DE3730766A1 - Superconductor, in particular in a reelable design - Google Patents
Superconductor, in particular in a reelable designInfo
- Publication number
- DE3730766A1 DE3730766A1 DE19873730766 DE3730766A DE3730766A1 DE 3730766 A1 DE3730766 A1 DE 3730766A1 DE 19873730766 DE19873730766 DE 19873730766 DE 3730766 A DE3730766 A DE 3730766A DE 3730766 A1 DE3730766 A1 DE 3730766A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- strand
- oxygen
- superconductor
- mixed oxide
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
- H10N60/203—Permanent superconducting devices comprising high-Tc ceramic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0801—Manufacture or treatment of filaments or composite wires
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gegenstand des Hauptpatentes ist ein Supraleiter, insbesondere in trommelbarer Ausführung für elektrische Kabel und Leitungen, bestehend aus einer inneren supraleitfähigen Seele und einer äußeren metallischen Hülle, wobei die Seele aus pulver- bis granulatförmigen Teilchen eines Mischoxids besteht oder solche Mischoxide überwiegend enthält. Solche Mischoxide, in der Literatur auch als keramische Werkstoffe bezeichnet, lassen in entsprechender Reinheit eingesetzt und behandelt eine Supraleitung um 100 K und darüber zu. So hohe Sprungtemperaturen gestatten bereits den Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff als Kühlmittel und führen gegenüber einer bisher notwendigen Helium-Kühlung zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit. Der Einschluß der Mischoxide in die metallische Hülle sichert die Herstellung von Supraleitern in nahezu unbegrenzter Länge. Die Hülle selbst dient als mechanische Stütze auch an Verbindungs- oder Anschlußstellen, aber auch als Normalleiter für den Fall auftretender Schäden, z. B. in der Kühlmittelversorgung.The subject of the main patent is a superconductor, especially in a reelable version for electrical Cables and wires consisting of an inner superconductive soul and an outer metallic Envelope, the soul of powdery to granular There are particles of a mixed oxide or such mixed oxides predominantly contains. Such mixed oxides, in the literature also called ceramic materials, let in appropriate purity used and treated Superconductivity by 100 K and above. So high Jump temperatures already allow the use of liquid nitrogen as a coolant and run opposite a previously necessary helium cooling to one significant increase in profitability. The Inclusion of the mixed oxides in the metallic shell ensures the manufacture of superconductors in almost unlimited Length. The case itself also serves as a mechanical support at connection or connection points, but also as Normal conductor for the event of damage, e.g. B. in the coolant supply.
Die vorliegende Erfindung sieht eine Verbesserung des Gegenstandes nach dem Hauptpatent vor. Sie besteht darin, daß die Hülle aus einem sauerstoffdurchlässigen Metall bzw. einer Metallegierung besteht. Diese Maßnahme ist von besonderer Bedeutung dann, wenn die Mischoxide zur Erzielung der Supraleitfähigkeit einem Temperaturbehandlungsprozeß in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff unterworfen werden müssen und sie aus fertigungstechischen Gründen nach außen bereits vorher durch eine metallische Hülle abzukapseln sind. Geeignet für die Zwecke der Erfindung ist beispielsweise Silber oder eine Silberlegierung.The present invention provides an improvement in Subject after the main patent. It is that the shell from one oxygen-permeable metal or a metal alloy consists. This measure is of particular importance then when the mixed oxides to achieve the Superconductivity in a temperature treatment process Must be subjected to the presence of oxygen and for technical manufacturing reasons, they already do must be encapsulated beforehand by a metallic shell. For example, is suitable for the purposes of the invention Silver or a silver alloy.
Wesentlich für die Erfindung sind ferner geeignete Fertigungsverfahren, die den Einsatz supraleitfähiger Mischoxide auch für trommelbare elektrische Kabel und Leitungen gestatten.Suitable ones are also essential for the invention Manufacturing processes that use superconductive Mixed oxides also for reelable electrical cables and Allow lines.
In Durchführung der Erfindung kann man beispielsweise so vorgehen, daß man ein längseinlaufendes Silberband zu einer rohrförmigen Hülle formt und auf die Bandinnenfläche die Teilchen eines Mischoxides aufbringt. Anschließend werden die Bandkanten, etwa durch Schweißen oder Löten, fest und dicht verschlossen und das so gebildete Rohr im Querschnitt reduziert. Dabei wird zweckmäßig die Querschnittsreduktion soweit getrieben, daß hierbei eine mechanische Verdichtung der pulver- bis granulatförmigen Teilchen des Mischoxids erfolgt. Vor, während oder nach der Umhüllung der Teilchen zum supraleitfähigen elektrischen Leiter wird das Mischoxid einer Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen. Diese Temperaturbehandlung, etwa ein Glühprozeß um 900 Grad C, erfolgt in einer Sauerstoffatmosphäre, die nach der Erfindung beispielsweise verwendete Hülle aus Silber gewährleistet die Sauerstoffdiffision zu den verdichteten Mischoxidteilchen.In carrying out the invention, for example proceed that you have a longitudinal silver ribbon forms a tubular shell and onto the The inner surface of the belt applies the particles of a mixed oxide. Then the strip edges are removed, for example by welding or soldering, tightly and tightly sealed and so formed tube reduced in cross section. Doing so expediently reduced the cross-section as far that a mechanical compression of the powder to granular particles of the mixed oxide. In front, during or after the coating of the particles to the mixed oxide becomes superconducting electrical conductor subjected to a temperature treatment. These Heat treatment, such as an annealing process at 900 degrees C, takes place in an oxygen atmosphere after the For example, the invention used a silver shell ensures oxygen diffusion to the compressed Mixed oxide particles.
Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Herstellung eines Supraleiters nach der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Teilchen des Mischoxids durch Pressen oder Extrusion fortlaufend zum Strang verdichtet werden und daß dieser Strang anschließend von einem längseinlaufend zum Rohr geformten Band dünner Wandstärke aus einem sauerstoffdurchlässigen Metall umschlossen wird, dessen Kanten miteinander verschweißt werden. Diese geschlossene metallische Hülle wird auf den Strang heruntergezogen, wobei vor, während oder nach der Umhüllung eine Temperaturbehandlung des verdichteten Stranges unter Sauerstoffeinwirkung erfolgt. Man kann abweichend hiervon aber auch so vorgehen, daß bei sonst gleichen Verfahrensschritten der Strang nach der Verdichtung mit einer metallischen Hülle, die nach der Erfindung sauerstoffdurchlässig ist, nahtlos umpreßt wird.Another way to make one Superconductor according to the invention is that Particles of the mixed oxide by pressing or extrusion be continuously compressed into the strand and that this Then run from one end to the pipe formed band of thin wall thickness from one oxygen-permeable metal is enclosed, the Edges are welded together. This closed metallic shell is pulled down on the strand, being before, during or after the wrapping Heat treatment of the compacted strand under Exposure to oxygen takes place. You can deviate from this but also proceed in such a way that with the same Process steps using the strand after compaction a metallic shell according to the invention is permeable to oxygen, is seamlessly pressed.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zur Herstellung eines trommelbaren Supraleiters ergibt sich dann, wenn die Teilchen des Mischoxids zu einem Strang gepreßt oder extrudiert werden, der anschließend einer Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen wird. Der so behandelte Strang wird anschließend in die Pulver- oder Granulatform überführt und dieses Pulver oder Granulat während der Formung z. B. eines Silberbandes zum Rohr in dieses eingebracht und nach dem Verschweißen der Bandkanten durch Herunterziehen des Rohres erneut zum Strang verdichtet. Dieses Verfahren schafft extrem günstige Voraussetzungen für eine gleichmäßige Geometrie des aus keramischen Materialien (Mischoxide) bestehenden Supraleiters und damit für hohe Sprungtemperaturen.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention to produce a reelable superconductor when the particles of the mixed oxide become one Extruded or extruded, which then is subjected to a temperature treatment. The way treated strand is then in the powder or Granulate form and this powder or granules during molding z. B. a silver band to the tube in this introduced and after welding the Band edges again by pulling down the pipe Strand compacted. This procedure creates extreme favorable conditions for a uniform geometry of ceramic materials (mixed oxides) Superconductor and thus for high transition temperatures.
Die Erfindung sei an Hand der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Die dargestellte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt in derThe illustrated embodiment of the invention shows in the
Fig. 1 eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines Supraleiters, in der Fig. 1 shows a system for producing a superconductor, in the
Fig. 2 den Supraleiter selbst. Fig. 2 shows the superconductor itself.
Von dem auf dem Wickelbock 1 gelagerten Bandvorrat 2 wird z. B. ein Silberband 3 über eine Umlenkvorrichtung 4, ggf. auch in Form einer Bandreinigung, der Maschinenanlage 5 zugeführt. Im Bereich dieser Anlage wird das Silberband 3 mittels nicht dargestellter und an sich bekannter Formwerkzeuge, wie versetzt angeordnete Rollen oder Walzen, in die Rohrform 6 gebracht. In das nach oben noch offene Rohr 6 wird mittels der Fördereinrichtung 7 das pulverförmige Mischoxid 8 eingebracht. Dieses Pulver wurde z. B. dadurch hergestellt, daß ein aus einem Mischoxid auf Basis La - Sr - Cu - O, Ba - Pb - Bi - O, Ba - La - Cu - O, Y - Ba - Cu - O oder dergl. gepreßter und wärmebehandelter Strang erneut in die Pulverform überführt wurde. Im weiteren Durchlauf durch die Maschinenanlage 5 werden mittels der Schweißvorrichtung 9 die Bandkanten des Rohres 6 dicht verschweißt und das Rohr 6 beim Durchlaufen durch das Kalibrierwerkzeug 10 zunächst im Querschnitt reduziert. In einer oder mehreren Stufen kann dann das mit dem Mischoxid 8 gefüllte bzw. das Mischoxid enthaltende Rohr 6 mit Hilfe weiterer Kalibriervorrichtungen 11 im Querschnitt soweit reduziert werden, bis die Teilchen des im Rohr 6 befindlichen Mischoxids 8 ausreichend verdichtet sind. Ggf. kann sich hieran noch einmal eine Warmbehandlung, etwa in Form eines Glühprozesses und zweckmäßig unter Sauerstoffeinwirkung, anschließen.From the stored on the winding frame 1 tape supply 2 z. B. a silver band 3 via a deflection device 4 , optionally also in the form of a band cleaning, the machine system 5 . In the area of this system, the silver tape is not brought 3 by means shown and per se known molding tools, such staggered roll or rolls, into the tube shape. 6 The pulverulent mixed oxide 8 is introduced into the tube 6 , which is still open at the top, by means of the conveying device 7 . This powder was e.g. B. manufactured in that a from a mixed oxide based on La - Sr - Cu - O, Ba - Pb - Bi - O, Ba - La - Cu - O, Y - Ba - Cu - O or the like. Extruded and heat-treated strand was again converted into the powder form. In the further passage through the machine system 5 , the strip edges of the tube 6 are tightly welded by means of the welding device 9 and the tube 6 is initially reduced in cross section when it passes through the calibration tool 10 . In one or more stages, the tube 6 filled with the mixed oxide 8 or containing the mixed oxide can be reduced in cross-section with the aid of further calibration devices 11 until the particles of the mixed oxide 8 in the tube 6 are sufficiently compressed. Possibly. This can be followed by a heat treatment, for example in the form of an annealing process and expediently under the influence of oxygen.
Als Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens zeigt die Fig. 2 in gegenüber der Fig. 1 vergrößertem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Supraleiter, bei dem die aus dem Mischoxid 8 bestehende Seele von dem matallischen Rohr 6 aus Silber oder einem anderen sauerstoffdurchlässigen Metall bzw. einer entsprechenden Legierung dicht umschlossen ist.As a result of this method, FIG. 2 shows, on an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 1, a cross section through a superconductor according to the invention, in which the core consisting of the mixed oxide 8 is made from the metallic tube 6 made of silver or another oxygen-permeable metal or a corresponding alloy is tightly enclosed.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3716815A DE3716815C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-05-20 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor |
| DE3730766A DE3730766C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-09-12 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor in a reelable design |
| FR888806643A FR2615651B1 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1988-05-18 | SUPERCONDUCTOR THAT CAN BE WOUND AROUND A DRUM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| JP63122177A JPS63308810A (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1988-05-20 | Superconductor which can be taken up by winding and manufacture of the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3716815A DE3716815C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-05-20 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor |
| DE3730766A DE3730766C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-09-12 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor in a reelable design |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3730766A1 true DE3730766A1 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
| DE3730766C2 DE3730766C2 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
Family
ID=25855771
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3716815A Expired - Fee Related DE3716815C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-05-20 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor |
| DE3730766A Expired - Fee Related DE3730766C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-09-12 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor in a reelable design |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3716815A Expired - Fee Related DE3716815C2 (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1987-05-20 | Process for the continuous production of a superconductor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63308810A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3716815C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2615651B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3731266A1 (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-04-06 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | COVER MATERIAL FOR SUPRAL-CONDUCTING WIRE |
| US5846911A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-12-08 | Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Method of producing a high-temperature superconductive coating on an elongated substrate |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1325102C (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1993-12-14 | Kazuhisa Yamauchi | Method of producing superconducting wire |
| JP2592842B2 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1997-03-19 | 株式会社東芝 | Method for manufacturing compound superconducting wire |
| JP2775946B2 (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1998-07-16 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of oxide superconducting wire |
| EP0704862B1 (en) | 1994-09-30 | 2003-01-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing a superconducting wire |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2108635A1 (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1972-08-31 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Process for the continuous production of an elongated superconductor |
| DE3019980C2 (en) * | 1980-05-24 | 1983-03-24 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Process for the production of superconducting wires from multifilaments containing niobium and aluminum, surrounded by copper or copper alloy |
| WO1982003941A1 (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-11 | Imaizumi Mitsuyuki | Compound-type superconductor and process for its preparation |
| CA1338396C (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1996-06-18 | Kazuo Sawada | Process for manufacturing a superconducting wire of compound oxide-type ceramics |
| EP0281474B2 (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 2006-05-24 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Process for manufacturing a compound oxide-type superconducting wire |
| DE3855717T3 (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 2013-10-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Superconducting wire and process for its production |
| EP0283312A3 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1990-09-26 | Fujikura Ltd. | Method of producing a superconducting wire and a superconducting wire produced according to the same |
| CA1325102C (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1993-12-14 | Kazuhisa Yamauchi | Method of producing superconducting wire |
| US4952554A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1990-08-28 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Apparatus and systems comprising a clad superconductive oxide body, and method for producing such body |
| JP2558686B2 (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1996-11-27 | 株式会社フジクラ | Superconducting wire manufacturing method |
| JP2583499B2 (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1997-02-19 | 株式会社フジクラ | Superconducting wire manufacturing method |
| JPS63264820A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-11-01 | Nippon Steel Corp | Continuous manufacture of superconductive wire |
| JP2592838B2 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1997-03-19 | 株式会社東芝 | Method for manufacturing compound superconducting wire |
| JPS63292523A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-11-29 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Manufacture of superconductor cable |
-
1987
- 1987-05-20 DE DE3716815A patent/DE3716815C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-12 DE DE3730766A patent/DE3730766C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-05-18 FR FR888806643A patent/FR2615651B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-20 JP JP63122177A patent/JPS63308810A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JIN, S. et al.: "High T¶c¶ superconductors - com- posite wire fabrication" in: Appl.Phys.Lett., 51 (3), 20. Juli 87, S. 203 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3731266A1 (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-04-06 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | COVER MATERIAL FOR SUPRAL-CONDUCTING WIRE |
| DE3731266C2 (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1992-05-07 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe, De | |
| US5846911A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-12-08 | Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Method of producing a high-temperature superconductive coating on an elongated substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3716815A1 (en) | 1988-12-08 |
| JPS63308810A (en) | 1988-12-16 |
| DE3716815C2 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| FR2615651B1 (en) | 1994-03-04 |
| DE3730766C2 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
| FR2615651A1 (en) | 1988-11-25 |
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