DE4035322A1 - Axial piston IC engine - incorporates piston with at least two stages each in combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The piston has five stages (14, 16, 18, 20) of which the first two (14, 16) oscillate in pre-compressor chambers (24, 26) whilst the third and fourth (18, 20) move in combustion chambers (28, 30). The pre-compressor chambers are connected to the combustion chambers via channels (32, 34) and grooves (36, 38) in the walling the first piston stage. The formation of the grooves in such that connection between the pre-compressor chambers and the combustion chambers occurs when the requisite pre-compression takes place. The first four piston stages move in piston cylinders (44, 46) and the section surrounding the combustion chambers (28, 30) is formed as a cylinder head (48, 50) provided with cooling ribs to dissipate heat. The fifth piston stage is arranged outside the piston cylinder, and consists of two parallel running plates (52) which serve as a guide for a driver component (56) via which the engine can be started. USE - Axial piston engine with a staged piston.

Description

The invention relates to an axial piston motor with a stepped piston has at least two piston stages, each arranged in a combustion chamber are, which in turn is connected to a pre-compressor room, of which Step piston a driver element that is displaceable perpendicular to its longitudinal axis goes out, which is eccentrically connected to a disc element, the one Starter is drivable.

An axial piston motor of the type described above is known (DE-OS 38 20 240.9). Axial piston motors have the advantage that u. a. those when burning gained power can be converted directly into mechanical work. Further For example, a stepped piston can be axially pierced, for example to allow fluid to flow through it pump without affecting the operation of the motor. The The axial piston motor described at the beginning can be started in a simple manner. From the stepped piston is displaceable perpendicular to its longitudinal axis Driver element, which is eccentric with a starter interacting disc element is connected.

The invention has for its object an axial piston machine of the beginning to further develop the type described so that the driver element in operation  of the axial piston motor for power transmission to a machine can be.

The object is achieved in that a on the driver element Push rod is pivotally mounted at one end, the other end at a piston is pivotally mounted, which is arranged displaceably in a cylinder which is connected to the axial piston motor. Through the driver element a force on the push rod during the reciprocation of the piston stages exercised, which is used for the reciprocation of a piston with which Work can be done. The one available for starting the axial piston machine Driver element with its inevitable displacement perpendicular to Direction of movement of the piston stages thus has in addition to the power transmission to the Step piston when starting an additional function in the power transmission from Step piston exists on a work machine. The driver element and the for Movement of the driver element perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the Stepped piston provided guide parts are therefore used several times. Under the above-mentioned swiveling mounting is to be understood to mean mounting on a shaft around which a swivel takes place within a certain angular range.

In particular, the piston and the cylinder are components of a piston compressor or a piston pump. With the piston compressor gases or vapors can be compressed. A piston pump or a piston compressor is preferably included the center line along the line of symmetry between two cylinder heads of the Axial piston motor arranged and connected to the housing of the axial piston motor. This results in a compact design. The push rod is with one End pivoted in particular in the middle of the driver element. The Driver element is between two parallel walls one in the middle between the force-producing piston stages arranged stepped piston. The parallel Walls are preferably connected at their ends by plates. At least on two sides, for example a side facing the work machine  and the side parallel to this, plates are provided, one of which is one Has recess for the passage of the push rod. To be symmetrical To achieve the structure of the reciprocating parts of the axial piston motor is other plate also provided with a recess of the same design.

It is also possible for two machines to be diametrically opposite one another Be articulated sides of the axial piston machine with push rods on the driver element. The push rods are then side by side with their ends facing away from the pistons mounted on a shaft in the middle of the driver element.

The shaft in the middle of the driver element is along the same center line as that Shaft of the disc element arranged.

To ensure a more even load on the axial piston motor despite the To achieve driver element, this is preferably with two from the step piston projecting shaft ends, which are eccentrically connected with disc elements, which are rotatably mounted. The waves of the disc elements can with Machines connected. In addition, it is possible on the waves of the Disk elements to arrange gears, each with other gears on one Shaft engaged. By choosing a suitable gear ratio Gears can achieve the desired speed for a particular machine will.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention do not only result from the claims and the partial features to be extracted from them - for themselves and / or in Combination - but also from the following description of in the drawing illustrated embodiments.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an axial piston motor along a horizontal plane,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the axial piston motor of FIG. 1 along a vertical plane,

Fig. 3 is a section along the lines II of the axial piston motor shown in Fig. 2.

In Fig. 1, a longitudinal section of an axial piston motor ( 10 ) is shown, which has a stepped piston ( 12 ). The step piston ( 12 ) comprises piston steps ( 14 ), ( 16 ), ( 18 ), ( 20 ) and ( 22 ). The piston stages ( 14 ) and ( 16 ) vibrate in pre-compression chambers ( 24 ) and ( 26 ) and the piston stages ( 18 ) and ( 20 ) in combustion chambers ( 28 ) and ( 30 ). The Vorverdichterräume (24) and (26) via channels (32) and (34) as well as into existing in the wall of the stepped piston (12) circumferential recesses such as grooves (36) and (38) with the combustion chambers (28), (30 ) connected. The longitudinal extent of the grooves ( 36 ) and ( 38 ) is such that the channel ( 34 ) or ( 32 ) connects to the pre-compression chamber ( 24 ) or ( 26 ) to the combustion chamber ( 28 ) or ( 30 ) when the required pre-compression has taken place. The combustion chambers ( 28 ) and ( 30 ) also have outlet openings ( 40 ) and ( 42 ).

The piston stages ( 14 ), ( 16 ), ( 18 ) and ( 20 ) move in piston cylinders ( 44 ) and ( 46 ), the section surrounding the combustion chambers ( 28 ) and ( 30 ) as a cylinder head ( 48 ) or ( 50 ). The cylinder heads ( 48 , 50 ) are rigidly connected to one another by fastening means.

The piston stage ( 22 ) is arranged outside the cylinder ( 44 ) or ( 46 ), specifically in the plane of symmetry to the piston stages ( 14 ) and ( 16 ) or ( 18 ) and ( 20 ). The piston stage ( 22 ) preferably consists of two disks ( 52 ) and ( 54 ) running parallel to one another, which serve as a guide for a driver element ( 56 ) via which the axial piston motor ( 10 ) is started. For this purpose, the driver element ( 56 ) has cuboid sections ( 58 ) which come to lie between the disks ( 52 ) and ( 54 ). Parallel to the mutually facing surfaces ( 60 ) and ( 62 ) of the disks ( 52 ) and ( 54 ) run sides ( 64 ) and ( 66 ) of the section ( 58 ) of the driver element ( 56 ) and each have flat bearings ( 68 ) and ( 70 ), whereby there is a sliding support against the walls ( 60 ) and ( 62 ). External sections ( 72 ) of the driver element ( 56 ) are designed as bolts which engage in roller bearings ( 76 ), which in turn are arranged in eccentric discs ( 74 ). The eccentric discs ( 74 ) are arranged on a disc element ( 78 ) which has a toothed ring ( 80 ) on the outside. A starter ( 82 ) engages in a gearwheel in order to set the associated disk elements ( 78 ) and thus the eccentric disk ( 74 ) into a rotational movement. The disc element ( 78 ) is in turn fixed in a bearing block ( 84 ) via a shaft ( 86 ). The shaft ( 86 ) can also be used as an output shaft.

If the disk element ( 78 ) is now set in rotation via the starter ( 82 ), the driver element ( 56 ) executes a movement on a circle, which is composed of a movement running perpendicularly and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stepped piston ( 12 ). The flat bearings ( 68 ) and ( 70 ) result in a low-friction movement along the surfaces ( 60 ) and ( 62 ) forming the guide walls in order to simultaneously force a lifting movement on the stepped piston ( 12 ). As a result, combustion media are precompressed or compressed to the required extent, as a result of which the axial piston motor ( 10 ) is started.

The driver element ( 56 ) has a shaft ( 88 ) in its center, which is arranged between the cuboid sections ( 58 ). The end ( 90 ) of a push rod ( 92 ) is pivotally mounted on the shaft ( 88 ) and extends into the space outside the disks ( 52 , 54 ) and can be pivoted with its other end ( 94 ) inside a piston ( 96 ) is stored. The ends ( 90 ) and ( 94 ) have unspecified bearings, via which connections to the shaft ( 88 ) and a shaft ( 98 ) are made within the piston ( 96 ).

The piston ( 96 ) is movably arranged in a cylinder ( 100 ), the housing ( 102 ) of which is connected to the cylinder heads ( 48 ) and ( 50 ). Another rigid connection for the cylinder heads, which is not shown, is located on the side of the cylinder heads ( 48, 50 ) opposite the housing ( 102 ).

The piston ( 96 ) and the cylinder ( 100 ) with the housing ( 102 ) are components of a work machine ( 104 ), which can be a piston compressor or a piston pump. The piston compressor has a cylinder head ( 106 ) in which a pressure valve and a suction valve are arranged, which are schematically represented by arrows ( 108 ) and ( 110 ).

The two disks ( 52 ) and ( 54 ) are rigidly connected to one another by plates ( 112 , 114 ) which each run between the upper and lower ends of the disks ( 52 , 54 ). In the upper plate ( 112 ) there is a recess, not shown, through which the push rod ( 92 ) projects.

During the lifting movement of the stepped piston ( 12 ), the driver element ( 56 ) also executes lifting movements due to the rotatable mounting of the disk element ( 78 ), which are directed transversely to the lifting movement of the stepped piston ( 12 ). The push rod ( 92 ) transmits a force to the piston ( 96 ) which is moved back and forth in the cylinder ( 100 ) and does work, controlled by the pressure valve and the suction valve ( 108 ) or ( 110 ). A piston machine can therefore be driven in a simple manner by the stepped piston ( 12 ). The driver element ( 56 ) with the sections ( 72 ), the roller bearings ( 76 ), the disc element ( 78 ), the eccentric disc ( 74 ) and the bearing blocks ( 84 ) are used not only when starting the axial piston motor but also during operation. While a force is transmitted from the driver element to the piston stage ( 22 ) during starting, the power transmission is reversed during operation of the stage piston ( 12 ).

Instead of a push rod ( 92 ), two push rods can be mounted offset on the shaft ( 88 ).

An additional piston in a cylinder is connected to the other push rod.  

Push rod, cylinder and piston belong to another work machine, which is diametrically opposite the work machine ( 104 ). This enables a compact structure to be achieved between an engine, the axial piston machine, and working machines.

The shaft ( 88 ) is arranged along the same center line ( 116 ) as the sections ( 72 ).

In order to give the stepped piston ( 12 ) greater strength in the middle, further plates can be provided in addition to the plates ( 112 , 114 ), which connect the disks ( 52 , 54 ) to one another on their other sides. These disks contain passages for the sections ( 72 ).

Gears ( 118 ) can preferably be arranged on the shafts ( 86 ), which mesh with gears ( 120 ) which are rotatably mounted on a shaft ( 122 ). The shaft ( 122 ) is connected, for example, to another machine whose speed is determined by the gear ratio ( 118 , 120 ).

The axial piston motor ( 10 ) can be designed for operation with diesel oil, gasoline or gas. In addition to the working machine ( 104 ), another working machine can be fastened on the end face of the axial piston motor. It is also possible to attach machines to both ends of the axial piston motor ( 10 ). These additional working machines are in particular compressors, water pumps, hydraulic pumps or vacuum pumps.

The cylinder heads ( 48, 50 ) are arranged on both sides of a line of symmetry ( 124 ) which is also the center line of the working machine ( 104 ). The center line here means the line running along the cylinder axis of the cylinder ( 100 ).

It should also be pointed out that the working rail provided with the reference number ( 104 ) can also be moved from another surface, e.g. B. the diametrically opposite can go out. It should also be noted that an internal combustion engine can also be connected to the piston rod ( 94 ), which has a structure which corresponds to the internal combustion engine described above.

Claims (7)

1. Axial piston engine with a stepped piston, which has at least two piston stages, each of which is arranged in a combustion chamber, which in turn is connected to a pre-compression chamber, the stepped piston starting from a driver element which can be displaced perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis and is eccentrically connected to a disk element which can be driven by a starter, characterized in that on the driver element ( 56 ) a push rod ( 92 ) with its one end ( 90 ) is pivotally mounted, the other end ( 94 ) is pivotally mounted on a piston ( 96 ) which is slidably arranged in a cylinder ( 100 ) which is connected to the axial piston motor ( 10 ). 2. Axial piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston ( 96 ) and the cylinder ( 100 ) are components of a piston compressor or a piston pump. 3. Axial piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston pump or the piston compressor are arranged with their center line along the line of symmetry ( 124 ) between two cylinder heads ( 48 , 50 ) of the axial piston motor ( 10 ) and connected to its housing. 4. Axial piston motor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push rod ( 92 ) is pivotally mounted in the center of the driver element ( 56 ). 5. Axial piston motor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver element ( 56 ) between two disks ( 52 , 54 ) of the stepped piston ( 12 ) is slidably mounted and that the disks ( 52 , 54 ) through at least on two sides Plates ( 112 , 114 ) are interconnected. 6. Axial piston machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that two working machines are each articulated on diametrically opposite sides of the axial piston machine ( 10 ) with push rods on the driver element ( 56 ). 7. Axial piston machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shaft ( 88 ) in the middle of the driver element ( 56 ) along the same center line ( 116 ) as bolt-like sections ( 72 ) is arranged, which is of the driver element ( 56 ) protrude outwards and are rotatably mounted in eccentric discs ( 74 ), each of which is connected to a rotatably mounted disc ( 78 ).