DE3914580A1 - Insulated electrical cable which is suitable for electricity consumption and supply in a simple manner at any desired point along the entire cable - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of conventional cables, electricity is supplied at the start of a cable and the electricity distribution takes place mainly at its end. With its many production forms, the new cable provides the possibility for supplying and distributing electricity at any desired point. This new inner-outer contact cable, with the single-phase illustration in Fig. 3, has inner-outer contacts (4) and a spacer zone (6) which is filled, with the exception of the contact region, with permanently elastic material (5). When suitable pressure is applied, with the aid of a clamping-on device or an electricity extraction clip, a conductive electrical connection is produced firstly to the neutral conductor (8) and then to the phase conductor (live conductor) (7), and electricity can be extracted. This cable can be produced in various forms and in consequence has numerous application possibilities for installations domestically, in agriculture, in business and industry, both for stationary and mobile operation. <IMAGE>

Description

Insulated electrical cable, suitable for Power consumption and feed in a simple way anywhere along the entire cable.

The invention relates to an insulated electrical Cable that offers the possibility of any Place to drain electric current from the inside out ten, for stationary as well as mobile electrical Electricity consumers or vice versa, can also electricity in the cable can be introduced. This is here as indoor External contact cable named, is said to be both retired, as well as in the operating state, the required Dielectric strength and safety against contact what is not necessary when it comes to small chips act. It must be ensured that the im Outer sheath of the cable existing contacts that reaching both inside and outside, absolutely are cast or embedded moisture-proof and generally outside, to protect against accidental contact tion, have a good cable termination. In addition, may it only with a certain force, on this contacts may be that after compressing the Cable, good contact with the inner conductor too comes so that electricity can be dissipated to the outside can.

It is known that by means of bare overhead lines for Rail vehicles and buses or in show operation ben, with the help of current collectors, electricity for Electric vehicles can be removed. By special terminals, can also generate electricity from power leading insulated cable cores, tapped will. Lately there are also lamps for lighting purposes, on bare cables with small chips supply. With conventional cables in general, power can be fed in at the beginning and at the end of the cable Electricity will be taken for distribution, or will be in  Route of the cable, using a permanently installed branch cans or sockets, electricity branched off. There are also con tact cables and contact mats on the ground, the z. B. Open doors, count vehicles, or when acting perform switching operations of a force. Here is general to say that these normal previous cables, the An closure of moving electric vehicles or the Ein set of mobile electricity consumers, do not allow. Execution of tapping points or branch points or ver laying jobs or machines a great deal of time, money and material where always involves a large amount of assembly work.

This invention is based, also in Range of cables to provide a solution to it allows, at any point, with a smaller one or larger clamp branch device, on fast Way to tap electricity, or in appropriate cases using specially designed power take-off brackets, also electricity for electric vehicles or mobile electricity to derive consumers.

The object is achieved in that in a plastic cable, on the outer sheath at necessary intervals, current contacts are attached, which go both outside and inside, Fig. 1. These so-called neutral contacts are by a relatively tight cable termination, after protected against contact on the outside. Inside the cable are the phase conductors, which have the necessary distance from the inside-outside contacts in the idle state. From the stand is achieved by foam rubber, soft rubber or other permanently elastic materials. Only in the area of the contacts, there is a recess in each case so that contact formation is possible. The connection at any point, takes place with stationary consumers, with a Stromabnahme-Klemmvorrich device or with movable consumers, with suitable current take-off brackets. The connection and disconnection takes place in the load-free state, it is important that no sparks and scorching spots can form, and the neutral or protective conductor contact is always formed first before contact is made with the phases in order to avoid contact voltages. The Mpkts. or neutral conductor always has a continuous conductive profile, while the inner phase conductor contacts are present at the desired intervals, ie they have interruptions. When connecting or putting on the pantograph, the contact to the neutral conductor is already present when the contact formation with the phase conductors begins, Fig. 1 ( 8 ) and Fig. 3 ( 8 ). For reasons of stability, there is a second continuous neutral profile inside the cable, with this flat three-phase cable. With such cables outdoors, it may be necessary to drain the free space Fig. 1 ( 2 ) and Fig. 3 ( 2 ) through round openings at regular intervals. With all internal-external contact cables, the contacts and the neutral rails can be executed in all suitable profiles, e.g. B. H-shaped as shown in the drawings, or rectangular or X-shaped. Basically, all conductors have to be cast or embedded perfectly. Rivet-shaped contacts also promise a good termination option for the inside-outside contacts. For wider flat cables, small bars must be injected in the inner contact space for stabilization. This is particularly necessary for wide distribution or branch plastic plates.

In the embodiment of the invention, a special development course conceivable, but always the Distance zone, between the inner-outer contacts and the actual conductors inside the cable, the important reason location forms. With today's technical possibilities ten, is both the sealing of the inner-outer contacts not a big problem, as is keeping the distance of the two systems in retirement, through appropriate materi alien. The criterion for cables lying on the floor, is the appearance of people. Due to this load, may still no contact is made. The existing degree bulge, prevents contact voltage when in sol  In some cases, the contacts briefly assume voltage should. Are such internal-external contact cables such. B. on Walls mounted in machine or department stores with eyelets, So the insulation strength is not so high demand, such as protection against contact. On the other hand need such cables that are in the street for electric driving are present, absolutely tight, a high isola resistance and good protection against accidental contact sen. Of course, this also applies to overhead lines and Illu Mination lighting with the 3-contact zone, phase conductor, Neutral conductor and protective conductor, where, for example, iso is good must be liert, but not so high at the contact pressure Requirements are made.

The advantages achieved with this type of cable are available all in that it is possible to use electrical energy to transport and anywhere, on quick way to connect consumers or to branch off or feed. You don't have to do that Strip the cable, install junction boxes or sleeves en. You can connect without stress and that at klei consumers, such as burners with simple clamps units and for large consumers, with larger three phase clamping units, u. U. with downstream scarf or fuses. The inside-outside contacts have ent speaking size and distance to each other, that a Consumer can be connected without neighboring Beard contacts along the line, accept voltage can. The invention is also a basic mechanical con accept even larger currents from an isolated, lead out electrical cables. In today's tech niche time, it is simply necessary to have electricity through one Pass insulation jacket through, so you get a better one Exploitation potential reached. It is conceivable that the area of application for electric vehicles has also been expanded by combining gasoline and electric drive. You could build shorter or longer cable runs to Withdrawing electricity, but also for quick charging of Car batteries. So far it is not otherwise possible to use electricity to pass through an insulating jacket. Advantages  which are used in the following areas result in:

• a) Illuminated lighting at fairgrounds in the streets area, as well as in buildings and on land, at in the air on walls or on the floor, cables laid. Job supply with many delivery points. It can also use iso contact plates as wall distributors serve.
• b) Ring lines or on the wall and in air Lines, in factory halls, sales halls, warehouses or shop windows where fuel at any point branches or machines are.
• c) supply of campsites, barracks or residential areas, with massaged tapping points, where connections can be produced quickly and inexpensively. The In these cases, ISO contact cables usually have a Injected steel tension rope.
• d) Prov. Connections on construction sites, in factories, in the show business and at home, where this Iso-Kon tact cable also outdoors, on the walls or on the Floor can be laid. This also includes extension erungskabel z. B. every 60 cm, one to the outside have leading, neutral contact.
• e) Connection of mobile electricity consumers, by Stromab handles that are guided in the cable. Because of the esp seren stability, the inside-outside contact cable is too still installed in a guide rail, e.g. B. in the street room where the operation is robust and the cable u. U. is laid in a recessed channel. One can in factories or sawmills, cables with side Imagine the bracket, where machines and vehicles long the cable. Suitable routes, with the use of the inside-outside contact cable for electrical operation, on the streets on the rails and in what introduce it. For watercraft with electric drive would have to pull the power cable out of the water be lifted, and a contact wheel because of the current removal. This cable would also have to be mech anic reinforcement include a steel cord. Also in spa or pedestrian trains, electric vehicles could  be used, the inner-outer contact cable can also be partially laid in contact channels, so they are safe to touch and not damaged that can. There are also applications for recreational and traffic training areas, with appropriate electrical cars are used.
• f) Outside the hand area or if extra-low voltage is used, the cable type according to FIG. 2 is possible, where the internal and external contacts are not additionally insulated from the outside. It can be used in large vehicles, in cars or in principle outdoors outside of the hand area. The contact part accessible from the outside can also be covered here or stripped with an insulating adhesive. Only if necessary, the insulating adhesive is removed at the point where a consumer is to be connected.
• g) In some cases, the solution that the inner-outer contacts close through the inner insulating section by pressure with the electrical conductor contact is not unconditional. In these cases, it is sufficient for the phase neutral and protective conductors to be embedded in a recessed groove in the insulating cable, FIG. 4. However, these cables must then, through a tongue or a bead, or through small rubber or plastic profiles, Fig. 14 u. Fig. 15, which is pressed along the Ka bels in the somewhat conical recess, as protection against accidental contact or the penetration of undesirable substances. In the area of a consumer junction, z. B. a small piece of the rubber profile. This type of cable can often be used indoors for the connection of burning points, electrical devices and machines.

Embodiments of the invention are in drawings shown.

It shows, Fig. 1, an internal-external contact cable in cross section and in flat form. In the contact area, the cable termination ( 1 ) is designed in the form of a bead. It could also be possible to overlap the degree against accidental contact. A third solution would be to leave an approximately 3 mm wide and 3 mm deep contact channel and to design this channel slightly conical, so that it decreases outwards so that a small round, or otherwise shaped rubber or plastic profile can be pressed into this channel , which then remains in the idle state. At any point where a consumer is to be connected, a corresponding profile piece can be taken out. The same naturally also applies in the area of the Mp neutral and protective conductor. The free space ( 2 ) is used so that the end tongue ( 1 ) can move inwards when a consumer is connected. The inside-outside contact ( 4 ) can have different shapes. It is important that it has good contact surfaces and is absolutely tight in the outer jacket ( 3 ). It can be injected at the manufacturing process. However, it can also be pressed into the outer jacket with a special shape, with the addition of a special adhesive. The contact distance must always be determined as required. It must be at least so large that the adjacent contacts cannot accept any voltage during operation. The contact distance ( 6 ) to the inner conductor is held by a permanent insert and would need z. B. at 220 volts, at least 5 mm. Of course, instead of a foam, a rubber profile of appropriate strength can also be selected, which is punched out in each case so that contact formation is not impeded when printing. The phase conductor ( 7 ) must be cast in firmly so that good contact is achieved when pressed together. The Mp or protective conductors are reached first when connecting, which is absolutely necessary. Of course, it is also sufficient in particular for stationary connections if, instead of the continuous opening along the cable, there is only a small opening on the outer jacket at each contact. If a connection point is not required for a contact, this point can be closed with a rubber plug Fig. 14 or insulating adhesive, Fig. 12. For many cases, the cable can also be manufactured so that the contacts, each with an approximately 1 mm thick plastic skin, Fig. 13, closes the cable and only at the points where a connection comes into question are the holes prepared before perforated, which are also marked. In many cases it will also be a cable with a phase, a middle point and a protective conductor, whereby only in the phase, the inner-outer contacts are spaced apart. The existing phase or phase inside the cable, here z. B. an H-profile are available throughout. The internal and external Mp and protective conductors are also available in a continuous profile. The Mp conductor is double here for reasons of symmetry and stability. However, it need not be duplicated, as shown in FIG. 3.

In Fig. 2, a three-phase cable is shown in cross section, where the inner-outer contacts, which are neutral in the idle state, arranged outside and easily accessible. You could also cover the contacts here with insulating glue and free only the contacts that are required for the various branches. For example, contacts in the form of rivets would provide a good sealing option. For cables with no high demands, it is also possible to press the contact rivets into the outer sheath during cable production if the inner rivet head is only small and is sealed with a special adhesive. The soft rubber or plastic profile for the distance zone is punched out in the area of the contacts. This cable can be used especially in the area of extra-low voltage and outside the hand area. It represents the smallest cross-sectional design of the internal-external contact cable. In FIG. 3, a single-phase cable in round shape is shown in cross-section, where the contacts are also covered with insulating tongues and all conductors lie on one line. This has the advantage that that the neutral conductor when reaching or tapping is reached first, and only has to be present as a rail or conductor.

In Fig. 4, a three-phase cable in flat construction is also drawn in cross section. There is only a deepened protection zone against accidental contact. The internal-external contacts and the contact zone that can be pressed together are therefore missing. This cable can also be used in dry rooms and especially outside the hand area.

In Fig. 5, a flat three-phase cable is shown in cross section, where the conductors are also drawn in an H shape. The conductors are covered with insulating tape to protect against accidental contact. Here is also primarily intended for use indoors, outside the hand area and with multiple branches, as well as for installations with low voltage.

In FIGS. 6, 7, 8 three- and four-wire round cable are shown in cross-section one. Here, as it were, a small connection space or connection zone ( 1 ) on the conductors is injected into the cable sheath. Since such cables do not have to be stripped, the bare round conductors can be injected directly into the outer sheath during production. To make a branch, the outer skin simply has to be pierced or drilled with the contact screw. There is a precise marking on the outer skin of the cable so that the conductors can be recognized easily, so that confusion is avoided and the branch screws to be screwed in have a central, good fit on the conductors. The injected connection zone can be continuous along the cable. So that the cables are better waterproof along, or for certain uses, it is better if this small connection zone ( 1 ) only at certain intervals z. B. 10 or 50 cm is available. Here too, the good marking on the outer skin is very important so that, for example, a branch clamping ring can be placed precisely. This cable can also be manufactured in a flat design instead of a round shape. These cables can be used outdoors in buildings and especially when laying underground. A great advantage is the quick branch option without stripping.

In Fig. 9, a single-core flat cable is presented in cross section. Of course, it can also be multi-core. The small ne connection space ( 1 ) can be continuous along, but also at desired intervals. In this example, the conductor is rectangular to make the cable as flat as possible. This type of cable has versatility, e.g. B. also with distributions and multiple branches.

In FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, the individual solutions are also in cross section to the conclusion of the cables in the area of the circuit represented. Fig. 10 shows a tongue-shaped termination of the cable above the conductor. This can be the phase conductor, Mp or neutral conductor or the internal-external contacts. This longitudinal opening is particularly suitable for current draw with movable current collectors. Fig. 11 shows the cover by means of insulating tape, wherein the phase conductors may be connected to the surface of the outer casing also aligned. Fig. 12 shows a sunken conductor, which can be free in the case of internal-external contacts. In the case of spacing openings, insulating round adhesive can be attached at the end, and insulating adhesive tapes for longitudinal openings. Fig. 13 shows the homogeneous termination at Lei ter with a connection zone. As already mentioned, symbols are attached to the outside of the cable so that a branch can be executed precisely. In the case of individual openings, a flat metal piece can also be inserted into the connection zone so that the contact pressure exerted by the connection screw on the conductor is taken up by the existing outer skin. Fig. 14 shows a longitudinal profile, which can be pressed in for sealing. In the case of individual openings, this can also be a rubber or plastic plug. Fig. 15 shows that a round end profile can also be pressed into the dovetail-shaped recess. The cable terminations of FIG. 10 to FIG. 15, it depends primarily on the intended use of the cable and thereby also the economy and security plays an important role. The nominal voltage used or whether stationary or mobile power consumers are connected is also corresponding.

Claims (10)

1. Insulated electrical cable, with the ability to draw current and feed in a simple manner, at any point along the entire cable, characterized in that in the outer jacket of a cable Fig. 1, so-called internal-external contacts ( 4 ), so neutral contacts available are that reach into the interior of the cable with one contact part and have the other contact part on the outside of the cable. By means of suitable, insulated, permanently elastic materials ( 5 ), the not very short contact distance to the live conductor in the cable ( 7 ) is maintained with a distance zone ( 6 ). Only the area for contact formation is left out. With an appropriate pressure z. B. by an Anklemmvor direction on the inside-outside contact, the distance zone is bridged and there is an electrical connec tion to the inner conductor ( 7 ), so that current to the outside can be discharged or fed from the outside. The distance between the internal and external contacts must always be so large that adjacent contacts cannot assume any voltage when they are pressed together. 2. Insulated electrical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in the longitudinal region of the cable, the inner-outer contact at its outer contact part, through different types of cable terminations, who can keep the with the solutions, Fig. 10 to Fig. 15. In Fig. 10, it is a tongue-shaped design of the outer jacket. Fig. 11 brings the seal for internal contact with a longitudinal insulating tape, because a contact part is on the outside. Fig. 12 is a conclusion from the deepened contact, also with insulating tape. Fig. 13. Here forms a homogeneous finish above the deepened contact, ie the outer skin is still 1 to 2 mm thick and this takes place at Making the cable. In Fig. 14, the small longitudinal section is dovetail-shaped so that a corresponding profile can be pressed. In Fig. 15, the longitudinal cutout is also trapezoidal in shape so that a circular profile can be pressed. 3. Insulated electrical cable according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the inner-outer contacts do not have access through a longitudinal opening, along the entire cable, but only in the area of these contacts themselves, ie the recessed inner-outer contacts have a Small cylindrical opening to the outside and the closure also takes place, as shown in Fig. 10 to Fig. 15, which can be a round or rectangular recess or opening. In the case of a circular opening, a tongue of circular design results in FIG. 10. In Fig. 11 it is a circular insulating adhesive. Fig. 12 also a circular adhesive. In Fig. 13 it is a homogeneous circular closure of the outer skin, these points are always well marked when spraying the cable. In Fig. 14 it is a rubber stopper. Fig. 15 with spherical or cylindrical rubber. 4. Insulated electrical cable with claims 1-3, characterized in that the inner-outer contacts protrude with the outer part above the outer cable sheath. Fig. 2 ( 1 ). Instead of an H-shaped round profile, the contact can also be made in the form of rivets or other suitable profiles. In the case of the continuous center conductor, a possible safekeeping with insulating adhesive can take place longitudinally and the inside-outside contacts can be covered with insulating round adhesive. The solution according to FIG. 2 can be used in particular in dry rooms outside the hand area or when using low voltage. 5. Insulated electrical cable according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the solution shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, can also be produced in many other forms, for. B. as an internal-external contact distributor u. Branch plates for places where a cluster of branch u. Connection points is available. 6. Insulated electrical cable according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the distance zone Fig. 1 ( 6 ) between the inner-outer contacts and the voltage-carrying conductors in the cable are not made and maintained by soft rubber, foam and other permanently elastic substances can, but by enclosed in small chambers, gaseous substances, ie the enclosed air layer must be compressed so that an electrical connection is established. 7. Insulated electrical cable according to claim 1-6, characterized in that the distance zone Fig. 1 ( 6 ) between the inner-outer contacts and the voltage-carrying conductor in the cable for establishing an electrical connection with small, movable, mechanical components is bridged and by magnetic action from the outside, the water part can be a magnetically responsive spring. 8. Insulated electrical cable according to claim 1-7, characterized in that there are also possible uses, for a cable, which is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Here, the sealing zone serving for sealing and safety is omitted Fig. 1 ( 6 ) because z. B. in dry rooms, only protection against accidental contact must be available. Here, the center conductor must also be well marked, that a confusion between neutral conductor and phase conductor is excluded when inserting a branch terminal or clamping device. Here is also the continuous longitudinal opening, on the outside of the cable for the possible access to the contacts and the waterproofing processing, or the termination is also shown in FIG. 10 to FIG. 15 are possible. Likewise, the cable can also be made in the form that only over the respective phase or Mpkt. Ladders that are continuous, round or small, elongated openings are present, as in claim 3 and the corresponding end caps or parts are used. The solution according to Fig. 5, in particular when using small clamping voltage thought or out of the reach. Insulation tapes can be used if insulation is required. 9. Insulated electrical cable according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the solutions shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 can bring a great advantage, in particular assembly advantage. These are 1- or 3-phase arrangements or single-core cables, for laying in air in the ground or in buildings. Here, too, the openings or cavities between the outer skin and the conductor, longitudinally leading prepared cavities Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 ( 1 ), are of great help, because only the outer skin has to be pierced to this opening so that the cable can be easily tapped to attach a clamp. Also, it does not always have to be a small longitudinal cavity ( 1 ), but here, too, there can be cylindrical, rectangular openings to the cable core at the desired intervals, because it is often sufficient if there are connection options at certain intervals are. In particular, the phase position, or the point for the connection points, as well as the neutral conductor or center conductor, must be clearly identified by symbols already during the manufacture of the cable. It is possible with these cables to inject the solid, bare round copper or aluminum conductors directly into the cable sheath during manufacture, because the cable does not have to be stripped at any point afterwards. A particularly universal to be used single-core cable, that is shown in Fig. 9 and that in a flat design with a rectangular conductor. This type of cable can also be manufactured with multiple phases. 10. Insulated electrical cable according to claims 1-9, characterized in that in the round cable Fig. 3, the two neutral and phase conductors are arranged diametrically. Here too, the longitudinal terminations in the area of the internal-external contacts and the neutral conductor can be carried out using the termination solutions, FIGS . 10 to 15. It is therefore structurally guaranteed that when the clamping device or the current take-off bracket is inserted, contact is first made with the neutral conductor rail.