DE3623720A1 - Facing element for an air-conditioning wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a facing element for an air-conditioning wall, for optimising functioning of old-building and new-building exterior walls which are produced in accordance with the air-conditioning-wall system (DE 3530884 A1). The main purpose of the innovation is the improvement of the heat recovery and heat gain which can be achieved with the air-conditioning-wall system by means of a transmission-heat reverse effect and facade-heat transfer. Whereas the air-conditioning-wall system (DE 3530884 A1) exhibits, on the outer side, only one heat-insulating layer - serving as plaster carrier - and thus also only one heat-absorbing air layer, there are, in the case of air-conditioning walls which are equipped with the facing element according to the innovation, two insulating and air layers on the outer side which have different effects. The heat-storing layers of the facing element for absorbing and channelling away the facade heat are arranged on the outer side and the primary heat-insulating layer (4) is arranged behind the wall-side air layer (5) in order to be able to intercept the transmission heat effectively. In the outer air layer (3), mainly facade heat is absorbed and transported to the room, and, in the wall-side air layer (5), transmission heat is absorbed by the fresh air, flowing through the wall at outside temperature, and transported to the room. The outer rigid-foam layer of the composite gypsum plasterboard (2) has a multiple-perforation arrangement (a) which is distributed over the entire surface of the board and is arranged for better adhesion of a mineral rendering (1). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an addition to the invention - Climate wall - according to the published patent application DE 35 30 884 A1

In principle, the invention serves as an attachment element Function optimization of the main invention - climate wall -.

The most important point of the additional renewal can be seen in the fact that two outer shells ( 2 + 4 ) with different strengths and different effects as well as two separate air layers ( 3 + 5 ) are arranged on the outside of the wall.

The jacket shells ( 2 + 4 ), which are preferably made of plasterboard / rigid foam composite panels, enclose the air layers ( 3 + 5 ) towards the core wall ( 6 ). The outside air layer ( 3 ) is delimited by facing gypsum plasterboard, while the wall-side air layer ( 5 ) is delimited on the one hand by a hard foam insulation layer ( 4 ) and on the other hand by the core wall ( 6 ). The outer air layer ( 3 ) delimited by gypsum plasterboard has the function of storing the facade heat generated during the heating season by sun exposure to the facade until it is absorbed by the incoming cold fresh air - and transported to the room. The air layer ( 5 ) on the room side, on the other hand, serves as a collecting basin for the outward transmission heat, which is effectively slowed down by the heat insulation layer ( 4 ) before it is absorbed by the cold fresh air flowing into the room like the facade heat and transported to the room.

The insulation layer covering of the composite panel ( 2 ) has multiple perforations ( a ) so that a significant proportion of the facade heat generated during winter tanning can penetrate through the outside insulation covering of the outer composite panel ( 2 ) serving as a plaster base. This multiple perforation ( a ) firstly ensures that the mineral external plaster ( 1 ) adheres well to the plaster base and secondly that the facade heat is transferred to the rear.

General:

The arrangement of an additional layer of thermal insulation on the Outside of exterior walls in new and old building renovations is in the course of energy saving efforts in residential construction has become the usual method. Here the question arises whether with the application of a passive thermal insulation layer to a House wall already all possibilities of material use are exhausted - or whether by means of another Material arrangement or material division apart from the improvement thermal insulation does not have other improvements and benefits can be achieved?

With the inventions climate wall and climate wall attachment element are new opportunities in the direction of energy-saving, indirect Room ventilation, energy recovery and energy gain open minded. By means of a special arrangement of the external insulation layers of air are created that are indirect, enable energy-saving fresh air throughput Cause transmission heat reversal effect and facade heat transfer serve. The climate wall attachment element also works as a soundproofing facing.

Experience has shown that the application of heavy, mineral thick plaster to a hard foam plaster base plate is extremely problematic due to the low plaster adhesion and the risk of cracks from the volume change of the plaster base and the heat build-up that occurs during tanning. Such problems are eliminated in the inventive arrangement of the plaster base. A tightly packed multiple perforation ( a ) of the hard foam covering of the outer composite panel ( 2 ), which serves as a plaster base, enables reliable adhesion even of heavy mineral plaster coverings and relaxes the hard foam insulation layer, so that volume changes of harmful dimensions do not occur. Even the dreaded build-up of cracks in the plaster and plaster base, which causes plaster cracks, cannot appear in the inventive wall arrangement. The multiple perforations result in innumerable thermal bridges from the exterior plaster ( 1 ) to the outer air layer ( 3 ), through which fresh air flows and thus effect the facade heat transfer. In the high summer heat period, the air-transporting fan is switched in the opposite direction, so that the airflow moves from the inside to the outside during the day and the wall is heated from the inside to the outside. At night, the switched fan then pushes the cooler fresh air from the outside inwards, preferably into the bedrooms. During the high summer cooling period, of course, no energy can be obtained by means of the inventive air flow. On the contrary, the fan energy is added. However, since there is already the possibility of cooling in the inventive wall arrangement, the climatic benefits of living room cooling by means of fresh air with closed windows (outside noise reduction, no mosquito nuisance, etc.) should justify the low energy addition. In addition, there is always the possibility to switch off the fan and to open the windows for the fresh air inlet in the usual way.

Use of the wall facade as a solar heat absorber:

If the outer layer of an outer wall is designed as an insulation facade, it can primarily only serve as insulation protection, ie to slow down the transmission heat transfer. If it is designed as an alternative to this as a solar heat absorber facade, the insulation protection is neglected. There is no building material that can "insulate and store" heat equally well. Even with the climate wall (according to DE 35 30 884 A1), which has only a single-layer outer shell (plaster base - 7 ), a middle way, ie a function-reducing compromise, had to be accepted with regard to the thermal insulation and heat storage capacity of the outer shell. With the innovation - front element - this compromise is eliminated and replaced by an optimal solution to the problem on both sides. By arranging the insulation layer ( 4 ), the transmission heat passage in front of the wall-side ( 5 ) air layer is largely brought to a standstill. The heavy, i.e. heat-absorbing, heat-storing, mineral exterior plaster ( 1 ), on the other hand, passes through the multiple perforations ( a ) through the outer insulation shell ( 2 ), which serves as a plaster base, so that a large number of thermal bridges from the exterior plaster to the plasterboard edging of the outer air layer ( 3 ) pass on facade heat. Even in the deepest winter, but especially in the transitional periods, sunbathing on the facade generates free energy that can be used to increase heating energy.

All problems of solar heat use for living space heating ultimately culminate in the core question of how one sparsely in our latitudes in the heating season and sporadic heat from one extremely low technical and financial expenditure absorbed and transported to where it is most urgent is needed. With the known methods - from Energy roof to glass architecture - this could Question can never be answered satisfactorily. Under the bottom line always cost more than it brought in. Of course, that does not preclude one or the other another in terms of environmental protection or aesthetics Significant than profitability can be.

Things are completely different with the inventive climate wall with an attachment element. Here, the energy gain from facade heat transfer is ultimately just a deadweight. The most important technical requirements for the facade heat gain are created anyway for the primary task of the climate wall "the transmission heat recovery". Innovatively, this problem is solved in such a way that the fresh air flowing through the wall structure from the outside in also takes over, among other things, the facade heat transfer. The fresh air pressed into the outer air layer ( 3 ) at outside temperature absorbs facade heat and carries it on into the room that is to be supplied with fresh air.

The transmission heat reversal effect:

The new release of the transmission heat Reverse effects were already with the invention - climate wall DE 35 30 884 A1 - shown. With the additional invention of climate wall This effect can be optimized by that an attachment element instead of a single-layer attachment shell with two differently effective insulation and plaster base layers and two layers of air are arranged.

The transmission heat that is drawn from the inside to the outside hits the wall-side air layer ( 5 ), which is limited to the outside by an insulation layer ( 4 ), to the fresh air flowing in opposite directions, ie from the outside. A large part of the transmission heat is absorbed by the still relatively cold fresh air and transported back to the room.

Since the fresh air in the inner air layer ( 5 ) before the passage to the room is already thermally enriched with transmission heat, fan heat and possibly also with facade heat and has a higher temperature than the outside air, some of this gain heat separates again from the fresh air flowing into the room and goes away as transmission heat through the insulation layer ( 4 ). There, however, it meets in the outer air layer ( 3 ) the fresh air which flows in and is still relatively colder, with which it is picked up and transported back to the room.

The soundproofing effect of the front element:

Light walls, such as wooden walls, gas concrete walls and others, are known to have less airborne sound insulation than walls with a higher wall mass weight. However, it is also known that the airborne soundproofing of a lightweight wall can be considerably improved with a professionally fitted facing. The new addition element (according to Fig. 1) can be arranged on new walls or old building walls of all kinds like any other soundproofing facing shell. For this purpose, basic battens (according to FIG. 2) made of edge slats ( f ) and punctiform short battens ( g ) that delimit the air layer are preferably anchored ( h ) to a core wall ( 6 ) of any type. The prefabricated prefabricated element, which is preferably prefabricated over a large area and has storey height, is then screwed onto this basic battens ( c ) or fastened with lightweight panel nails.

Air flow rate diagram:

The air-transporting fan can optionally be arranged outside, above (attic) or below (basement) the climate wall. The fan pushes the fresh air in from the outside through the wall structure and transports the heat picked up in the wall structure to the desired room. First of all, the fresh outside air that passes through reaches the outside air layer ( 3 ), passes through an opening ( k ) in the insulation layer ( 4 ) into the wall-side air layer ( 5 ) and flows from there through punctures in the core wall ( 6 ) into the desired room.

It can only be useful in the summer heat period be used to cool the air by means of a fan switch to pull through the wall from the inside out.  

Climatic wall attachment element Drawings + signs:

Fig. 1 = attachment element (vertical section) shortened

Fig. 2 = attachment element mounted on a core wall (vertical section) shortened

• Signs: 1 =, 7 exterior plaster 2 =, 7 gypsum plasterboard / rigid foam composite panel (exterior plaster base) 3 =, 7 air layer in the facing element 4 =, 7 gypsum board / rigid foam composite panel (thermal insulation) 5 =, 7 air layer between facing element and core wall 6 =, 7 core wall a =, 7 multiple perforations the outer plaster base outer shell ( 2 ) b =, 7 perforation for mounting screw ( c ) c =, 7 mounting screw with insert d =, 7 air stripe-limiting edge strips (plasterboard strips) e =, 7 short strip sections as punctual spacers f =, 7 edge battens as basic battens between 4 + 6 g = , 7 short battens as punctual, air layer-forming spacers between 4 + 6 h =, 7 basic battens anchoring on core wall ( 6 ) k =, 7 air outlet

Path of fresh air and wall heat:

The bypassing the outside temperature from the fan the window through the outer wall structure of a climate wall fresh air pressed with the front cover - which also Wall heat transfer worried - penetrates the Wall layers in the order:

Outside → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6 → room

Claims (3)

1. Attachment element for the functional optimization of a climate wall in which the fresh air is bypassed through the windows from the outside by a fan through the outer wall structure and thereby takes part of the stored facade heat and then causes a transmission heat reversal effect, characterized in that the innovative attachment element ( Fig. 1) is preferably prefabricated from two different thicknesses of plasterboard / rigid foam composite panels ( 2 + 4 ), with the facing gypsum board surfaces enclosing an air layer ( 3 ) by means of delimiting ( d ) and spaced-apart ( e ) plasterboard strips. 2. Attachment element according to claim 1, characterized in that the hard foam cover layer of the plasterboard / hard foam composite panel arranged on the outside ( 2 ) has a multiple perforation ( a ) over the entire outer surface, which penetrates the hard foam covering to the plasterboard panel. 3. attachment element according to claims 1-2, characterized in that to form a second wall-side air layer ( 5 ) (according. Fig. 2) a basic battens from continuous edge battens ( f ) and punctiform short battens ( g ) on the core wall ( 6 ) is arranged by means of dowels ( h ), to which the attachment element according to the invention is then fastened, preferably by means of screws ( c ) which penetrate the perforations ( b ).