DE3607190A1 - Process for manufacturing plasterboards and plaster radiation protection board - Google Patents

Abstract

Plasterboards to be used as radiation protection boards are manufactured by mixing the plaster required with a radiation-absorbing proportion of barium or barytes and then processing this further into plasterboards, i.e. curing (hardening). The barytes is brought to the same particle size as the plaster, the mixing being able to be carried out either during joint comminution or when mixing with water or even subsequently. The corresponding treatment ensures that a plaster mixture having a uniform distribution of barytes or barium is made available for the manufacture of the plaster/cardboard boards. The mixture taking up the barytes is arranged in cured form centrally between the support layers, preferably of cardboard, so that overall a solid board is obtained, for example with the dimensions 2.50 m . 1.25 m . 12.5 mm. However, other dimensions are also conceivable, in particular it is possible to make the plasterboard, for example, have a total thickness of 15 mm. With such plasterboards, the ceiling and also the floor and also in particular the walls can be covered and made safe. In the interests of simplicity, the plaster intended for the floor is mixed with a corresponding amount of barytes so that the flooring itself has the appropriate effect. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of plasterboard, especially plasterboard for the Use in X-ray or similar radiation Clear the plaster mixed with water on the Cardboard web laid on, distributed, with a second cardboard web covered and then heated to after curing to be divided into plates. The invention relates also a plasterboard for use in rooms exposed to radiation, consisting of two support layers and the intermediate middle layer of hardened Plaster. Finally, the invention relates to another Gypsum screed for use in rooms exposed to radiation.

To protect against electromagnetic radiation the walls in hospitals and also in industrial areas of the rooms with the corresponding equipment Provide cladding consisting of load-bearing panels, on which a lead foil is laminated or glued. The disadvantage here is that the manufacturing costs for such plates with applied lead foil is high and that handling is difficult due to the large weight. A disadvantage is the special care that has to be taken to not to damage the relatively thin lead foil. Such Lead foils have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, whereby the lead itself is good in terms of radioactivity has a shielding effect. With longer idle times however, this shielding effect diminishes, what as another The disadvantage of the known protective plates is to be noted. Finally, the lead foil can come off the base course or loosen the support plate so that there are leaky areas or radiation-unprotected areas result in a Environmental hazard.

The invention has for its object a method to create radiation protection plates,  that is simple and evenly secure shielding guaranteed and to create a radiation protection plate, which is stable, easy to handle and easy to process is.

The object is achieved in that the plaster with a radiation-absorbing portion of barium mixed and then treated with this to gypsum boards becomes.

With such a method it is possible to the entire dimension of each plate one evenly sealed and safe protection against radiation to reach. The plasterboard once made in this way is retained their radiation protection effect over a long service life, as a Dissolution of the once made and hardened Mixtures are no longer possible. Even with one the corresponding moisturizing has the effect, so that plates made in particular for Shielding of X-ray rooms and Areas are suitable. There the barium also in an appropriate mixture with plaster retains its radiation protection effect, in particular simple and safe production of panels of any size to highlight as an advantage.

After an expedient further development of the method the plaster of raw barite, which previously had the same grain size how the gypsum was ground, mixed. The barite can, with appropriate purity, without further Pretreatment subjected directly to the manufacturing process be, with conventional aggregates the crushing is accomplished so that a uniform porridge can be produced, which then as usual with the pure Plaster usual, processed, i.e. with the cardboard webs covered and then cured. By cutting of any size individual plates it is possible, depending  plates adapted to the intended location are available to put so that worked with as few joints as possible becomes.

Early mixing of gypsum and barite will achieved especially when plaster and barite together ground, mixed with water and then further treated will. This joint treatment ensures early treatment Mixing the different ingredients, whereby in particular through the joint grinding process the necessary Uniformity of the mixture of barite and plaster is guaranteed.

The posed on plasterboard Strength requirements are easily guaranteed while ensuring adequate absorption, by the barium or barite in a ratio of 15 to 40%, preferably 30% is admixed. First, it is possible to ensure the necessary strength for the end plate and on the other hand there is also the necessary radiation protection achieved, especially by the even distribution of the barite or barium in plaster a relatively thick overall layer is specified. Advantageously, the barite has the same Color like the plaster, so therefore none Problems exist, especially if they are correspondingly purer Barite is used.

Another option is a radiation protection plate is a mixture of barite and Mix in lead oxide, which in turn only causes the components with white color components are to be mixed so that the entire coloring and overall Stability is optimized. Gypsum, barite and lead oxide can surprisingly evenly mixed together so that there is a consistently stable structure, about that the rays are held back safely.  

In the gypsum board produced by the process the gypsum middle layer lies between two Support layers, preferably the cardboard layers. To Once the plaster has hardened, these panels are easy to use to be transported and handled safely. The Middle layer consists of a mixture of gypsum and barite and / or lead oxide, so that the target according to the invention Radiation protection plate is given. A manageable one and at the same time effectively absorbing the rays Gypsum board is created when the middle class and the Support layers together a thickness of 12.5 to 18 mm, preferably have 15 mm. The 15 mm thick Radiation protection plate is in the usual dimensions of 1.25 m × 2.50 m easy to handle, especially if it has a thickness of 15 mm, especially since it is one has greater inherent stability, but also on the other hand has an improved radiation absorption effect.

When there is a high level of radiation or when necessary very tight closure of corresponding rooms it is from Advantage if on one or both support layers from the outside laminated a lead foil or the surface is coated accordingly. The so combined Radiation protection plate with lead foil or even double lead Film provides almost 100% radiation absorption, sufficient absorption is always guaranteed is, even if the lead foil is made of any Partially or entirely from the plasterboard should be replaced. Use is restricted to special cases.

Especially where the plasterboard also has one can have more than that, it is from Advantage if the middle layer has two layers is, an outer partial plate acting as a base layer made of almost pure plaster and the inner panel a high percentage mixture of gypsum / barite in the ratio  50: 50 exists. Here the one consisting of the mixture needs Partial plate does not have the high load capacity and stability to show, because the outer acting as a base layer Partial plate is suitable to take over these forces. The applied inner part plate, however, has only that Task to hold back the rays so that the environment is not endangered.

A further training provides that the Middle layer is formed of three layers, with between two plasterboards consisting of plaster one made of one high-percentage gypsum / barite mixture existing sub-board is arranged. Here is the one that restrains the rays middle part plate securely between the two load-bearing Partial plates arranged so that they also through Shocks cannot be damaged, causing the Radiation protection effect advantageous even over long periods Downtimes is guaranteed.

Not only the walls and the ceiling are through to design appropriate gypsum boards with radiation protection, but also the actual floor. For this purpose, that the intended for the radiation-exposed area Floor is provided with a screed that is a mixture of common screed gypsum, sand and barite, the The share of barite is 30%. Here is one too Variation of the proportions between gypsum and barite easily possible, depending on whether on the screed higher usage properties or more of it Protective properties are expected and required.

The invention is characterized in particular by that a manufacturing process is created with which integrated radiation protection plate without much effort and essentially without additional investment costs can be manufactured. Such gypsum boards can for  the most diverse purposes are measured, what for the thickness as well as for width and length applies. The barium or barite receiving it Middle layer through the two support layers, preferably always kept securely from cardboard, so that large quantities of radiation protection material can be introduced without that the strength of such plasterboard would be affected. This applies in particular if Baryte or barium or lead oxide accordingly with the plaster is held between the two support layers. Even though even these support layers in themselves have no particular Having stability forms the entire product a plasterboard with sufficient strength and the good processing ability. Corresponding plasterboard can be provided in any size and then used on site as required and are processed. They hold regardless of theirs Place of use the interior of each room from rays free, which is especially in the health area positively noticeable, especially for people who use devices have to handle with such rays.

More details and advantages of the Subject of the invention result from the following Description of the accompanying drawing, in which preferred Exemplary embodiments with the necessary details and individual parts are shown. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a gypsum board in section, Fig. 2 is a gypsum board used as a wall plate and ceiling,

Fig. 3 is a gypsum board construction used as a partition,

Fig. 4 is a working with metal components plasterboard construction,

Fig. 5 is a multi-layer plasterboard in section and

Fig. 6 is an assembly ceiling with several plasterboards arranged one above the other.

The plasterboard ( 1 ) shown in section in FIG. 1 consists of an upper support layer ( 2 ), the middle layer ( 3 ) consisting of the mixture of gypsum and barite and a lower support layer ( 4 ). The two support layers ( 2 , 4 ) are a cardboard material. During the production of the gypsum board ( 1 ), the still liquid area made of gypsum and barite, possibly with the addition of lead oxide, is applied and distributed until the middle layer ( 3 ) has its intended thickness, whereupon the further support layer ( 2 ) is then placed. The upper and the lower support layer ( 2 , 4 ) are then initially drenched in order to then give an integrated plasterboard ( 1 ) during the drying and curing process.

Such gypsum boards ( 1 ) are applied according to FIG. 2 as wall protection in front of the masonry ( 6 ) and at the same time as a ceiling. The plasterboard ( 1 ) according to FIG. 1 is applied to the masonry ( 6 ) via a substructure ( 7 ). Insulation ( 8 ) is arranged between the two, so that there is advantageous thermal protection.

The screed floor ( 9 ) consists of a mixture of conventional screed components with the addition of barite in the amount of about 30%. This provides effective radiation protection downwards. About the baseboard ( 10 ), the plasterboard ( 1 ) is secured in the lower area, while in the ceiling area the plasterboard ( 1 ') protrudes, which in turn is appropriately securely mounted on the ceiling structure ( 11 ).

According to Fig. 3, a plasterboard ( 1 , 1 '') serves as a partition ( 13 ). Such a partition ( 13 ) is arranged in such a way that it divides such a space safely and sufficiently stably, but can also be removed afterwards with little effort, using conventional support structures ( 14 ) or ceiling structures ( 11 ).

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which a corresponding metal structure is provided here instead of the wooden structure shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The metal support structures ( 14 ) used here are advantageously stable, but above all, they are moisture-insensitive and easy to transport and handle.

Fig. 5 shows a gypsum board ( 1 ), which in principle has a structure that corresponds to the gypsum board ( 1 ) shown in Fig. 1. However, a lead foil ( 16 ) is first applied to the lower support layer ( 4 ), which additionally provides effective radiation protection in this direction. In addition, the bar layer and / or lead oxide-absorbing middle layer ( 3 ) is itself formed in three layers. While the outer partial plates ( 17 , 19 ) essentially consist of conventional gypsum, the middle partial plate ( 18 ) is made of a mixture of gypsum and barium or barite as well as lead oxide, the ratio 50:50 or in favor of the barite can be higher. The middle part plate ( 18 ) is given the necessary stability by the outer part plates ( 17 , 19 ). The processing of such gypsum boards in the ceiling area is particularly favorable with the mounting ceiling ( 21 ) shown in FIG. 6. A metal structure ( 22 ) is provided here, over which a ceiling, for example used as a fire protection ceiling, is attached. The individual plate joints ( 23 , 26 ) are effectively covered by a correspondingly offset arrangement of the gypsum boards ( 24 , 25 ) in such a way that rays cannot pass through in this area either.

As already mentioned further above, a plasterboard plate, for example 15 mm thick, is shown in FIG. 5, in which the middle layer ( 3 ) is formed in three layers. All variations are possible here, not only that the partial plate ( 18 ) containing the barite is arranged in the center, but rather it can also be arranged outside, for example on the side covered with the lead foil ( 16 ), so that depending on the destination and Task a compact or a multi-layer radiation protection plate is created. Instead of the staggered arrangement according to FIG. 6, it is also possible here to create the resulting panel joints ( 23 , 26 ), for example, by placing them in place or, if necessary, and as far as possible, by placing correspondingly narrow panels that cover the respective panel joints ( 23 , 25 ). cover, secure.

Claims (11)

1. A process for the production of gypsum board, in particular gypsum board for use in rooms exposed to X-rays or similar rays, the gypsum being mixed with water, placed on the board web, distributed, covered with a second board web and then heated to after Hardening to be divided into panels, characterized in that the gypsum is mixed with a radiation-absorbing portion of barium and then further treated with this to form gypsum panels. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the gypsum pipe barite, which previously had the same grit how the gypsum has been ground is mixed in. 3. The method according to claim 1 and claim 2, characterized, that gypsum and barite ground together, mixed with water and then be treated further. 4. The method according to claim 1 to claim 3, characterized, that the barium or barite in a ratio of 15 to 40%, preferably 30% is admixed. 5. The method according to claim 1 and claim 4, characterized, that a mixture of barite and lead oxide is added to the gypsum becomes. 6. Gypsum board for use in radiation-exposed rooms, consisting of two support layers and the intermediate layer of hardened gypsum, characterized in that the middle layer ( 3 ) consists of a mixture of gypsum and barite and / or lead oxide, which is between the support layers ( 2 , 4 ) is arranged cured. 7. Gypsum board according to claim 6, characterized in that the middle layer ( 3 ) and the support layers ( 2 , 4 ) together have a thickness of 12.5 to 18 mm, preferably 15 mm. 8. Gypsum board according to claim 6, characterized in that on one or both support layers ( 4 ) a lead foil ( 16 ) is laminated from the outside or the surface is coated accordingly. 9. Gypsum board according to claim 6, characterized in that the middle layer ( 3 ) is formed in two layers, an outer part plate ( 17 ) acting as a base layer made of approximately pure gypsum and the inner part plate ( 18 ) made of a high-percentage mixture of gypsum and barite in There is a 50:50 ratio. 10. Gypsum board according to claim 6, characterized in that the middle layer ( 3 ) is formed of three layers, a partial board consisting of a high-proof gypsum / barite mixture being arranged between two partial boards ( 17 , 19 ) consisting of gypsum. 11. Gypsum screed for use in rooms exposed to radiation, characterized in that the screed mass of the screed floor ( 9 ) is a mixture of conventional screed gypsum, sand and barite, the proportion of barite being 30%.