DE4117046A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SIMULATING ACCIDENTS - Google Patents

Description

The invention is concerned with the study and the simula tion of motorcycle accidents. In particular, the invention relates an accident simulation using a dummy, so to speak to simulate injuries in an effective and realistic way that results from an actual motorcycle accident can.

The invention thus concerns anthropomorphic devices and anthrodynamic methods to describe situations and consequences of Mo To simulate torrad accidents.

In general, the development in Un case research using test dummies, at least to one essential part, from the American patent literature, such as it is listed below.

Of the above patents, the patents of Payne, et al and Gregoire, Specker, et al, Becker, Mellander, et al and Gain, et al. Specifically anthropo morphic devices with subunit facilities search and evaluation of head injuries, whereas the patent of Gain, et al deals with the simulation of Motorcycle accidents involved.

Payne, et al, Smrcka, Haffner, et al, Kortge, Alderson, Woley, et al, Daniel, and Denton, et al relate to patents, which are of particular interest in that regard on joint mechanisms and / or simulated knee joints be pull, which are parts of the anthropomorphic devices.

Furthermore, the patents of Payne, et al, Gregoire, Smrcka, Alderson, Daniel and Denton, et al. Of particular Interest, because they are based on anthropomorphic units  with limbs.

Finally, the patents of Payne, et al, Melzian, Searle, et al., Gregoire, Daniel, et al and Groesch, et al Thoracic and / or trunk structures in anthropomorphic devices.

Furthermore, the developments in this area are the accident general literature and other countries patents, for example the patents, as the state of the art on the covers of the mentioned American patents are listed.

An object of the invention is compared to that specified here Prior art indicate improvements. In particular the invention by particularly high lifelike gekennzeich net comprises the following features:

• 1. Accuracy in relation to the force / load measurement and realistic freedom of movement,
• 2. direct information about possible injuries, in particular on limbs and joints, and
• 3. Independence of data-collecting and storing Device lying completely inside the dummy to Errors caused by external data over tragungsvorrichtungen, such as connecting cables, etc. to avoid.

In one aspect, the invention is particularly in the specification a basic arrangement of the device, characterized by a Dummy for simulating motorcycle accidents with a body, Limbs with at least one arm and one leg, hands and Joints, the articulated connections between at least one Part of the limbs and at least one other part of the limb measure or of the body.

Other independent essential aspects of the invention lie in

• 1. special, more dimensionally simulated amplifying Limbs,  
• 2. articulated knee joints, the opposite to diffraction at right rotation and cross tipping the knee joint increasingly increase their resistance and at some point that Allow breakage or kinking; and
• 3. in a removable hip joint as a ligament simulation.

Another independent feature is a single, upright data module arrangement, the terminal of the Vor direction for data transmission, and thereby the terminal for the data transmission in a special way shields and protects and a particularly dense structure Ensures which completely within the thorax part the dummy lies.

Another essential aspect of the invention is in appropriate procedures for each part of the device according to the invention.

The invention also provides a method and apparatus to externally control and display data collecting and storing elements, as well as a method and a Vor direction for determining the relationship between kinetic Data and injuries as well as between injuries and pro project costs.

The invention is described below with reference to a preferred, in the drawings illustrated embodiment with white details, without limiting the scope of the invention, explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of a test dummy of the invention as used for the simulation of motor vehicle accidents, with the outer skin simulating sleeve normally seen before removed in this doll;

Figure 2 is a schematic side elevational view of the doll of Figure 1 on a test motorcycle, with the doll surrounded by a skin simulating sleeve, clothing, etc.

Fig. 3 is a schematic elevational view in exploded view of a module for data reception and storage which lies entirely within the thorax portion of the test dummy of Fig. 1, with a signal terminal separated therefrom;

Fig. 4 is a schematic partial view of the lower member of the test dummy of Fig. 1, showing the left leg with a skin-simulating sheath and the right leg without such sheath for maintenance and evaluation;

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of a simulated, breakable part of the tibia, made according to the invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a simulated retractable hip joint according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a cross section through the hip joint arrangement from FIG. 6; FIG.

Fig. 8 is a front elevational view of a single knee joint of the dummy of Fig. 1;

. Fig. 9 is a section through the arrangement of Figure 8 ent long section line AA;

Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the assembly of Fig. 8;

FIG. 11 shows a cross section through the arrangement from FIG. 10 along the section line BB in FIG. 10;

Fig. 12 shows an arrangement of the units for collecting and storing data inside the anthropomorphic doll according to the invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing details of the collecting unit and / or the data storing unit;

Fig. 14 shows a system of building blocks for detecting, restoring and processing data according to the invention;

Fig. 15 shows modules of an external processor for correlating injuries and costs; and

FIG. 16 shows method steps executed by the external processor of FIG. 15. FIG .

Fig. 1-11 show the basic arrangement of a dummy 1 for simulating a motorcycle accident. This test dummy is manufactured in accordance with the invention and is used, for example, in a known and conventional motorcycle test arrangement 2 shown in FIG .

As shown in FIG. 2, the test dummy 1 for simulating a Mo torrad accident releasably on a test motorcycle 3 in the test arrangement 2 is attached. The hands of the doll grip the handlebar of the motorcycle detachably, but the rest of the doll sits "free" on the motorcycle seat like a normal driver.

In the arrangement 2 , the motorcycle for forward movements is lös bar attached to a frame 4 . The frame 4 is carried by a support or a carriage 5 and can be driven forward by a driving device not shown (to the left in Fig. 2). Such a drive device may include a cable, a drive, etc.

In execution of a conventional test procedure with the Anord tion of FIG. 2, the frame 4 would go to the left and eingrei fen in a stop or an abutment in its orbit. At this point, the movement of the frame 4 would stop and the motorcycle 3 with the dummy sitting on it 1 would be carried along, simulating the normal free movement of Mo torrad and driver. Depending on the type of test then the free motorcycle and the dummy would be brought into a ge wished simulated accident situation, for example when playing with another vehicle or obstacle. The damage done to the dummy and the force and / or stress conditions and / or acceleration conditions recorded during the test would provide the observer with an indication of what would probably have happened under real circumstances, ie Information on injuries that would have been expected for a driver in such a situation obtained.

With reference to Fig. 1, the inner structure of the dummy 1 is described below, wherein Fig. 1 represents the internal parts of the test doll, the removable epidermis or an elastic skin simulating sheath 6 is removed.

A portion of this elastic, skin simulating human skin 6 is shown for example in Fig. 4, where it covers the lower part of the torso and the left leg, the right leg of the dummy 1 being exposed, as in Fig. 1.

General structure of the dummy

The dummy 1 for simulating a motorcycle accident comprises, according to FIG. 1, a head 7 , a neck 8 , a body 9 with thorax or breast / rib arrangement 10 . The limbs 11 to hold two arms 12 and 13 , two legs 14 and 15 and two hands 16 and 17 . Articulated connections 18 in the form of hinges lie between parts of the limbs and either other parts of the limbs or the body. These compounds 18 include two elbow joints 19 , disengageable hip joints 20 , yielding and ultimately breaking knee joints 21 and shoulder joints 22 .

According to Fig. 1, the artificial left arm 12 comprises an upper arm portion 12 a, which is rotatably connected via an elbow joint 13 with a lower or Vorderarmabschnitt 12 b. The right arm has the same basic arrangement.

The leg assembly includes a hinged arrangement. Referring to FIG. 1, the left leg 14 comprises a thigh 14a that is above a frangible knee joint 15 to a lower tibia 14 b ver prevented.

It is envisaged that some or all limb parts, such as the parts of the leg 14 a and 14 b made of a breakable, ie fragile material to be broken and to visualize the types of breakage in a motorcycle accident with a human driver is expected to occur.

The extensible hip joints, the breakable knee joints and the breakable limb parts are designed to be one can yield to force applied to them and from a certain force. As a result, accident consequences rea is simulated in a playful way by breaking optical information Fractures, dislocations etc. achieved, and the type of movement Freedom, in accidents after breaks, dislocations, etc. on kick, admitted.

Because the basic arrangement of the dummy including their relatively movable interconnected components the state of the art, as shown in part in the list of US Patents set out at the beginning, is well known, it is not necessary, the details of conventional arrangements, such as they may possibly be used in practice, too describe.

The skilled artisan can easily with the given prior art and from appropriate literature on crash tests on suitable Joints and structural parts in connection with the stock sharing the invention.  

Taking into account the resulting damage, it is on measure, conventional load cells, accelerometers and force or strain gauge in a conventional manner appropriate places in the dummy. At the off Choice of suitable for the appropriate test conditions Sensors and transducers may be conventional, general available measuring devices are used, as they are the prior art and from the literature on crash tests are described.

With reference to FIG. 1, it is provided that the test dummy 1 is equipped with a plurality of sensors can be seen the arrangement of FIG. 1 and are listed in the following.

• a) Linear accelerometer of the head
• b) Angle accelerometer of the head
• c) neck load cell (load cell)
• d) Potentiometer for the deflection of the breast
• e) accelerometer of the chest
• f) accelerometer of the pelvis
• g) upper thigh load cell
• h) Apparatus for measuring the stress of the Thighs (Strain Gauge Means)
• i) Device for measuring the load on the knee
• j) Device for measuring the load of the upper shin
• k) Device for measuring the load of the lower shin

The dummy 1 includes a gripper 17 a for gripping the steering rod of the motorcycle in his hand 17th This includes inner gripping portions in the hand, such as bendable metal rods, wires, springs, etc. Such devices are known in the art as shown by prior use by JAMA (Japanese Automobile Manufacturers, Association). It is intended that the gripper 17 a releasably connects the doll with the handlebar of the motorcycle 3 , and thus basically simulates the human gripping process and the only connection (albeit detachable) between the doll and the motorcycle forms, as in a real Mo torradfahrer ,

The device for gripping the steering wheel of the motorcycle 17 a is designed so that, by the action of the yielding gripping action, the doll 1 detached from the handlebar of the motorcycle when the inertial force acting on the Pup pe during the accident simulation, greater than that Gripping force exerted by the device for gripping the handlebar of the motorcycle 17 a on the handlebar, has become. When the motorcycle 3 encounters a hindrance, the inertial force will usually carry the doll over the handlebar with the hands 17 disengaging.

A first sensor device 23 can measure the pressure on and / or the load on the limbs. This arrangement to summarizes, for example, arrangements for measuring the stress 23 a and 23 b, which are mounted as shown in Fig. 5 on the tibia 14 b. Such conventional sensor devices, at positions j and k in FIG. 1, generate a first electrical data signal in accordance with the stress of the tibial component detected by this first sensor device 23 . Each tibial component includes such an arrangement for measuring the strain. Similar sensor arrangements are provided on the parts of the thigh.

A second sensor arrangement 24 detects the pressure on and / or the stress of the joints. Such a sensor arrangement 24 may, for. B. include the strain gauges of the knee joints i.

This second sensor arrangement generates according to the Beanspru of the knee joint caused by the device for measuring Stress of the second sensor device is detected, a second data signal.  

As can be seen from Figs. 1 and 3, the dummy 1 includes a box-like device for receiving and storing data 25 , which receives the data generated by the first and second Sensorvorrich 23 and 24 data signals and stores in the chest 10 . Further details of this unit will be explained later in these embodiments. At this point, it is sufficient to note that the protected against shock on receiving device 25 comprises a stable housing 26 that the unit 25 completely contains in the thorax 10 . The housing 26 is suitable because of its stability and hardness and by the armouring with impact reducers or cushions to shield the front direction for the data reception against forces acting on the doll during the accident simulation, and it is at the back wheel of the doll 1 , ie below the neck 8 is introduced .

The signal transmission device 27 comprises sensor cables or electrical signal transmission wires, such as the cables 28 of Fig. 5. These cables 28 may be the first and the second data signal from the first and the second Sensorvor direction to the device for data reception and storage 25th transfer. Further details of the connection device of the device for the signal transmission, which is shown in Fig. 3 pulled out of a central chamber of the unit 25 will be explained later in these embodiments.

The signal transmission device 27 lies completely within the doll and has no outwardly extending transmission components, such as a central conduit. Such a conduit would be physically connected to devices separate from the doll, thereby compromising the freedom of movement of the doll during the crash simulation.

The limbs 11 include frangible, fracture simulating a constituents, such as the thigh parts 14 a and shin portions 14 b. These breakable portions may break according to the inertial force or external forces acting on the doll during the crash simulation. These breakable fracture simulation devices include breakable and observable limbs that can break according to forces encountered in accidents. This arrangement provides an observing device for the optical simulation of fractures of the limbs. It also requires a device that permits relative movement between fractured limbs while simulating the relative freedom of movement of the fractured limbs during simulated accidents. In other words, the simulated break can be observed by removing the elastic skin cover 6 (via zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, etc.) and allowing the dynamics of the relative movement of the broken limb parts.

Breakable construction of the limbs

As described above, it is desirable that one or more portions of the limbs in the doll 1 be breakable so as to provide visual indication of the simulated fracture and permit relative movement between the fractured portions, and thereby the dynamics of fractured leg portions simulate how they expected to occur in a normal accident situation.

In the following, a fragile or breakable tibial component 14 b will be explained by way of example with reference to FIG . However, it is believed that each leg has such a breakable tibia, and that also the parts of the femur may be breakable. In addition, other parts may have such a breakable or fragile nature.

The tibial section 14 b of the leg comprises multiple cylindrical laminates which require separately controllable, differently oriented properties or patterns in the breaking strength.

A first cylindrical fiberglass laminate 14 c includes a first fiber reinforcement 14 d extending along the tibia 14 b. This gain is determined by a laminae and fiber size in order afford b to be granted to a predetermined degree of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the shin fourteenth

A second cylindrical fiberglass laminate 14 e includes a second reinforcement 14 f which extends helically to the longitudinal axis of the tibia 14 b. An enclosure 14 e guaran stet a reinforcement which extends substantially helically to the longitudinal axis of the tibia.

The longitudinally extending first and substantially spirally extending second reinforcement 14 e and 14 f form un differently oriented reinforcing patterns which are to mulate under different, multidirectional strength properties si. This allows the realistic simulation and evaluation of transverse and spiral fractures.

The two laminate layers 14 c and 14 e may comprise a core wrap 14 g, which is on the inner, distributed over the length of rings 14 h.

The laminate layers 14 c and 14 e comprise a composite, cylindrical, breakable base tube and are preferably made of components made of fiberglass, ie, made of a fiberglass material and a resin base. In addition, assume is gone, that a satisfactory construction technique includes Aufle gene ( "laying up") of the base tube to a stabilizing core having a relatively thin wall 14 g of the interior of one or more distributed reinforcement rings, such as the aluminum rings 14 h in Figure . 5, includes.

The following materials are considered for production:
Composite breakable base tube: 4 layers of a Fiberit MXB7701 / 120 pre-impregnated (2 uz./sq.yd., Simply woven fiberglass cover, impregnated with 2500 hardened epoxy resin) spiral wound at + 30 ° opposite the axis of the tube, and 2 layers made from 3M Scotchply SP-250E pre-impregnated (one-sided Owens Corning 456 glass impregnated with 2501 hardened epoxy resin) wound with the fibers along the tube axis;
Stabilizing core: 0.25 inch thick, with 0.125 inch wall thickness, and 6061-T6 aluminum rings separated by a 0.125 thick, 12 pcf, Clark foam disk.

The object of the inner stabilizing rings 14 h is to form an inner reinforcement and to prevent premature or undesirable crushing of the cylindrical tube assembly, and while maintaining the texture of the crushability of the limbs from the viewpoint of the test evaluation.

The end portion 14 k of each limb part, to which it is connected to other components of the doll, ie with joints, etc., can be widened or reinforced as in FIG. 5 and with suitable connecting parts, such as the connection device 14 j of FIG. 5 be provided. Such an arrangement allows the assembly of the limb parts with hinge pins, as beispielswei se in Fig. 8.

The connecting ends 14 k can be widened and reinforced with additional layers of fiberglass, so as to reach the ge wished strength in the joint area in the items to it.

Structure of the simulated knee joint

The invention provides significant improvements in the construction of a  breakable knee joint.

In this sense, a progress or an improvement ge compared to the structure of the US Denton et al. Patent 14 88 433 reached from the given listing.

According to Fig. 10, the simulated knee joint 21 comprises a sliding border upper knee component 21 a, the structure and function as completely in the aforementioned Denton et al. Patent is described. Where appropriate, the comments of Denton et al. Patentes with respect to the upper knee and slide assembly 21 a referenced.

The invention aims at a unique multidirectional, lower knee joint assembly, which, strictly speaking, two Anord tions, each one of which is elastic increasing resistance, and at one point in which a human limb would break, a break while simulating the normal dynamics of an accident.

Referring to Figs. 8-11, this composite assembly includes an assembly 121 which permits lateral swinging movement of the doll in the knee joint. The second arrangement 122 , which is integrated into the first arrangement 121 , should allow rotational movements between the thigh / knee joint and the tibia 14 b.

The articulated connection 21 can thus simulate the human knee joint and comprises a first and a second arrangement 121 and 122 shown in FIG. 8 to 11. The arrangement 121 allows a lateral tilting movement, ie varus-valgus rotation and the arrangement 122 leaves a Torsion rotation, see Figs. 8 and 11.

The two arrangements comprise the same basic construction elements, so that the description of the details of the arrangement 121 also refers to the elements of the arrangement 122 , which are designated with the same En.

The arrangement 121 comprises a first movable part 121 a and a second movable part 121 b. Arched slots on the first part 121 a and a breakable pin device 121 d, which are rotatably mounted on the part 121 b, as in Fig. 11, ver bind the first and second movable part 121 a and 121 b and ensure a limited lateral Movement ent a arc, as determined by the arcuate passage of the pin device 121 d through the slot 121 c.

A rubbery body 121 e in the slot 121 c between the side walls of the slot of the part 121 a and the pin device 121 d, on both sides of the device is located, the resistance of the tilting movement of the part 121 b about its lower pivot point 121 x relative to the part 121 a elastic and increasingly increase in accordance with the arcuate movement of the pinning device 121 d through the slot 121 c. When a Be utilization, corresponding to a simulated bone fracture, occurs, breaking a single pin 121 f, d and b, the connecting pin apparatus 121, the part of the 121st

The arrangement pair 121 and 122 is directed as the arrangement 121 of having an axis of rotation along the motorcycle 3 , and allows the lateral tilting of the doll 1 relative to the motorcycle.

The axis of rotation of the other assembly 122 extends vertically and thus allows an upright rotational movement of the doll 1 re lative to the motorcycle. 3

Removable simulation hip joint with the joint together holding ribbons

The test dummy 1 of the present invention may be provided with an optimized, deployable hip joint assembly 20 , as shown in FIGS . 6 and 7.

The simulated hip joint assembly 20 has in its base 20 a an acetabulum 20 d, a femoral neck 20 c and a joint ball 20 e. The joint ball 20 e is supported by the femoral neck 20 c and removably engages in the concave socket 20 d. Thus, the ball 20 d movably connects the hip socket 20 d to the femoral neck 20 c and thus to the thigh 14 a, much like an actual human hip joint.

A frangible clamping ring 20 f represents a selectively breakable holder, which holds the ball 20 e with the pan 20 d in United bond and releases a release of the femoral neck 20 c of the hip base 20 d as a function of a predetermined separation force when this on the simulated hip joint 20 acts. If such a separation force occurs, then breaks the separable ends of the clamping ring 20 f cohesive shear pin 20g, so that the ball 20 e from the pan 20 d can solve sen.

Both on the ball 20 b and the pan 20 d a band assembly is anchored, the attachment plates or strips 20 h and 20 i, which partially turn around the mentioned ele ments around, as is apparent from Fig. 6.

Elongate, elastic simulation tapes are provided, which consist of resilient wires or threads 20 k, which generate a contractive force between the anchoring elements 20 h and 20 i. The wires 20 k extend between the gel and the pan and are held by these elements. As a result of these wires or threads, the ball and the Pfan ne 20 d are held together releasably, with a pressure or bearing force is created, which presses the ball in the pan. The Dräh te or yarns may be endless belts, the te the Halteelemen 20 h and 20 i are wound and which extend between these elements. This is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The wires or threads may be made of elastic plastic, metal, glass fever, fiber compositions and the like, depending on the desired holding force.

The illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 left hip joint 20 is thus able to simulate a hip dislocation, as may occur in a motorcycle accident, but has a dislocation counteracting holding force, as they rule in Men given due to the natural ligaments.

As is apparent from Figs. 6 and 7, the hip joint 20 has a plate-like base 20 a, which is connected to the lower trunk of the doll 1 , as shown in Fig. 1. The ausrenkbare or separable ball and socket arrangement and the angular band assembly simulating arrangement 20 c lead to a human conditions similar connection between ball 20 e and pan 20 b and thigh 14 a.

Elements for collecting and storing data

Figs. 1 and 3 show an arrangement for protection of the data on receiving arrangement of the test dummy 1.

The data acquisition module 25 is accommodated by means of its uneven Außenge housing 26 in the thorax 10 of the dummy 1 , so it is completely enclosed and protects the actual Datenein units against shocks. In this case, the housing 26 can be attached to parts of the spine we doll.

According to FIG. 3, the arrangement 25 vertical rows of data stores 25 a and 25 b, which are arranged on both sides of a vertical central recess 25 c.

A signal transmission system 27 comprises a plurality of the signal processing circuit boards 27 a, the sorleitungen with Sen are connected 28 which leading from the various sensor input instruments of the doll. In Fig. 3 shows schematically that the output of the processing plates 27 a are connected by conventional electrical connector 27 b with appro Neten junctions in the module, with the data receiving and storing module areas 25 a and 25 b.

Due to this arrangement, the end portion 27 c of the signal over carrier 27 can be inserted upwardly into the recess 25 c, in which case a base plate 27 d is attached to the base portion 25 d of the lower end of the housing 26 . In this way, the signal transmitter is effectively protected by the rough and preferably pillow-like housing 26 of the side shield, which is formed by the data-receiving and -speichernden modules 25 a and 25 b, the circuit boards and the transformer over end portion 27 a laterally from the rough Outer housing 26 are shielded abge.

The shock-resistant housing 25 surrounds a first, substantially upright, data-receiving module assembly 25 a, which is housed completely in the thorax 10 , and a second, substantially upright, data-absorbing Mo duleinheit 25 b, which also be found within the thorax 10 be and protected by the housing 26 .

The signal transmitter 27 has a connecting conductor bundle 27 a, which is located within the thorax 10 between the first and second upright data modules 25 a and 25 b. The first and second upright data modules 25 a and 25 b thus provide lateral protection for the signal transformer 27 a, which is located between them.

Those skilled in the art know that there are a variety of data on the market receiving and storing modules, data processing Circuit boards, circuit connectors and the like available is, and also knows which of these commercial Ele suitable for use in the present test dummy.  

A detailed explanation of the structure and operation of the arrangement 25 will be given below, with reference to FIGS . 12 to 14.

test method

Now that the overall structure of the dummy 1 and the structure of individual doll parts has been described in detail, the method of simulating a motorcycle accident using this dummy will be explained.

For a better understanding of this simulation method, it should first be recalled that the dummy 1 has the following components:

A head 7 ,
a neck 8 ,
a trunk 9 with thorax 10 ,
Limbs 11 with at least one arm 12 or 13 and at least one leg 14 or 15 ,
Hands 16 and 17 as well
Connecting elements for forming joints 18 between at least part of limbs 11 and at least one other part of these limbs 11 or the trunk 10th

The method simulating a motorcycle accident comprises the following steps:
On the dummy dummy gripper 17 a are provided for holding the handlebar of the motorcycle, in the hand 17 b, said gripper detachably connect the dummy 1 to the handlebar of the motorcycle, the grippers 17 a are formed so that they hold the handlebar but the test dummy 1 from the handlebar of the motorcycle then release when the gripping force exerted by the grippers 17 a to the steering rod is exceeded by the force acting on the test dummy 1 inertial force that occurs in the simulation of an accident;
in the dummy 1 , first sensors 23 are provided, which respond to the tensile stress and / or the pressure load acting on the limbs 11 , wherein the first sensors 23 deliver a first data signal as a function of the feel;
it will see pre-second sensors 24 in the dummy 1 , which respond to at least the tensile stress and / or the pressure load on a joint 18 ,
wherein the second sensors 24 deliver second data signals in response to their sensing result,
in the dummy 1 a data-receiving and -spei chernde arrangement 25 is provided, which receives the data signals of the first and / or second sensors 23 , 24 and stores this data within the thorax,
the data-receiving assembly 25 with housing 26 is shock-protected and shielded within the thorax, the data-receiving assembly 25 and the housing 26 are protected by the thorax against the effects of force acting on the dummy 1 in a simulated accident, it is a signal transformer 27 is provided transmitting the first and / or the second data signals from the first and second sensors 23 , 24 to the data receiving and storing device 25 ,
wherein the data transmitter is completely enclosed within the test dummy 1 , so that no transmission element is physically attached to a component outside the dummy, and
in the limbs of the doll breakable, fracture or joint fracture simulating elements 14 a, 14 b, etc. are provided, which break depending on the inertial force and external forces, which act on the doll during the accident simulation, this one Break simulating elements have the following elements:
visual display elements 14 a, 14 b, which break so that a visual simulation of a limb fracture he follows, and
Elements 14 a, 14 b, which allow a fracture a Relativbe movement between broken limb parts, so as to simulate a relative freedom of movement broken limbs during the simulated accident.

Preferably in the execution of the method ausrenkbare hip joints 20 and breakable knee joints 21 ver used as they have been previously described.

Referring to Fig. 12, the data collecting and storing arrangement (DCS) 25 comprises a plurality of individual data collecting and data storing units 25.1 to 25.8 . These DCS units 25.1 through 25.8 are small, fast and battery-powered data acquisition devices.

In the illustrated embodiment, the units 25.1 to 25.8 are arranged in two rows located on opposite sides of a mounting box 26 located adjacent to the spine in the thorax. Each unit is housed in a housing having strips and slots to cooperate with corresponding strips and slots in the mounting box 26 , so that the units 25.1 to 25.8 , as drawn, arranged in rows together men and connected to the mounting box 26 who that which results in a very rigid structural unit. Batteries are located in the lower area of the mounting box 26 . Each battery supplies a plurality of DCS units with electrical power.

An example of a data-collecting and -storing Vor The direction of suitable properties here is the "Durable Electronic Logging Violent Event Recorder ", abbreviated DELVER,  a multi-channel data recorder produced by Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., located in Dayton, Ohio.

The structure of this recorder is shown as a block diagram in FIG .

The DELVER DCS unit contains eight channels of analog signal conditioning, an eight-channel analog-to-digital converter, a storage capacity of 1.048576 MB, a changeable Threshold Generator, a random channel signal generator, a rechargeable integrated battery and a sequence state Control unit.

Sensors connected to the DCS unit are more common For example, bipolar excitation across ground in the range of + or -5 volt DC on.

During a data acquisition, a start is made in the DCS unit signal entered. This signal is used to control the On write operation to memory. Each additional application of one Start signal serves as a trigger signal for reading the in the DCS unit stored data, which is what a full continuous reading of the memory at each valid input signal leads.

The DCS unit has an address control unit which the track of the current loop pointer for both modes, So the writing and the reading, holds. The memory Control unit has a write-in security logic for the Store when the DCS unit is in the backup state drive and generates corresponding write-in pulses, when the DCS unit is in data collection mode. The DCS unit also has a readout counter, which is suitable for a suitable number of increments of the address Control unit ensures when taken from the DCS unit data and also a write data midpoint trigger  counter that performs the same function when data stored in the DCS unit, on the ground Location of three trigger-select inputs. Another explanation the structure of a DELVER DCS unit can be found in the Be Instruction Manual of this device, supplied by the manufacturer has been given and is referred to.

An embodiment of the invention utilizing such a DCS unit is illustrated in Figure 14 which shows the system configuration of a fully instrumented dummy, which embodiment is designed to evaluate simulated lesions that a human body may experience when involved in a collision accident, the collision accidents being simulated at different speeds and at different impact angles, with and without various types of test safety arrangements.

As typical sensors for such an anthropomorphic dummy, one-armed, two-armed and four-armed piezo-force sensors can be called soren. These force sensors include load gauges, force and moment load cells, accelerometers and ratio gyroscopes. Most of the measurements of the loading and load cells are arranged so that they can be used for a detailed analysis of leg, knee and hip injuries while also collecting physical information regarding the head, neck and chest area. In the illustrated embodiment, 64 channels of complete sensor bridge circuits, Zero adjustment Possibilities for incomplete bridge sensors, suggestions for 64 sensors and interface cabling for the sen sors and DCS units are used. The doll also has four rechargeable battery packs of sufficient power to allow all sensors and the eight DCS units to operate in the free test configuration for about 10 minutes. Each of the storage batteries shown in FIG. 14 supplies power to a plurality of DCS units. Furthermore, there are separate power channels for the memory power and additionally for other DCS functions as well as for sensors. A closed-loop power control unit responsive to a data-collected signal provided by the DCS units isolates the power source from all elements except the memory, the latter, therefore, to maintain the storage energy required for data storage. With this mode of operation, power is saved and the demand on the battery volume is lowered.

Referring to Fig. 14, the system has a calibration / diagnosis unit (CDU). This CDU unit is used prior to installing the DCS unit to make and verify the various settings for the DCS unit. Furthermore, as power sources for the dummy during all outgoing forced operations, including the Voreinstellun gene and check operations external batteries and AC sources can be used. These power sources can be used until immediately before the free accident or the test impact. This makes it possible to continuously charge all batteries located within the test doll or keep it in the charged state until it comes to the actual test accident.

A special cable can be used during the Forced pre-test operation to all analog outputs of the Access to DCS units. This cable for the analog Outputs is connected to an analogue monitor, which makes it the Subjects allowed the static and dynamic state each channel of the doll during the preparatory work in the Laboratory and in the test station before the actual test over check. This monitor provides the required information about the state of the system, as well as necessary to decide on a test termination. According to an off In accordance with the invention, the trigger inputs for the DCS units are merged and become a recapture circle, which is housed in the monitor  such a replenishment of all systems during the pre-tests to enable. This technique also allows a trans port of the doll in a de-energized state, wherein before the trans port a start-up sequence is realized, and where the doll for further pre-tests or for a test impact is struck.

In the illustrated embodiment, the doll gets one Start signal then, if during the flying away the doll one Holding wire breaks a wire loop, so at a Tren movement of the doll from a given reference Point. All eight start inputs are for the DCS units connected together and are about resistors at about +8 Volt of the battery located in the breast of the doll. This start input line becomes accessible to the start loop made, together with earth. Will now be at the start Pulled wire loop, about by separation of motorcycle and Sled or in the laboratory, then loses the starting line Make contact with Earth and generate DCS-A for all eight at the same time a start signal.

As shown in Figure 14, in the DCS module 64 are channels of bridge completion and sensor excitation (BCE), these circuits being on four boards each of which satisfies 16 sensors sending signals to two DCS units all circuit boards are in the control box ( Figure 12). Each of the 16 BCE channels of each circuit board has a bridge complete circuit that serves to complete sensor bridges. Each exciter circuit of the channels can be individually designed to deliver ± 5 volts or ± 2 volts of excitation voltage. The lower excitation voltage is particularly suitable for strain gauges on materials with low heat dissipation, so as to self-heating vermin countries.

As mentioned above, each BCE ladder contains plate circuits for monitoring and power switching the DCS unit so the connected sensors de-energized after both DCS units which of these BCE Associated with the disk, have finished collecting the data and moved to the data backup state. These But status monitoring and power switching can also be done on one Separate circuit board can be arranged in combination. In the manner described becomes the charge of the main battery and enable the main battery to the batteries of the DCS memory units during data processing support.

An interface to the BCE circuit boards is via verbin high density realized up to five lines per Channel (± signal, ± excitation, shielding), though the number of lines actually used is a function is the type of connected sensors.

The remote adjustment of all not fully occupied sensor bridges Channels can have a fixed resistor and potentiometer via one of the complete bridge resistors.

The built-in ± 8 volt batteries can be over the outside Batteries are connected in parallel, if the latter is on are closed. The two storage batteries in the doll are connected to the built-in or internal + 8 volt battery closed so as to get a suitable charge for a maximum To obtain performance during data processing. The external power lines of all DCS units are also connected directly to the internal + 8 volt battery.

The built-in batteries can essentially with a maximum current limit to be operated with these Batteries is achievable, according to the upright  Maintaining a specific voltage over a period of time span. Will the batteries be close to their current limit? drive, this reduces the demands on the battery Volume.

During the preparatory diagnosis, a determination of the measured data is made for all eight DCS units in order to check whether all channels show the desired power and transmission values. At this time, the AC source is connected, which charges a number of external batteries, which are also zusammenge together with the inner batteries of the doll, so as to achieve a full charge of all internal batteries. The eight DCS units are returned to their housings, numbers 1 , 3 , 4 and 6 on the right and numbers 2 , 5 , 7 and 8 on the left. Because the DCS units are turned off, the BCE boards do not provide power to the sensors.

The analogue monitor control box is in connection with the DCS Hinged modules. A voltmeter lies between earth and one test point for each DCS unit. A successful ini This is due to an increase of the current on the analogue Monitor for each sensor channel confirmed by the voltmeter ge rade is checked. The doll is then assembled and put in the test position. The connectors of the analog Mo nitor control box, the holding wire for the start signal, the outer battery connector and a ground wire remain with the Doll connected. Once the doll is in her right Test position is located, the start-up retaining wire on the doll attached. The performance monitor will be checked as well all channels checked again for their zero state. The Ver Connection with the analog monitor is then solved.

Now the accident simulation can begin. About a second de before the impact causes the forward movement of the doll an electrical separation of the external batteries from the doll, so that the doll only through the batteries in it  is operated. By the separation also becomes the starting wire subjected to a tensile force, bringing the DCS units is displayed that now carried out the accident measurement who must.

As the test progresses, the state switching system picks up the entire stream away from all sensors and the inner bat Terten supply electricity for the storage of the test data. While In the data acquisition, the connectors of the DCS units are removed and electrically with an intermediate or intermediate system (DRAPS) for data recording and playback those who record the data. The analog sensor data who then in the intermediate computer, as explained later, for the further processing on a magnetic tape as a data memory filed and passed these tape players.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16, methods and apparatus are provided for receiving and evaluating the consequences of various simulated accidents on the basis of corresponding sensor data and physical indication data, such as fractures Breakable elements or destruction of joints, each projected on human injury. Furthermore, the invention provides methods and devices by means of which it is possible to estimate the costs of possible human injuries.

The similarity of human injury with that of the test Doll won data can by translator, high speed keitsfilme and breakable doll parts are brought about. by Setters provide electrical output signals that are specific phy correspond to the physical parameters. These parameters include the acceleration, both translationally and rotorisch, as well as the rebound (linear) and forces. From these then many functions that cause injury, be derived, for example, bending moments, compressive loads  and the same. Specific transducers for accident test dummies are accelerometers in the head, displacement converter in the thorax, strain gauge on the leg bones and strain cells in the legs. In addition, the invention, how already mentioned, find application in conjunction with a doll, in which the legs are provided with elements that at Ein breaking levels that coincide with the breakage levels in humans. It is mainly about breakable Upper and lower leg bones, knees breaking when normal Joint stops are exceeded, and retractable hip joints.

When processing the sensor data and physical signals To calculate the possible levels of injury, Ver threshold threshold, which is the human level in the mechani corresponds to a certain behavior Violation does not occur, and above that a certain Injury occurs. In addition, there is an injury estimate value a human reaction level below which a specified significant injury is likely does not occur. The injury estimate may be based on the Acceleration of the head, facial injuries, bending of the neck, stretching, pushing and shearing on the neck, chest / Backbone acceleration; Compression of the chest, axial Pressure load of the thigh, relative displacement of the Thigh to tibia in knee joint, combined Ver bend and axial compressive load of the leg, compressive forces Middle and side of the tibia, compressive forces on middle and Obtain side of the ankle and knee injuries.

To get a meaningful estimate of the sensor data for injuries and to be able to meet costs, the doll must have a good lifelike quality so that their behavior (trajectories, Geschwin abilities, accelerations, deformations and forces) of the Ver keeping a person in the same test environment. Lifelongness refers to the simulation of man  characteristics in the structure of the doll (eg size, shape, Weight, weight distribution, stiffness, limb construction, energy absorption and energy consumption). The doll has to use gauges be assigned to the different types of injury zugeord measure reactions. The produced according to the invention Dolls fulfill these conditions.

In addition, injury estimates for different ver injuries are specified as measured pupal responses. (If the measurement of a pupal response is below theirs the injury estimate is the probability for the occurrence of the corresponding injury for a Fah similar size in the simulated accident environment as ge ring.) The possible levels of injury can then go up reason of the assumption of proportionality between the observations and the severity of the injuries that a person is taking same accident conditions would have resulted from the surveillance the various injury estimation parameters and the break Baren constituents are derived.

In one embodiment of the invention are converters for evaluation the injury associated with the head and chest used; Limb injuries are caused by obobach the reactions of the frangible bone elements, including monitors the breakable knee joints and deflectable hips, and by displaying the output signals of the limbs connected sensors. The estimation of head injuries about Attached to the head accelerometer includes the evaluation the maximum resultant of translational gravity acceleration in the center of the head, the mean value of the transla toric gravitational acceleration and maximum of rotation acceleration of the head. Another parameter for estimating Head injuries usually affect the head kende speed, with a higher speed up indicates a heavier injury. An important sensor for Determining the severity of breast injuries is the transducer of the Breastbone. Two functions for assessing injuries  are considered: maximum compression of the thorax and maximum Value of the product from compression and compression speed. The first criterion indicates rib fractures caused by collisions arise on the front of the chest. The second Kri Tendium recognizes the sensitivity of the breast and the inside of the thorax lying organs against the speed for Injury.

Injuries of the lower leg area are observed by observing physical damage to the tibia / fibula bone element appreciated. Injuries of the thigh can through Observing the physical damage of the breakable bone elementes can be estimated, and injuries of the knee can by observing the damage to the shear pins in the Anord tion and by observing the degree of deformation of the rubbery Component in the knee, which depends on the one experienced by the knee Rotation is to be estimated. The breaking of one or at the pins corresponds to the tearing of the ligaments. The breaking the pivot pin in the knee corresponds with sufficient certainty the complete extension of the knee. As described can use the extremities, including the arms and legs Instruments to be suitable for the estimation te sensor data and physical signals.

Referring to Fig. 15, the invention employs a module for calculating the injuries 401 and a module for calculating the costs 402 that are within a conventional host computer or external processor 300 , the values of the injuries and estimates of the costs based on the Sen sordaten and physical signals to calculate. FIG. 15 shows these processing modules residing in the host computer 300 . Another processing module, a module for calculating the movements 403 , may calculate head, body or limb movements based on the movement data generated by a doll after the invention.

Referring to Figures 15 and 16, injury / cost processing modules 401 , 402 correlate the physical signals and kinematic data generated by the sensors during a test crash with possible injury to a person in such a crash. and correlate the potential human injuries with potential economic costs associated with such event. These comparisons, correlations and possible costs can be stored within the host computer using known methods.

With reference to FIG. 16, the module may calculate the movements after execution of the simulated accident, storing the data, and transmitting the sensor data to the external processor (steps 501 and 502 ), particularly force / time, acceleration / time. Generate diagrams, and determine the maximum / mini male force and acceleration in time over the entire simulated accident sequence to determine the time points of Ge steering or bone failure, including breaks and tearing the joints (step 503 ). The injury calculation module then compares the sensor data with the stored correlations of force and acceleration to the injury level to calculate an injury level (steps 504 and 506 ). The injury calculation module calculates a possible level of human injury with physical indicators of injury levels, such as fractured joint parts and limb fractures (steps 505 and 506 ).

The cost calculation module then compares the calculated human injury level to the stored correction of economic cost violations (step 507 ) to calculate the potential cost of the simulated accident (step 508 ). These potential costs may be displayed or printed (step 509 ) to allow comparison of the simulated accident with other simulated accidents with different kinetic values or different safety features.

In one embodiment of the invention, the module uses Be Bill of Injuries a saved table containing a Series injury estimates and corresponding levels of Ver Loss severity lists. With the help of this tablet everyone will these areas of doll data described above for the Ver assigned severity. In this version, the Mo dul to calculate the cost conventional mathematical Opera with the values selected from this table in Ver Comply with the data on injury costs to get the full permanent costs of injuries due to accidents expected. To process the information generated in the doll Different cost models can be used, including damage model, injury assessment Priorities and consequential damages. Because of the inaccuracy and other deficiencies of existing models, the injury / Cost module according to an embodiment of the invention test deviations with the help of cost calculations according to a new equation in which the approximate accident costs for an individual given as follows:

CT = M _i + U (M _j + M _k ) + (R _{1, m} x F) + (P ₁ + A ₁ + E ₁ + L ₁ ) + (1 - R _{1, m} ) (D _n + D _o )

in which
CT = Crash Test / Injury Cost
M = medical costs
i = Index for the highest medical share
j = Index for the second highest cost of medical care
k = index for the third highest medical share
U = unknown percentage of the second and third costs (currently set at 1/3)
F = cost of a fatal accident
R = risk for a fatal accident
l = worst AIS injury (AIS ratings are based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale, the American Association for Automotive Medicine)
m = second worst AIS injury
P = public damage costs
A = administrative costs
E = costs for the emergency service
L = legal costs
D = costs due to a disability after n, O
n = index for the highest cost of disability
o = Index for the second highest cost component in the case of disability.

With this equation is tried, all aspects of a ge accident cost situation, which did neuter costs by body part and severity of injury to quantify and include disability costs. Both parts of the current models as well as the latest medi cost (by body part) currently available are are used.

Since a head injury is a significant aspect of trauma related to an accident, the doll of FIG. 1 preferably comprises a head mounted accelerometer for generating a head acceleration signal corresponding to the acceleration of the head. The injury calculation module 401 depicted in FIG. 15 then processes these signals and correlates the values corresponding to those signals with possible human injuries. The cost calculation module 402 receives the calculated data about the injury from the injury calculation module 401 and calculates possible economic costs resulting from the impacted collision. In this embodiment of the invention, the motion calculation module 403 may now use arithmetic operations to generate a plot of head movement over time during the crash, and calculate head minimum and maximum acceleration values during the crash. The motion calculation module 403 may further generate accelerations versus time and velocity versus time graphs. Furthermore, the doll comprises an accelerometer in the thorax region of the body for generating signals corresponding to the acceleration of the thorax. This acceleration data is transmitted to the host computer for further processing by the injury and cost calculation modules.

It can be seen that the invention, the Asked on effectively fulfilled. Of course, from the be written construction and the sequence of operations be replaced without departing from the scope of the invention. Description and drawings are intended to bring the invention closer purify and not limit them. The following patent Proverbs cover the generic term and specific characteristics of He and from the inherent field of invention.  

Translation of drawing labels

Fig. 12 onboard in the unit external external mounting box ( 26 ) Mounting housing ( 26 ) sensor sensors data signals data signals to exterior processor (post-test) to the external processor (after the test) operational power battery Battery for power supply Sensor / Control Sensors / Control Memory Storage Power from trolley batteries and external power supply Power from batteries and external power supply Fig. 13 @ user analog inputs analog inputs for the user user analog outputs analog outputs for the user event analogue output analog event output five user event inputs five event inputs for the user threshold circutry Threshold circuit trigger select Trigger selection external power input external power input status output status output rearm input adjusting input eight variable gain instrumentation amplifiers eight variable gain instrumentation amplifiers eight full range zero adjusters eight zero balances eight antialiasing lowpass filters eight anti-aliasing low pass filters event channel signal generator Event channel signal generator adjustable filter clock adaptable filter clock eight channel ADC Eight-channel A / D converter data buffer Data buffer data output data output variable threshold generator variable threshold generator ADC and memory controller A / D converter and memory monitoring 1 mbyte of nonvolatile memory 1 MB non-volatile memory main clock Master clock power sequence controller Current sequence monitoring rechargeable battery rechargeable battery Fig. 14 @ manikin mounted piezoresistive sensors piezoresistive sensors on the doll channels of bridge completion & sensor excitations (on 6 boards) completed bridge and sensor excitation channels (on 6 boards) channels of bridge offset nulling circutts Bridge offset adjustment circuit channels DCS units DCS units "DRAFTS" "Records" host computer Host computer chart recorder Chart recorder diag. diagnosis Cont. calibration analog monitor analog display power conditioner Power Conditioners Fig. 15 @ motion data Transaction data motion calculation module ( 403 ) Module for calculating movements force force acceleration acceleration deflection diffraction load burden fractured frangibles, ruptured joints broken breakable parts and joints injury calculation module ( 401 ) Module for calculating injuries correlation storage correlation memory cost calculation module ( 402 ) Module for calculating costs

Fig. 16 501 Performing the simulated test accident, storing the sensor data (including stress, deflection, force, acceleration, joint fracture) in onboard data storing and collecting elements 502 Transmitting the sensor data to external processing devices 503 Generating force / time, acceleration / time diagrams; Determining the maximum / minimum force and acceleration; Determine the timing of joint / bone failure fractures, joint fractures 504 Comparing the sensor data with stored correlations of force / acceleration to injury level 505 Record observed indicators of injury levels: broken joints, broken limbs 506 Calculate a possible human injury level 507 Compare the calculated human injury level with stored injury correlations at economic cost 508 Calculating possible costs of a simulated accident 509 Display / print computed potential costs of a simulated accident for comparison with possible costs of other simulated accidents using other kinetic values / safety equipment

Claims (41)

1. A device for simulating and evaluating the effects of an accident on a human, with
an anthropomorphic pupa for simulating the effects of an accident on humans, with sensors ( 23 , 24 ) distributed over the pupil, which speak of forces, accelerations, velocities and changes in the locomotion of parts of the pupa during the accident ( 1 ) act, and
with a data collecting and storing means ( 25 ) disposed in the doll ( 1 ) and having a circulation memory storing a selected amount of the data supplied by the sensors. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data collecting and storing means ( 25 ) comprises bridge members and sensor excitation elements for forming completed elec tric sensor bridges and for impressing a selected excitation voltage on certain sensors. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sensors bean Sprayer, accelerometer, load cells and / or potentiometers are. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the doll breaks bare limbs or limb parts possesses. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the doll with the breakable limb parts coupled voltage knife and / or load cells, these sensors in connection with the breakable limb parts the determination of multiple injuries.   6. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the doll for Simulating a human joint breakable joint has connections with electronic fraction detectors are provided for determining a fracture of the joint. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, in which the electronic Fracture detectors a rupturable conductive component in Series connection with a signal-generating component, wherein the conductive component breaks when the joint fractures, so that the signal generated by the signal generating component verän which indicates the break. 8. Sensor device for detecting physical events which act on a test object during a simulated accident
a plurality of sensors distributed over this test object and connected thereto for generating signals corresponding to the forces, accelerations or speeds acting on the test object during the simulated accident, and
a data collecting and storing device having a circular memory which stores a selected amount of data supplied by sensors. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the sensors bean Sprayer, accelerometer, load cells and / or potentiometers are. 10. Apparatus according to claim 8, with a power source for Supplying the sensors and / or the data collecting and storing device with electrical power. 11. The device according to claim 10, in which the power source min at least one electrical battery.   12. The device according to claim 8, in which the circulation memory a device that has a certain amount of data which is to be subsequently accessed by the Data collecting and storing device are stored should, with this particular amount of data being stored should, through a selected starting point and a selected limited end point, and with a trigger device that is electrically connected to the Circulation memory is connected to the circulating memory Start signal to transmit, which is the time starting point defined, wherein the trigger device of this start signal at a time that is approximately equal to the one the simulated accident. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the trigger A direction has a rip-off switch and elek is connected to the circulating memory to the over carrying the start signal when removing the test object from a specific reference point. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the power source comprises the following features:
at least one internal storage battery mounted in or on the test object,
an external power connection forming an electrical connection between the data collecting and storing device and an external power source for the test object to reduce the internal battery volume requirement, and
Device for selectively releasing the external power source before the simulated accident. 15. Device according to claim 10, in which the current source has the following features:
first storage battery for supplying the circulation storage with electrical energy,
second storage battery for supplying the sensors and / or parts of the data collecting and storing device with electrical energy, and
Closed-loop current control, which accordingly the operating state of the data collecting and storing the device selectively separates the second storage battery from the sensors and / or parts of the data collecting and storing device to save electrical energy and reduce the volume requirement for storage batteries. 16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein storing the data and collecting device has multiple data channels, where each data channel is a particular sensor from the set corresponds to the distributed over the object sensors. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein collecting the data and storing means sensor exciter elements for opening imprinting an excitation voltage on the data channels and / or bridges links for forming completed electrical sensor bridges having. 18. Device according to claim 16, in which the sensor excitation element Devices for imprinting a selected Erre gerspannung on each data channel, and the Brückenglie the devices for completing electrical sensor bridges including full bridges, three-quarters Bridges, half bridges and / or one quarter bridges. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, in which collecting the data and storing means means for changing the Configuration to add and / or to data channels subtract, modify the excitation voltage, sensors to modify and / or modify bridge configurations. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for Change the configuration switch to the Addie ren and / or subtracting the data channels, and / or modify  the excitation voltage, sensors and / or bridge configurations to enable. 21. Apparatus according to claim 8, with external displays located outside the test object, the device collecting and storing the data ver are connected to the data channels, power storage devices and / or or data store to query the operating state of the data to determine the collecting and storing device. 22. Device according to claim 21, in which the external displays have the following features:
Device for generating (i) status signals according to the operating state and / or (ii) data channel signals corresponding to the signal level of the data channels, and data transmission device for transmitting the status signals of the data channel signals to the external display. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the data transmission Setup a removable electrical display cable has. 24. The device according to claim 1, with an outside of the test object external data processing device, the ones electrically collecting and storing the data connected to the possible human injury in connection with the simulated accident in accordance with (i) sensor data generated by the sensors during the accident and / or (ii) the physical resulting from the accident Indicators, to calculate the physical indicators include the failure of the breakable parts. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the external data processing device comprises the following features:
Memory for previously determined correlations of human injuries with force, dislocations, velocities, accelerations and / or fractures of breakable parts, and means for comparing the sensor data or the physical indicators with these stored correlations. 26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the external data processing means a means for correlating the estimated potential human injury with possible economic costs in connection with the simulated Un to compare multiple simulated accidents facilitate. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein the means for correlating possible human injury with possible economic cost comprises:
Memory for the correlations of human injury with possible economic costs, and comparator means for comparing this estimated potential human injury with said stored prior determined correlations. 28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the doll has a head,
in which the sensors have at least one accelerometer for detecting the acceleration of the head in at least one direction and for generating a head acceleration signal corresponding to the acceleration of the head,
the means for collecting and storing data comprises means for collecting and storing the head acceleration signals, and
means for receiving head acceleration signals from the data collecting and storing means, and
a means for processing these head acceleration signals to calculate an estimated possible human injury due to the simulated accident. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the sensors more Accelerometer for detecting the acceleration of the Head in several axes and for generating Kopfbeschleuni transmission signals corresponding to this acceleration of the head in These axes include. 30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the doll has a Kör per having a thoracic region, wherein the thorax at least one accelerometer for generating the acceleration of the thorax corresponding signals and / or a potentiometer for generating the diffraction of the thorax ent having speaking signals. 31. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the circulation memory has a plurality of physically discrete storage elements, each of these memory elements being of a corresponding one Storage chamber is included, and with a fastening system that the variety of memory Chambers mounted so that they are substantially rigid mitein connected to other. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the doll has a Kör per with a thorax area, and the attachment system is located in this thorax area, where in this mounting system for recording the entire on number of storage chambers is designed. 33. Apparatus according to claim 31, in which the attachment system continues to have mating contacts in this Mounting system and are formed in the storage chambers, around the multitude of storage chambers with the fastening system to hold in their register position. 34. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the excitation voltage a positive and a negative voltage can be, being positive and negative excitation voltages from one range of values  between -5 and +5 volts DC, and averages of positive and negative excitation voltages between -2.5 and +2.5 volts DC versus ground potential in the data collecting and storing device is located. 35. The apparatus of claim 11, in which the batteries are loadable, and the power source has means for applying the Chargeable batteries substantially in the range of their largest possible operate electricity output, while a ausge period selected a substantially constant output voltage to maintain the batteries so that the total space required for batteries is reduced. 36. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the circulating memory comprehends several physically discrete storage elements, and the power source at least one electric battery summarizes, each battery has several storage elements in the da energy-collecting and storing device. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the power source is a Device with redundant power sources for the memory elements of the data collecting and storing device has. 38. Apparatus according to claim 37, in which this Einrich tion to provide redundant power sources little at least one electrically conductive supply cable, too little at least one of the storage chambers leads, has, and this Supply cable from an external power source electrical Can absorb power. 39. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the doll comprises:
Limbs having first or second portions and with joints forming articulating connections between the first and second portions of the limbs, wherein these articulations may simulate a human joint, and
a first moving part,
a second moving part,
Slot and pin means connecting said first and second moving parts and permitting limited movement therebetween as determined by passing said pin through said slot, and
rubbery components that lie in these slots between one of the parts and a pin and can increase elastically and increas- ingly the movement resistance of the other part relative to this first part in accordance with the movement of the pin through the slot, and the rubbery components beyond during the Accident can deform, this deformation provides information about the rotation of at least one of these parts during the accident. 40. The device of claim 1, wherein the doll simulated Bone has the structural behavior human simulate bone, with the simulated bones Reinforcements have differently oriented Ver strengthening patterns to multidirectional in different axes different strength and stiffness properties too essentially simulating the strength and stiffness Characteristics of human bones resemble. 41. Method for simulating and calculating the effects of a simulated accident on a human, characterized by Equipping an anthropomorphic doll with sensors for him Grasp forces, accelerations, speeds, runaways kinks, joint failure and / or fractures caused by parts of this pup be experienced during the simulated accident, and Configure a recycle store to save one selected amount of data generated by the sensors.