DE3901510A1 - Method of revitalising silvicultural plantings by applying a fertiliser of fungal biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of revitalising silvicultural plantings by applying a fertiliser of fungal biomass.

Description

The invention relates to a method for revitalizing forestry crops by using a fungal biomass fertilizer. This procedure will mainly used for the revitalization of spruce cultures, which are Incorrect management and / or environmental pollution in their vitality are limited.

Large parts of our forests are through monoculture, forest way, stray tion and, in recent decades, mainly through the entry of Show substances impaired in their vitality. Under the term "forest The totality of all vitality impairments is combined caught.

The causes of forestry striving are manifold. An exact science proof that a particular pollutant or special as the sole cause can be cited so far not yet succeeded. Also the climate (drought, frost, etc.) becomes frequent called as the triggering factor. The higher rainfall in the current Year actually have a slight improvement in the conifers brought. Of great importance is the nitrate entry, up to 50 kg / ha are measured on unfavorably exposed surfaces. Of course so that the entire nutrient balance in the soil is in disorder. On Nitrogen oversupply ultimately leads to a mobilization of the rest Nutrients and thus sooner or later exhaustion, depending on the location single nutrient elements. Undisputed is the lack theory in the Magne fertilization could in all cases improve the health be achieved state of health.

Another major cause of forest striving is in the increase to see the acidification of the forest floor. For that is undisputed the Entry of sulfur and nitrate responsible. The result is one increased leaching of calcium, magnesium and potassium. also  become the living conditions for soil bacteria and soil fungi deteriorated.

Oxidants are also considered a cause of damage. Although so far it was not possible to give an exact proof, so dorch speaks very much much for ozone to contribute to poor health Forest.

Of late, biological and epidemiological ones are also becoming increasingly common Factors considered. The accumulation of raw humus leaves at least at a reduced activity of the microorganisms and miniature animals shut down. As a result, it eventually comes to an interruption of the nutrient cycle. The nutrient caused by leaching Lack is thus reinforced.

A forest will only be healthy and vital if no pollutants be entered and the soil all the nutrients in sufficient quantity contains. Further, a dynamic soil flora is required, only then the nutrients are converted accordingly. As you know, the Symbi ose between mycorrhizal fungus and plant root for forest trees by eating teiler meaning.

Due to positive results with a fungal biomass fertilizer Spruce plants in pot experiments (reforestation attempt) was the surplus obvious, this product for the revitalization of ailing spruces culture. In particular, the finding that the fungal biomass Fertilizer that stimulates microorganisms and micro-organisms of the soil, caused a good effect in forest ecosystems.

Dried mushroom mycelium (mushroom biomass), the mushroom body of penicillin pro production strain Penicillium chrysogenum, was used for decades as Feed additive used. Although it showed a useful feed fitness, especially competitive products (protein feed) However, gene properties were not detected. Mushroom mycelium has z. B.  following composition:

Dry matter | 95% organic substance min. 70% Nitrogen org. bound 5.5% P₂O₅ 1.5% K₂O 3.5% CaO 5.0% MgO 1.5% Trace elements and vitamins

This analysis is typical of a product containing potash and magnesium was added. The corresponding K₂O and MgO values in the native Product is 1.2% and 0.25%. Overall, the analy the usual variations in organic fertilizers. These Mushroom biomass consisting of mycelium of Penicillium species, supplemented with Kalimagnesia has already proven its worth on problem floors. By regular use of such a fertilizer after that in the AT-PS 381,927 protected procedures, is a permanent greening of Problem floors, z. B. of high-level skiing, possible. Such a fertilizer is also excellent for wine crops. In addition to a clear Increased yields are above all the quality of grapes and health improved the vine plants.

By promoting microorganism activity at the same time Humus regeneration and the physical soil properties improved, only secondarily does the mineralization release the nitrogen. The nitrogen effect is largely synchronized with demand the plants. A temporary excess of nitrogen, as in the usual water-soluble mineral fertilizers occurs, is not to be feared. Eventually, even by using the fungal biomass fertilizer is passed going soilborne nitrogen bound by the microorganisms. These properties are an important prerequisite for an application as a forest fertilizer. Only a product that is the natural nutrient-aftergrowth simulated will bring the desired effects in the long term.

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for revitalization softwood is particularly suitable for the revitalization (abies) and the same.  

The following tests were used to determine the analytical criteria used for a fertilizer suitable for forestry culture is necessary:

Microbiological investigations Bioburden 22,500 / g of which 1000 bacilli salmonellae not detectable in 5 × 20 g Sulfite-reducing clostridia below 1000 / g

The results of the microbiological tests showed no hin wise for a hygienic concern.

Penicillin determination by agrarian diffusion test Test organism: Bacillus stearothermophilus Detection limit: 0.02 μg / g Result: Penicillinase-sensitive penicillin is undetectable.

Heavy metal contents Ni mg / kg TS 10 Cr mg / kg TS 7.3 Pb mg / kg TS 13 Cd mg / kg TS 0.2 Hg mg / kg TS 0.011

Value-determining components Water content,% 4.4 org. Substance,% i. d. TS 79.6 N (Kjeldahl),% i. d. TS 6.23

acid attack P₂O₅% TS 1.8 K₂O% TS 4.4 Mg% TS 1.2 Ca% TS 3.7 FE mg / kg TS 420 Mn mg / kg TS 26 Cu mg / kg TS 17 Zn mg / kg TS 61 Co mg / kg TS 5.7 B-Ges. mg / kg TS 8.4 Mo mg / kg TS 0.63

plant tolerance

A plant tolerance test carried out with garden cress shows that a mushroom biomass fertilizer up to a quantity of 1% to a substrate (Standard mixture) mixed, causes no plant damage. The C / N ratio is about 7.5.

These analysis results prove the environmental safety and the high content of value-determining components. From the results of the plant compatibility test, it must be concluded that overfertilisation is almost impossible. The nutrient ratios are similar to those in the forest stout, only the concentration of the individual nutrients is higher.

Of particular importance for soil flora and root development ment are the trace elements and vitamins. Due to the tight C / N Relationship runs the mineralization and thus the release of the organically bound nutrients faster than in forest litter. It is therefore too expect that by applying a mushroom biomass fertilizer also in Forest litter bound nutrients at least partially back in the circle be recycled.

The following example shows the beneficial effect of fertilization Mushroom biomass shown.

example

Trial in Lech am Arlberg, 1,650 m asl, Kalkboden, Waldweide, average pollutant load (accumulation zone), amount of effort by Minderaldün ger 400 kg / ha (12% nitrogen, 12% phosphorus as P₂O₅m 17% as K₂O and 2% Mg as MgO), fungal biomass fertilizer 1000 kg / ha.

Table 1

Visual assessment of the sample trees

Table 2

Circular area increases

Corrected mean values (in cm²)

The additional increase by mineral fertilizer is thus about 14%, by Biosol about 34%.

Surprisingly, there is already a clear sign in the first year Effect. While the statement of the area 5 due to the location inconsistency is not statistically substantiated Results from the area already statistically significant. The healthy Accordingly, the health status changes in the first year of use improved to 50%. Due to the organic bond, the Nutrients in mushroom biomass fertilizer in the first year only 2/3 to 3/4 released, the more surprising is the superior effect over that Mineral fertilizer. On the basis of circular area increase (34% instead of 14%) this is best shown.

Production of Biosol®

Biosol® is a by-product of penicillin fermentation. The usual Fermentation raw materials such as soybean meal, sucrose, lactose, trace elements and vitamins are mixed in Viamine, sterilized and mixed with water Inoculated mushroom strain Penicillium chrysogenum. In the course of fermentation the nutrients are converted into mushroom biomass. At the time of Harvest becomes the damp mushroom biomass of the liquid, penicillin-containing Phase separated by filtration and at 130 to 150 ° C and a Residence time of 4 to 6 hours dried. The dried mushroom biomass  is still supplemented with 10% potash magnesia (patent kali) and granules as a finished fertilizer bagged.

composition Biosol has on average the following value-determining constituents Water content% | 4.4 org. Substance% i. d. TS 79.6 N (Kjeldahl)% i. d. TS 6.23 P₂O₅% TS 1.8 K₂O% TS 4.4 Mg% TS 1.2 Ca% TS 3.7 Fe mg / kg TS 420 - Mg mg / kg TS 26, - Cu mg / kg TS 17, - Zn mg / kg TS 61 - Co mg / kg TS 5.7 B-Ges. mg / kg TS 8.4 Mo mg / kg TS 0.63

Claims (3)

1. A process for the revitalization of forestry crops, characterized in that one uses a fertilizer from fungal biomass, such as mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer to about 90% of dried mushroom mycelium and about 10% of Kalimagnesia consists. 3. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Expenditure between 1000 kg and 3000 kg of fertilizer per hectare and year lies.