DE3619631A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CROSS-ROLLING PROFILED ROTATIONAL PROFILES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for cross rolling profiled rotation profiles, especially gear wheels, by means of rolling dies, which are made by a radial Feed component and a tangential rolling component compound feed movement to a rolling movement on Workpiece are driven.

The well-known rolling process for the production of profiled Rotation profiles, especially gear wheels (DIN 8583) common that the rolling jaws to a lifting movement driven, where they deform the workpiece material. The tool surfaces engaging with the workpiece can, for example, an external toothing, a straight Form a rack or an internal toothing. The Penetration process of the individual tool teeth in the Workpiece material is on the one hand from the tool geometry and on the other hand dependent on the stroke movement of the tool.

Each tool tooth penetrates in the course of the cyclical Machining process several times in the workpiece. With increasing deformation of the workpiece does not increase only the one in contact with the tool Workpiece surface; there is also increasing solidification  of the workpiece material. Both factors cause the Penetration of the tool tooth increased resistance is opposed. In addition, with everyone Penetration process of different volumes of material be deformed. This has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of each molded Workpiece tooth and leads to errors in the resulting Gear geometry.

The tool toothing engages in the workpiece in the known methods according to the theoretically given Gear ratios where the Tooth penetration path is a cycloid; stays here completely disregarding the fact that Interaction relationships as a result of the deformation processes significantly from these theoretical interventions differ.

This also applies to a known method at the outset mentioned type (DE-PS 19 05 949). A circulating Lifting movement of the tools is done by storing everyone Roll jaw on two synchronously driven crankshafts reached. However, this type of tool drive enables no adaptation to the respective requirements of the Deformation process.

The object of the invention is therefore a method of train the type mentioned so that an optimal Adaptation to the respective requirements of the Deformation process is made possible.

This object is achieved in that each Roll jaw driven to a tangential rolling movement which is separate from the radial feed movement is controlled. This will make these two possible Tool movements, namely the tangential rolling movement and the radial feed movement, depending on the  to optimally control the respective penetration state. For the first time thereby not only the one aimed at as the final state Workpiece geometry taken into account, but also the Flow processes of the material in every intermediate state between the first tool intervention and the Completion of the profile to be created.

The radial ones are preferably controlled Feed movement and the tangential rolling movement in the Way that in every unit of time approximately the same Material volumes are deformed. It has been shown that the control criterion of the constant Deformation volumes for particularly good work results leads, especially with regard to manufacturing accuracy, but also the tool and machine stress.

If in this connection by the separate control the tangential rolling movement and the radial Feed movement is spoken, it should be noted that it is not a purely tangential rolling movement and / or a purely radial feed movement must act. In In many cases, the radial feed motion becomes one more have tangential motion component like this for example in the known crankshaft drive Rolling jaws are already the case, and the tangential Rolling motion will have a radial motion component for example if the guidance of the rolling jaws on a curved path takes place.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the radial feed movement of all the rolling jaws takes place continuous and synchronous and the tangential rolling movement each roll jaw is controlled separately. The Control process is considerably simplified in that the Control intervention depending on the Deformation conditions only with the tangential drive of the Rolling jaws, but not with the radial drive.  

The invention further relates to an advantageous device to carry out the procedure. Starting from one known device (DE-PS 19 05 949) with at least two Rolling jaws, each on a tool holder are synchronized on the eccentric crank pin of two crankshafts driven to one another is mounted and closed a circular movement can be driven parallel to itself, the device according to the invention is characterized in that that the rolling jaws are movably supported on the tool carriers are and each with a controllable drive device are connected, and that both tool carriers on each two crankshafts on each other by 180 ° offset crank pin are stored.

By storing the two tool carriers on the two Crankshafts will not only be one compared to the known one Device achieved much simpler machine construction; the machine structure is also much more stable and stiffer, because the force flow of those occurring during the deformation process considerable forces are closed on a short path; it should be emphasized in particular that the power flow not about the bearing of the crankshafts on the machine frame is led, but in the two tool carriers is short-circuited. This will spring open the opposite rolling jaws during the forming process largely excluded; only then can one Deformation process adapted control of the tangential Realize rolling motion of the jaws.

By linking the drive of both tool carriers via two common crankshafts is precise synchronization guaranteed simply and without play.

Further advantageous refinements of the inventive concept are the subject of further subclaims.  

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments explained, which are shown in the drawing:

Fig. 1 tion profiles in a highly schematic representation, an apparatus for transverse rolling of profiled Rota,

Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through a constructive embodiment of such a device,

Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III in Fig. 2 and

Fig. 4-7 in each case offset by 90 ° to each other rotary positions of the crankshafts in simplified Dar a device for transverse rolling of profiled rotation profiles, each showing a) a horizontal section similar to FIG. 2, the illustration b) an end view and the representation c) shows a spatial, exploded arrangement of the essential parts of the device.

According to the highly schematic representation according to FIG. 1, two rolling jaws 1, 2 , which are designed as flat jaws and have on one side a straight tool toothing 3 or 4 , are each received on a tool carrier 5 or 6 . They are guided on linear guideways 7 and 8 respectively. The two tool carriers 5 , 6 are mounted on a machine frame 9 such that they can be moved relative to one another. The rolling jaws 1 , 2 are in engagement with a workpiece 10 arranged between them, which is mounted in a bearing 11 fixed to the frame and can be moved axially, this axial movement even being the main movement of the forming process.

A drive device 12 drives the two tool carriers 5 , 6 synchronously with an opposite, radial feed movement. In each case a separate drive device 13 or 14 drives the rolling jaws 1 or 2 along the guideways 7 or 8 for tangential rolling movements.

The drive devices 12 , 13 and 14 are controlled by a control device 15 in such a way that the tool carriers 5, 6 execute their radial feed movement continuously and synchronously, preferably in cyclical movement sequences. The drive devices 13 , 14 are controlled such that the tangential rolling movements of the rolling jaws 1 , 2 are controlled synchronously with the cyclical radial feed movement, but as a function of the respective stage of the deformation process.

While the illustration of FIG. 1, only the explanation of the control and motion sequence is showing the following Fig. 2 to 7, an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention in kontruktiver embodiment.

The two tool carriers 5 and 6 carry the rolling jaws 1 and 2 on the two parallel, vertical guide tracks 7 and 8 , which are provided with roller bearings 16 , 17 in the exemplary embodiment shown. Each tool carrier 5 or 6 is mounted on two common crankshafts 18 , 19 , which can be driven synchronously, for example, by a gear 20 , only indicated in FIG. 2. Other options are the crankshafts 18 , 19 connecting the two crankshafts or two separate drives on both crankshafts 18 , 19 , the two tool carriers effecting the forced synchronization as crankshafts. Each tool carrier 5 or 6 is mounted on each crankshaft 18 or 19 on an eccentric crank pin 20 , 21 or 22 , 23 . The two crank pins 20 , 22 and 21 , 23 of each crankshaft 18 and 19 are offset from one another by 180 °.

If the crankshafts 18 , 19 are driven synchronously and in the same direction, both tool carriers 5 , 6 each perform angularly synchronous movements symmetrically with respect to one another by 180 °, all points of the tool carriers 5 , 6 moving parallel to one another on circular paths whose radius is equal to the eccentricity of the Crank pin is 20 to 23 . The drive devices 13 and 14 ( FIG. 3) drive the rolling jaws 1 , 2 designed as flat jaws for tangential rolling movements. These tangential rolling movements take place asymmetrically to one another at the beginning of the deformation process, ie when the division of the toothing to be produced is determined.

In the central region of the deformation process, ie when the profile to be produced is already partially shaped, the tangential rolling movements of the rolling jaws 1, 2 are preferably carried out symmetrically to one another. At this stage of the deformation process, however, the tooth profile produced would always be asymmetrical or unequal if the rolling motion was always the same. This can be prevented by the tangential rolling movement of the rolling jaws 1 , 2 taking place in the opposite direction during the subsequent movement cycle of the tools.

The two crankshafts 18 , 19 are each mounted on the frame in two bearing blocks 24 . A central bore 25 in each tool carrier 5 or 6 enables the axial insertion and advancement of the workpiece 10 .

FIGS. 4 to 7 show four consecutive positions of the machine components described above during a single of a plurality of successive processing cycles.

In FIG. 4, the crankshaft 18, shown 19 in the angular position of 0 °, in Fig. 5 in the angular position 90 ° in Fig. 6 in the angular position of 180 °, and in Fig. 7 in the angular position of 270 ° are. The resulting positions of the two tool carriers 5, 6 and - in each case in representations a) and b) - the radial positions of the rolling jaws 1 , 2 relative to the workpiece 10 can be seen .

For the sake of simplicity of illustration, the roller jaws 1 , 2 are omitted in the illustrations c); the tool carriers 5 , 6 and the respective front bearing blocks 24 are shown partially cut away.

Instead of the illustrated design of the rolling jaws 1 , 2 as flat jaws and / or the linear design of the guide tracks 7 , 8 , rolling jaws with curved machining surfaces, in particular concave or convex circular arcs, can also be selected. It is also possible to accommodate the rolling jaws in rotary bearings on the tool carriers 5 , 6 and to design the drive devices 13 , 14 as rotary drives, while in the illustrated exemplary embodiments only translatory drives were indicated for this purpose, which can be hydraulic cylinders, rack drives or spindle drives, for example.

The separate control of the three drive devices 12 , 13 and 14 makes it possible to achieve significantly better workpiece geometries than known methods and devices. In addition to the favorable influence on the forming process itself, the subsequent calibration process is of great importance.

Examples of machining external profiled, massive workpieces. Instead it is also possible to produce internally profiled rotation profiles, for example internally toothed sleeves, only one appropriate design of the rolling jaws is necessary. Also thin-walled workpieces can simultaneously inside and outside be provided with a profile, whereby for the Inner profile a profiled mandrel is used.

Claims (10)

1. A method for transverse rolling of profiled rotary profiles, in particular gears, by means of rolling jaws which are driven by a feed movement composed of a radial feed component and a tangential rolling component to form a rolling movement on the workpiece, characterized in that each rolling jaw ( 1 , 2 ) is tangential Rolling movement is driven, which is controlled separately from the radial feed movement. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control of the radial feed movement and the tangential rolling movement takes place in such a way that in each Unit of time deformed approximately the same material volumes will. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial feed movement of all the rolling jaws ( 1 , 2 ) takes place continuously and synchronously and that the tangential rolling movements of each rolling jaw ( 1 , 2 ) are controlled separately. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in the control of the tangential rolling movement of each roll jaw ( 1 , 2 ), a tangential movement component already carried out together with the radial feed movement is taken into account. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tangential rolling movements of the rolling jaws ( 1 , 2 ) are controlled synchronously with the cyclical radial feed movement. 6. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5 with at least two rolling jaws, each of which is received on a tool carrier, which is mounted on eccentric crank pins of at least two synchronously driven crankshafts and can be driven in a circular movement parallel to itself, characterized in that the roller jaws (1, 2) to the tool carriers (5, 6) are movably mounted and are each connected to a controllable drive means (13, 14) and in that both tool carrier (5, 6) on each of the two crankshafts (18 , 19 ) are mounted on crank pins ( 20 , 22 and 21 , 23 ), respectively, which are offset by 180 °. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rolling jaws ( 1 , 2 ) on the tool carriers ( 5 , 6 ) on rectilinear guideways ( 7 , 8 ) are mounted. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rolling jaws ( 1 , 2 ) are flat jaws. 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rolling jaws are each received in a rotary bearing on the tool carrier ( 5 , 6 ). 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the crankshafts ( 18 , 19 ) can be driven at a constant speed and that a control device ( 15 ), the drive devices ( 13 , 14 ) of the two rolling jaws ( 1 , 2 ) synchronously, but separately controls each other depending on a predetermined control function.