceptional in fruit and flower growing Lich advantageous insofar as they change their physical Properties in both low and high Maintain ambient temperatures. For the rest, they are also impermeable to water and water vapor, while facing gases and especially against Oxygen and carbonic acid to different degrees are permeable.

A particularly valuable application of the black film Polyethylene results, for. B. in the technique of Ver packing and treating strawberries or other products fruit management, which enables earlier Get harvests that can be sold at prices which are sometimes three times higher than those of the crops of traditional cultures.

However, the resistance of the Films or films made of polyethylene in a remarkable way because of the oxidation reactions caused by the ultra catalyzed violet rays and by the high tempe be favored. That's why the slide or the film made of polyethylene when used for longer Periods of time directly exposed to the sun, older, it ages, becoming increasingly fragile.  

In such circumstances, it is necessary to Foils or films after more or less long time to replace sections. It brings this fact with it themselves that the orchardist necessarily periodically extremely high amounts of such films or have to buy films that have become unusable Should replace foils, which results in high costs, in addition, there is a need for the high Amounts of polyethylene films or films used have been and become unusable, ver not to dispose of or otherwise.

For the above-mentioned purpose, systems for Recycle and make the waste recyclable Plastic material used by farms come from, created where the waste washed, dried and reused. These Systems generally have a grinding machine, which the waste grinds and at the same time that in the waste well-existing foreign bodies are crushed, whereby the disadvantage is that in the plastic material too the splinters and the remains of the ground foreign bodies are included and in a short time also the grinding organs to be damaged. A wash follows the grinder machine for washing the cut and sliced Waste that is usually just washing  by stirring and moving the existing in a tub Water is running, with little success will. The waste is then dried by through vertical dryers leadership and exhaustion, with the disadvantage that that you have to provide several machines and the work must interrupt the cycle with considerable dead times. Eventually the waste is in the presence of an air stromes dried in several dryers from the bottom loaded and emptied from above and the due to their structure tend to ver say.

For the above and other reasons, they are the systems currently in use here in The type in question is unable to waste To clean and to clean plastic material in such a way wash so that it can be recycled or reused can be, e.g. B. new films or films higher Quality and with an extraordinarily low production to receive the

This is the situation present invention the object of the above to avoid mentioned disadvantages of the known technology. There is an important one in connection with this task The aim of the invention is to plant a system in question here standing type that makes it possible to get out of country  commercial films made of poly ethylene with up to 50% foreign bodies, such as clay, sand, Treat stones iron wood etc. Another important aim of the present invention is to create an installation of the type in question here fen, which is also using a single loading serving - with considerable savings on hand work - enables the waste of all existing Separate foreign objects. Another goal of the present the invention is a system of here in To create the question in question, during which Separating the plastic waste from the Foreign bodies reduce water consumption to a minimum and the foreign bodies to be removed before the removal sorted and selected.

For the above purpose is according to the invention in a system for recycling or reusable make from especially from agriculture Waste from plastic material, the waste in bodies suitable for film or foil formation is riding, provided that this facility at least has a machine for cutting up the waste material, the cutting elements for cutting the pieces and separating organs for separating the cut pieces from foreign body of considerable dimensions. Here can  e.g. B. be provided that the cutting members a fill funnel for filling the waste and one around contain its own axis orbiting cylinder, the carries a variety of movable blades that come with fixed, arranged outside the cylinder Blades work together to cut the pieces, where z. B. also the separators to separate the waste pieces of foreign objects of considerable dimensions a preferred passage or preference passage have the expediently by the distance between each movable blade performing the cut and the subsequent fixed blade that still has not participated in the cut, is defined.

Further advantages of the subject of the invention result resulting from the following subclaims.

In the drawing is an embodiment of the counter state of the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a plant according to the invention in a side view in schematic representation;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the serving for cutting the waste cutting machine in an installation according to the invention in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3 shows the cylinder of the engine of FIG. 2 seen in partial view and from above, wherein the stationary and the movable blades in the cutting position are,

Fig. 4 shows the cylinder according to Fig. 3 in a side view on a larger scale,

Fig. 5, the machine for pre-washing the waste of a plant according to the invention in a side view in schematic representation;

Fig. 6 shows the machine according to Fig. 5, in a schematic front view

Fig. 7, the second washing machine for washing the waste at a plant according to the invention in a side view in schematic representation, where at one end the means for Ent take the wastes from the second well is shown,

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of FIG. 7, in a section along the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7

The right end of the arrangement of FIG. 7 is shown in a side view and in a larger scale, wherein in particular the device for unloading of the waste from the second well remote Fig. 9,

Fig. 10 shows the device of FIG. 9 in a plan view, again in a schematic representation;

Figure 11 shows the machine view. For drying the waste according to the invention in a schematic side,

Fig. 12 shows the arrangement of FIG. 11 in a front view on a larger scale and

Fig. 13, the desiccation machine of a system according to the invention in a side view in schematic cut partial view.

The system shown in the drawing contains at least one cutting machine 2 , which essentially has a frame 3 , which carries a hopper 4 , into which the waste 5 in the form of pressed bales, rolls and the like are introduced.

The frame 3 carries the means 6 for dividing the cases and the means 7 for separating the foreign matter of considerable dimensions from the waste.

In particular, the means 6 for cutting the waste, as can be seen in Fig. 3, in addition to the hopper 4 still a cylinder 8 which rotates around its own axis and carries a plurality of movable blades 9 , which with corresponding fixed blades 10 cooperate to cut the waste into strips of predetermined length and width.

The movable blades 9 are arranged on the jacket of the cylinder along a helical path, while the fixed blades 10 are aligned to each other and are connected to the frame 3 of the machine. Conveniently, both the movable blades and the fixed blades have a tapered shape, which is formed by a straight wall 11 and an obliquely extending wall 12 , and the movable blades with the help of a registerable slide 13 with respect to the rest fixed blades can be registered or can be brought into agreement with them. With this particular arrangement of the movable blades with respect to the fixed blades, it is achieved that during the cutting operation of the waste, a movable blade will always, in cooperation with the corresponding fixed blade, cut the waste material in such a way that the necessary for this operation Power is often extremely small and yet effective.

The cylinder 8 also has a device 14 which causes self-reversibility or reversal under tension or stress, so that, in the event that a foreign body of considerable dimensions would wedge between the cut from leading blades at that moment, a rotational movement of the cylinder in to allow a direction opposite to the rotational movement during cutting, such that the movable blades, which are below those that would have to perform the cutting operation, remove the foreign body and in one or more phases cutting the waste without damaging the blades allow.

The separating elements for separating the waste pieces from the foreign bodies of considerable dimensions contain a preferred passage 15 or a preferred passage which is expediently defined by the distance between each movable blade making a cut and the subsequent fixed blade which is not yet participating in the cutting operation. Thanks to the presence of the inclined wall 12 , the foreign body will tend to move laterally with respect to the movable blade as it goes down and fall under the cylinder.

From the separating machine 2 , the cut waste is guided with the aid of a conveyor belt 20 of a known type to a prewashing machine 21 which contains a trough 22 , in the interior of which a certain amount of water is present, the level of which is indicated at 23 .

Incidentally, a rotating drum 24 is mounted in the tub 22 , which carries a jacket provided with a plurality of bores 25 , through which bores the small or medium-sized foreign objects are discharged into the interior of the tub 22 . Inside, in addition, the drum 24 has means for stirring and before moving the waste material in the longitudinal direction of the drum, which means are designated 26 . They have profile rails 27 , which are attached to the inside of the drum and have a helical course. These rails have a cross section essentially in the form of a "C", the leg ends of which are firmly connected to the jacket and the flat, flat transverse web is directed to the axis of rotation of the drum. In this way, during the rotary movement of the drum, a rotational movement of the profiled rails with a helical course is effected, which consequently advance the waste pieces from one end to the other and at the same time also wash these waste pieces. In addition, the profile rails 27 form with the inner surface of the drum a plurality of elongated channels, which serve to collect and drain the water in the drum during its rotational movement. In this way, a so-called rain effect is achieved on the waste floating on the water, which is suitable for forming a vortex in the water in order to transport the foreign bodies away from the surface of the waste material with higher energy.

The prewashing machine 21 also has means for actuating and supporting the drum 24 , which are suitably located outside the free water level 23 of the water, so that they are not influenced by the latter. In particular, the means for actuating and supporting the drum from a toothed belt 30 which is driven by a motor with reduction gear 31 and which cooperates with a corresponding toothing 33 , which is provided at the associated end of the drum, so that on this Way the rotary movement of the drum is effected. The other end of the drum is supported by a freely supporting idler wheel 34 which bears against the inner surface of the jacket of the drum. As shown in Fig. 6, lateral idler wheels 35 are provided in the rest, which prevent the drum during its rotation movement will be subjected to any vibrations or oscillations.

Outside the drum, but still inside the tub 22 , means are provided for separating the remaining foreign objects of considerable dimensions from the washed waste that come out of the drum, which work by decanting or precipitating. These means of separation by decanting or precipitation contain a plurality of lines 40 which run parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 24 and have a plurality of nozzles 41 through which air is let out in the direction of the free water level. The escape of the air from the lines 40 causes a vortex to form in the water above it, which allows separation by the falling of foreign bodies from the pieces of waste that remain on the surface.

The system then has a conveyor belt 42 of a known type which takes the washed product leaving the prewashing machine and introduces it into a grinding machine in which it is subjected to comminution.

The grinding machine 43 also has a trough 44 , which carries a filling funnel 45 for filling the washed waste material, through which rotating and fixed grinding elements 46 are fed, which shred the waste material into predetermined dimensions. Advantageously, the grinding elements run at least partially in the water of the tub 44 , which is why the waste material always takes place in the presence of water, which has the advantage that it is now possible to separate the parts from the waste pieces that are difficult to remove, so e.g. B. It can be particles of small or medium dimensions, such as mud, sand and the like. That adhere strongly to the surface of the waste pieces.

From the grinding machine, the comminuted and washed product is transferred to a second washing tub 50 , which is used to wash the waste pieces and in the first area of which a circumferential cylinder 51 with a perforated jacket is provided, which is used to remove any remaining foreign bodies and which is in it Inside a helical ribbing 52 for transferring the washed and shredded waste pieces into a second area of this second trough, in which actuators 53 are provided for stirring and moving the water, in order in this way the complete, total cleaning and cleaning of the waste pieces to reach.

Advantageously, as can be seen in Fig. 1, both the tub 22 of the prewashing machine 21 and the tub 44 of the grinding machine 43 , as well as finally the second washing tub 50 in cross section have a trapezoidal shape, with one another in a lower section Connect. In this lower section, a screw conveyor 54 is provided, which brings about the transfer of the foreign bodies, which originate from the different washing phases of the waste pieces, to a separator 55 , which serves to separate the foreign bodies of considerable dimensions from those of small or medium dimensions depending on their dimensions Separate grain size. In particular, the separator 55 has a fixed drum 56 with a perforated cylindrical shell, inside which an endless screw 57 rotates, in such a way that it carries the foreign objects of considerable dimensions, which have not passed through the holes in the shell, to one end of the cylindrical shell from supplies. The foreign bodies of small granule size and consequently small and medium-sized dimensions, on the other hand, pass through the holes in the jacket and fall here by decantation or precipitation into a catch basin 58 which contains water. This collecting basin advantageously has a scraper band 59 on the bottom, which brings the mud-like deposits, which contain foreign bodies of small or medium dimensions, up to the surface, where they are removed by known methods.

The second pan also has a removal device 60 for removing the washed and crushed foreign body from it. The discharge device 60 contains a cylindrical frame 61 , on which various transport containers 80 are provided, which are used to transport the waste and which are cyclically and regularly immersed in the water below the free mirror during the rotating movement of the frame, and from this the Remove waste pieces and, after they have passed through an arc of less than 180 °, deliver this waste material outside of the tub 50 . In a static position above the frame 61 , spray elements are provided on the side opposite the axis of rotation of the frame, which are formed by a plurality of nozzles 62 , 63 . The nozzles 62 serve to spray the pieces of waste and to wash away the not always pure washing water which still adheres to them, while the nozzles 63 help to ensure that the pieces of waste emerge from the transport containers 80 and that they are conveyed to a subsequent drying machine 64 .

For the rest, it must be said that all mechanical Devices for driving and actuating the device are out of the water and therefore opposite are protected from interference by the latter.

The drying machine 64 includes a frame 65 which carries a perforated drum 66 which is rotatable about its axis of rotation. Inside the drum, a rotating screw 67 with increased speed is provided, which serves to throw off the adhering water still present on the waste pieces due to gravity. The rotational movement of the screw is matched to that of the drum to prevent jamming of the waste pieces between the threads of the screw and the drum itself. In the area of the discharge mouth of the drum, a channel 48 is provided, with the help of which the waste pieces are enveloped by an air stream, the direction of which is opposite to the forward direction of the waste pieces, thereby improving the drying operation of the waste pieces.

The waste pieces reach the desiccation machine 70 from the drying machine 64 , which also has a perforated cylinder 71 which is rotatable in the interior of the box 72 . The inside of the cylinder 71 has a helical elevation 73 , which allows and enables the waste pieces to advance from one end of the box to the other end. The box has a plurality of ventilation devices, indicated at 74 , and a plurality of partitions 75 , which, in cooperation with the ventilation or ventilation devices, serve to generate an air flow that passes through the cylinder several times in a direction perpendicular to its axis passes through to enable considerable energy savings and a perfect drying of the waste pieces favor, which can be converted in this way in a conventional manner into granules of plastic material, which are suitable for film or film production.

It has also been found that the plant for recycling waste pieces made of plastic material, especially for use in agriculture technology, it allows washed and dried waste to achieve pieces that are used to make films or Sheets of optimal quality starting with thicknesses of 25 microns are suitable. For the rest, the Plant for the recovery of polyethylene films just come from farms that Impurities or foreign bodies up to 50% of their content included, e.g. B. clay, sand, stones, iron, wood etc.

With the system according to the invention you can otherwise with the help of a prewash operation, that approx. 90% of the foreign matter before grinding the pieces of waste can be separated and separated so that one optimal washing during grinding, an Er Increase the effectiveness of the blades of the grinder and practically eliminating any breaks mechanical organ produced by foreign bodies could.  

The plant has besides the advantages that result from the technical solutions mentioned above, also the advantage that a single operator is sufficient in so far as the separating machine that over your hopper is fed intermittently, regulates the exit of the material to make it continuous to make Lich, such that one ver different machines that are obvious be regulated in this way to the amount of material can, which emerges from the cutting machine.

The above invention can of course still be various Learn changes and have variations, all under the scope of the present proposal fall, otherwise can of course all details by technically equi valent elements are replaced. In practice you can the materials used as well as the dimensions depending on the requirements of practice and be chosen from the prior art.

Claims (22)

1. Plant for recycling or making recyclable waste material made of plastic material, in particular for use in agriculture, the waste material being prepared in grains suitable for film formation, characterized in that it has at least one machine ( 2 ) for dividing the Has waste, the cutting organs for cutting the pieces and separating organs for separating the cut pieces from foreign bodies of considerable dimensions. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting members ( 6 ) contain a filling funnel ( 4 ) for filling the waste material ( 5 ) and a cylinder ( 8 ) rotating around its own axis, which has a plurality of movable blades ( 9 ) carries, which cooperate with fixed, outside the cylinder ( 8 ) arranged blades ( 10 ) for cutting the pieces. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable blades ( 9 ) on the cylinder ( 8 ) along a helical line and the fixed blades ( 10 ) are aligned. 4. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that both the movable and the fixed blades ( 9 and 10 ) have a tapered shape and the movable blades ( 9 ) relative to the fixed blades ( 10 ) can be registered or in agreement can be brought with them. 5. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylinder ( 8 ) under tension or stress, the self-reversibility or reversal effecting device ( 14 ) and that the blades ( 9 , 10 ) are interchangeable. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating members for separating the waste pieces from the foreign bodies of considerable dimensions have a preferred passage ( 15 ) or preference passage, which is expediently by the distance between each movable blade ( 9 ) performing the cut and the subsequent fixed blade ( 10 ), which has not yet participated in the cut, is defined. 7. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is provided with a prewashing machine ( 21 ) for prewashing the waste material, which has a water-containing tub ( 22 ) which has a rotating drum ( 24 ) with a jacket contains, which has a large number of holes ( 25 ) for the passage of small and medium-sized foreign bodies into the tub, also means ( 26 ) for stirring and advancing the waste material in the longitudinal direction of the drum ( 24 ) and means ( 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 ) for actuating and supporting the drum ( 24 ) and finally, outside the drum, but inside the tub, means for decanting and precipitating remaining foreign bodies of considerable dimensions are provided. 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for stirring and moving forward ( 26 ) of the waste material inside the drum ( 24 ) attached profile rails ( 27 ) having a substantially C-shaped cross section, which have a helical course . 9. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the profiled rails ( 27 ) with the inner surface of the drum ( 24 ) form a plurality of elongated channels which serve to collect and drain the water in the drum during its rotational movement. 10. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the means ( 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 ) for actuating and supporting the drum ( 24 ) are arranged outside the water in the tub. 11. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the means ( 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 ) for actuating and supporting the drum ( 24 ) at one end to support it and to generate the rotary movement of a motor with a reduction gear ( 31 ) driven toothed belt ( 30 ), which meshes with a suitable circumferential toothing ( 33 ) at the corresponding end of the drum ( 24 ), and at the other end of the drum contain a freely supporting idler wheel ( 34 ). 12. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for decanting and precipitating remaining foreign bodies of considerable dimensions contain a plurality of lines ( 40 ) in which a fluid flows and which run approximately parallel to the axis of the drum ( 24 ) and have a plurality of nozzles ( 41 ) distributed in their longitudinal direction, through which the fluid flowing in the lines, e.g. B. air, can occur in the direction of the free water level ( 23 ) in the drum. 13. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it subsequently has a grinding machine ( 43 ) which has a hopper ( 45 ) for supplying the washed waste material to circulating and fixed size reduction elements ( 46 ), which at least partially run in the water of the tub ( 44 ) and serve to shred the waste material up to certain dimensions. 14. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it subsequently has at least a second trough ( 50 ) for washing the prewashed and comminuted waste material, in the first area of which a rotating cylinder ( 41 ) with a perforated jacket for removing any remaining foreign bodies are provided, the inside of which has a helical ribbing ( 52 ) for carrying the shredded and washed waste into a second area of the tub, in which area actuators ( 53 ) for stirring and moving the water in the second Trough ( 50 ) are provided. 15. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the tub ( 22 ) of the prewashing machine ( 21 ), the tub ( 44 ) of the grinding machine or comminution machine ( 43 ) and the second tub ( 50 ) serving for washing at least in their lower sections are connected to one another and have at least one screw conveyor ( 54 ) which is used to transfer the foreign bodies of small, medium and considerable dimensions to a separator ( 55 ) which separates the foreign bodies depending on their grain size. 16. Plant according to claim 15, characterized in that the separator ( 55 ) has a cylindrical shell ( 56 ) provided with holes, inside which an endless screw ( 57 ) rotates, the foreign body of considerable size being produced by the endless screw ( 57 ). are discharged at one end of the cylindrical shell, while the other small or medium-sized foreign objects fall through the holes of the shell ( 56 ) into a water-containing catch basin ( 58 ) which has a scraper band ( 59 ) on its bottom, which is used for removal the foreign body of small and medium dimensions from the catch basin ( 58 ) is used. 17. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the second trough ( 50 ) is assigned a removal device ( 60 ) for removing the washed and zer smaller foreign matter from it, which several of a z. B. cylindrical movable frame ( 61 ) carried transport container ( 80 ), which are cyclically and regularly immersed in the movement of the frame ( 60 ) in the water of the second tub ( 50 ) to receive the waste material and it outside the tub ( 50 ). 18. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the removal device ( 60 ) preferably on one of the axis of rotation of the rotatable cylindrical frame ( 61 ) opposite side contains spray elements ( 62 , 63 ) for spraying and conveying away the waste material serve outside. 19. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized characterized in that the mechanical devices for Driving the cylindrical frame out of the water lying in the tub. 20. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it contains at least one drying machine ( 64 ) with a perforated drum ( 66 ) which has in its interior a high-speed screw ( 67 ) which due to Gravity, the water still present on the waste pieces, and that there is also an air flow-introducing member ( 68 ) which directs the air flow against the direction of movement of the waste pieces within the drum. 21. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the drum ( 66 ) about its axis in the same sense as the screw ( 67 ) is rotatable, the axis of rotation of which runs parallel to the axis of the drum ( 66 ). 22. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it has at least one desiccation machine ( 70 ) which contains a box ( 72 ) in which a cylinder ( 71 ) with a perforated jacket is rotatably arranged in the interior thereof a helical de, for advancing the waste from one end to the other of the box serving elevation ( 73 ) is provided and that the box ( 72 ) is provided with a plurality of ventilation devices ( 74 ) and a plurality of partitions ( 75 ) which cooperate with the ventilation devices repeatedly create air flows inside the cylinder ( 71 ), which are perpendicular to the direction of advance of the waste pieces.