DE3815956C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3815956C2 DE3815956C2 DE19883815956 DE3815956A DE3815956C2 DE 3815956 C2 DE3815956 C2 DE 3815956C2 DE 19883815956 DE19883815956 DE 19883815956 DE 3815956 A DE3815956 A DE 3815956A DE 3815956 C2 DE3815956 C2 DE 3815956C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- ceramic
- connection point
- layer
- ceramic body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/121—Metallic interlayers based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/122—Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/123—Metallic interlayers based on iron group metals, e.g. steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/82—Two substrates not completely covering each other, e.g. two plates in a staggered position
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie einen Verbundkörper mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Verfahrens- und Sachhauptanspruches.The invention relates to a method and a Composite body with the features in the preamble of Main procedural and substantive claim.
Aus der Literaturstelle DE-Z: Keramische Zeitschrift, 25. Jahrgang, Nr. 3 (1973), S. 141 bis 143 ist ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Metall und Keramik bekannt, bei dem die beiden Teile unter Hitze in einem Ofen zusammengepreßt und dabei etwas gedreht werden. Die Reibbewegung dient der mechanischen Zerstörung der Oxidschicht. Die Teile backen dadurch ohne Plastifizierung der Verbindungsstelle bereits nach kurzer Zeit zusammen.From the reference DE-Z: Keramische Zeitschrift, 25. Volume, No. 3 (1973), pp. 141 to 143 is a procedure known for connecting metal and ceramic, in which the pressed together in an oven under heat and doing something. The rubbing movement serves the mechanical destruction of the oxide layer. Bake the parts thus already without plasticizing the connection point after a short time together.
Die Literaturstelle DE-B: Klock, Schoer, "Schweißen und Löten von Aluminiumwerkstoffen", Deutscher Verlag für Schweißtechnik, Düsseldorf 1977, S. 32, lehrt die Grundlagen und die Einteilung der verschiedenen bekannten Schweißverfahren in Verbindung mit Aluminium. Hierbei wird lediglich von zwei Schweißpartnern ausgegangen, die außerdem nur aus metallischen Werkstoffen bestehen. Keramik/Metall-Verbindungen sowie mehrteilige Verbindungen und Verbundkörper sind nicht erwähnt.Literature DE-B: Klock, Schoer, "Welding and Soldering of aluminum materials ", German publisher for Welding technology, Düsseldorf 1977, p. 32, teaches the Basics and the classification of the various known Welding process in connection with aluminum. Here will only assumed from two welding partners who also consist only of metallic materials. Ceramic / metal connections and multi-part connections and composite bodies are not mentioned.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein wirtschaftlicheres Verfahren zum Verbinden von keramischen mit anderen metallischen oder keramischen Körpern sowie einen damit hergestellten Verbundkörper aufzuzeigen, die eine hohe Festigkeit der Verbindungsstelle bieten. It is an object of the present invention more economical process for joining ceramic with other metallic or ceramic bodies as well to show a composite body produced with it, the offer a high strength of the connection point.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruches.The invention solves this problem with the features in Characteristic of the main claim.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß es sich schnell, einfach und kostengünstig durchführen läßt. Es sind damit hohe Festigkeiten der Verbindungsstelle zu erzielen, wobei die aufgeriebene Metallschicht aus dem gleichen oder einem anderen Werkstoff als der zu verbindende Metallkörper bestehen kann.The process according to the invention has the advantage that it is can be carried out quickly, easily and inexpensively. It are high strength of the connection point achieve, the rubbed metal layer from the same or a different material than that connecting metal body can exist.
Mit dem gleichen Verfahren ist es auch möglich, zwei Keramikkörper miteinander zu verbinden. Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, beide Körper an der späteren Verbindungsstelle zu metallisieren.With the same procedure it is also possible to have two To connect ceramic bodies together. Here recommends it, both bodies at the later junction metallize.
Die erfindungsgemäß aufgeriebene Metallschicht haftet auf dem keramischen Körper in stärkerem Maße, als dies eine auf andere Weise aufgebrachte, beispielsweise aufgedampfte Metallschicht könnte.The metal layer rubbed according to the invention adheres the ceramic body to a greater extent than this one otherwise applied, for example vapor-deposited Metal layer could.
Zur Herstellung des Verbundkörpers werden die Metallschicht und der Metallkörper bei einer Keramik/Metall-Paarung oder die beiden Metallschichten bei einer Keramik/Keramik- Paarung durch ein Schmelzschweißverfahren oder durch Löten verbunden. Unter einem Schmelzschweißverfahren werden beispielsweise Laser- oder Elektronenstrahlschweißen verstanden. Bei diesen Verfahren wird vorzugsweise von außen Wärme an der Verbindungsstelle zugeführt, die die Metalle aufschmelzen und sich verbinden läßt.The metal layer is used to produce the composite body and the metal body in a ceramic / metal pairing or the two metal layers in a ceramic / ceramic Mating by a fusion welding process or by soldering connected. Be under a fusion welding process for example laser or electron beam welding Roger that. In these methods, preferably from externally supplied heat at the junction which the Melt metals and connect.
Der erfindungsgemäße Verbundkörper besitzt an der Verbindungsstelle eine hohe Festigkeit, sowohl in der Haftverbindung zwischen Keramikkörper und metallischer Zwischenschicht, wie auch in der Schmelzschweißverbindung.The composite body according to the invention has the Joint high strength, both in the Adhesive bond between ceramic body and metallic Intermediate layer, as in the fusion welded joint.
Zum Anreiben empfiehlt es sich, das Spender-Metallteil mit Druck gegen den Keramikkörper zu pressen und die Teile relativ zueinander zu drehen. Sobald das Metall an der Reibstelle plastifiziert wird, werden die beiden Körper auseinandergezogen und voneinander getrennt. Das Anreiben ähnelt insoweit der ersten Stufe des Reibschweißverfahrens, mit dem Unterschied, daß nach der Plastifizierung beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Preßdruck aufgehoben wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Metallisieren des Keramikkörpers läßt sich damit in einer Reibschweißmaschine durchführen. To rub it on, it is advisable to include the metal donor part Pressure against the ceramic body and the parts to rotate relative to each other. Once the metal on the When the friction point is plasticized, the two bodies pulled apart and separated. The rubbing is similar to the first stage of the friction welding process, with the difference that after the plasticization at method according to the invention the pressure is released. The inventive metallization of the ceramic body can perform it in a friction welding machine.
Die Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen beispielsweise und schematisch dargestellt. Im einzelnen zeigtThe invention is in the drawings for example and shown schematically. In detail shows
Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht das keramische Teil und das anzureibende Metallteil und Fig. 1 in side view of the ceramic part and the metal part to be rubbed and
Fig. 2 ebenfalls in Seitenansicht den fertigen Verbundkörper. Fig. 2 also in side view of the finished composite body.
Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen einen keramischen Körper (1), der beispielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid besteht und mit einem anderen Körper, beispielsweise einem Metallkörper (2) zu einem Verbundkörper (5) verbunden werden soll. Fig. 1 and 2 show a ceramic body (1), for example, made of alumina and to be connected with another body, for example a metal body (2) to form a composite body (5).
Gemäß Fig. 1 wird zunächst auf die Verbindungsstelle (6) am keramischen Körper (7), hier die Stirnseite eines Zylinders, eine Metallschicht (4) (vgl. Fig. 2) aufgerieben. Dies erfolgt im wesentlichen mechanisch durch ein Metallteil (3), das aus dem gleichen oder einem anderen Werkstoff als der später zu verbindende Metallkörper (2) besteht. Der keramische Körper (1) und das Metallteil (3) werden hierzu in Spannvorrichtungen (7) gehalten und axial aufeinander zubewegt, bis sie an der späteren Verbindungsstelle (6) unter leichtem Preßdruck in Reibkontakt treten. Der Preßdruck ist vom Werkstoff des Metallteils (3) abhängig und entspricht im wesentlichen dem Druck, der zum Reibschweißen erforderlich wäre.According to Fig. 1 to the ceramic member (7), here the front side of a cylinder, a metal layer (4) (see. Fig. 2) is first rubbed on the connection point (6). This is done essentially mechanically by means of a metal part ( 3 ) which consists of the same or a different material than the metal body ( 2 ) to be connected later. For this purpose, the ceramic body ( 1 ) and the metal part ( 3 ) are held in clamping devices ( 7 ) and moved axially towards one another until they come into frictional contact at the later connection point ( 6 ) under slight pressure. The pressure depends on the material of the metal part ( 3 ) and corresponds essentially to the pressure that would be required for friction welding.
Unter Aufrechterhaltung des Preßdruckes werden die beiden Teile (1, 3) relativ zueinander gedreht, wobei vorzugsweise das Metallteil (3) bewegt wird. Hierbei reibt sich an der Berührungsfläche eine Metallschicht ab, die auf dem keramischen Körper (1) gut haftet. Hierzu empfiehlt es sich, die Flächengrößen der beiden Teile (1, 3) gleich groß zu halten. Das Metallteil (3) kann aber auch größer sein. While maintaining the pressing pressure, the two parts ( 1 , 3 ) are rotated relative to one another, the metal part ( 3 ) preferably being moved. A metal layer rubs off on the contact surface and adheres well to the ceramic body ( 1 ). It is advisable to keep the area sizes of the two parts ( 1 , 3 ) the same size. The metal part ( 3 ) can also be larger.
Durch die Reibungswärme beginnt das Metallteil (3) an der Berührungsfläche zu plastifizieren. Sobald dies geschieht, werden die Teile (1, 3) axial auseinanderbewegt, was in Fig. 1 durch einen Doppelpfeil symbolisiert ist. Zugleich wird die Drehbewegung gestopt. Der Anreibevorgang kann zeit- oder druckgesteuert ablaufen.Due to the frictional heat, the metal part ( 3 ) begins to plasticize on the contact surface. As soon as this happens, the parts ( 1 , 3 ) are moved axially apart, which is symbolized in Fig. 1 by a double arrow. At the same time, the rotary movement is stopped. The rubbing process can be time or pressure controlled.
Auf dem keramischen Körper (1) befindet sich nun eine sehr dünne Metallschicht (4). Diese kann je nach Metall im Bereich zwischen wenigen Tausendstel und wenigen Zehntel Millimetern liegen. Praxisversuche haben gute Ergebnisse mit aufgeriebenen Metallschichten aus Aluminium, Nickel, Nickelbasis-Legierungen (Inconel), 42 CrMo 4-Stahl, NiCr 20 TiAL (Nimonic) und Molybdän oder Molybdän- Legierungen (TZM) ergeben.There is now a very thin metal layer ( 4 ) on the ceramic body ( 1 ). Depending on the metal, this can range from a few thousandths to a few tenths of a millimeter. Practical tests have given good results with rubbed metal layers made of aluminum, nickel, nickel-based alloys (Inconel), 42 CrMo 4 steel, NiCr 20 TiAL (Nimonic) and molybdenum or molybdenum alloys (TZM).
In einem zweiten Arbeitsschritt werden anschließend der keramische Körper (1) und ein Metallkörper (2) unter Zwischenlage der Metallschicht (4) durch ein Schmelzschweißverfahren miteinander verbunden. Desgleichen können auch zwei entsprechend den vorstehenden Schritten metallisierte Keramikkörper (1, 2) über ihre jeweils aufgeriebene Metallschicht (4) miteinander verbunden werden. Vorzugsweise werden die Teile an der Verbindungsstelle (6) miteinander verlötet. Die Wahl des anzureibenden Metalls richtet sich vorzugsweise nach der für das Schmelzschweißverfahren günstigen oder erforderlichen Werkstoffpaarung. Für einen breiten Anwendungsbereich haben sich Aluminium bzw. eine Aluminiumlegierung als günstig erwiesen. In a second step, the ceramic body ( 1 ) and a metal body ( 2 ) are connected to one another by a fusion welding process, with the metal layer ( 4 ) being interposed. Likewise, two ceramic bodies ( 1 , 2 ) metallized in accordance with the above steps can also be connected to one another via their metal layer ( 4 ) which has been rubbed off. The parts are preferably soldered to one another at the connection point ( 6 ). The choice of the metal to be rubbed is preferably based on the material pairing that is favorable or necessary for the fusion welding process. Aluminum or an aluminum alloy have proven to be favorable for a wide range of applications.
Stückliste:Parts list:
(1) keramische Körper
(2) anderer Körper, Metallkörper, metallisierter
Keramikkörper
(3) Metallteil, Anreibteil
(4) Metallschicht
(5) Verbundkörper
(6) Verbindungsstelle
(7) Spannvorrichtung( 1 ) ceramic body
( 2 ) other body, metal body, metallized ceramic body
( 3 ) metal part, grating part
( 4 ) metal layer
( 5 ) Composite body
( 6 ) Junction
( 7 ) jig
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19883815956 DE3815956A1 (en) | 1988-05-10 | 1988-05-10 | Process for joining ceramic bodies to other metallic or ceramic bodies and also a composite body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19883815956 DE3815956A1 (en) | 1988-05-10 | 1988-05-10 | Process for joining ceramic bodies to other metallic or ceramic bodies and also a composite body |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3815956A1 DE3815956A1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
DE3815956C2 true DE3815956C2 (en) | 1990-02-15 |
Family
ID=6354078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19883815956 Granted DE3815956A1 (en) | 1988-05-10 | 1988-05-10 | Process for joining ceramic bodies to other metallic or ceramic bodies and also a composite body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3815956A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007049988A1 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2008-10-30 | Siemens Ag | Varistor blocks connecting method, involves connecting varistor blocks with electrically conductive intermediate layer by friction welding i.e. ultrasonic welding, at edge region of contact surface |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4409769A1 (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-09-28 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Impeller wheels for turbines and mfg process for same |
DE10015440A1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-18 | Daume Regelarmaturen Gmbh | Composite material used in the production of a semi-finished product or composite part comprises a first material layer joined to a second material layer by a welding connection produced by electron beam welding |
-
1988
- 1988-05-10 DE DE19883815956 patent/DE3815956A1/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007049988A1 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2008-10-30 | Siemens Ag | Varistor blocks connecting method, involves connecting varistor blocks with electrically conductive intermediate layer by friction welding i.e. ultrasonic welding, at edge region of contact surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE3815956A1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
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Legal Events
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
D2 | Grant after examination | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |