DE3566478D1 - Active cooling system for electrochemical cells - Google Patents
Active cooling system for electrochemical cellsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3566478D1 DE3566478D1 DE8585306653T DE3566478T DE3566478D1 DE 3566478 D1 DE3566478 D1 DE 3566478D1 DE 8585306653 T DE8585306653 T DE 8585306653T DE 3566478 T DE3566478 T DE 3566478T DE 3566478 D1 DE3566478 D1 DE 3566478D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cooling system
- electrochemical cells
- active cooling
- active
- electrochemical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/658,015 US4578324A (en) | 1984-10-05 | 1984-10-05 | Active cooling system for electrochemical cells |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3566478D1 true DE3566478D1 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
Family
ID=24639562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE8585306653T Expired DE3566478D1 (en) | 1984-10-05 | 1985-09-18 | Active cooling system for electrochemical cells |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4578324A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0177225B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61173470A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1250015A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3566478D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (71)
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JPS62264564A (ja) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-17 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 積層燃料電池 |
DE3735931A1 (de) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-05-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | Hochtemperaturspeicherbatterie |
IT1218084B (it) * | 1988-06-16 | 1990-04-12 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Polimeri conduttori utilizzabili per la realizzazione di batterie completamente a secco |
DE4029901A1 (de) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-26 | Licentia Gmbh | Hochenergiebatterie |
US5162171A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1992-11-10 | Globe-Union Inc. | Metal oxide-hydrogen battery having modules extending longitudinally of the pressure vessel |
US5370711A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1994-12-06 | Ev Energy Systems, Inc. | Method for making an electrical energy storage device |
JP3317560B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-19 | 2002-08-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電動車両の電池冷却構造 |
US5449571A (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 1995-09-12 | Store Heat And Produce Energy, Inc. | Encapsulations for thermal management system for battery |
US5487955A (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1996-01-30 | Electric Fuel (E.F.L.) Ltd. | Cooled zinc-oxygen battery |
DE4419281C1 (de) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-12-14 | Daimler Benz Ag | Hochtemperaturbatterie |
US5753384A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1998-05-19 | Electric Fuel (E.F.L.) Ltd. | Air-cooled metal-air battery |
US5879833A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-03-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Power supply unit and heat radiation method therefor |
DE19649691C2 (de) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-10-15 | Siemens Ag | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennstoffzellenbatterie sowie Verfahren zu deren Kühlung |
US6146778A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-11-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Solid-state energy storage module employing integrated interconnect board |
US6087036A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-07-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Thermal management system and method for a solid-state energy storing device |
US6110612A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-08-29 | Plug Power Inc. | Structure for common access and support of fuel cell stacks |
US6432566B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2002-08-13 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell power plant |
US6355368B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2002-03-12 | Plug Power Inc. | Cooling method and apparatus for use with a fuel cell stack |
DE10034134A1 (de) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Wärmetauscherstruktur für mehrere elektrochemische Speicherzellen |
US6733910B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2004-05-11 | Power Plug Inc. | Fuel cell coolant tank system |
JP4118014B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-31 | 2008-07-16 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電源装置 |
US20020086294A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-04 | Ellson Richard N. | Device and method for tracking conditions in an assay |
US6649290B2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-11-18 | Cellex Power Products, Inc. | Fuel cell thermal management system and method |
US20040043274A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-03-04 | Scartozzi John P. | Fuel cell power system |
DE10130369A1 (de) * | 2001-06-23 | 2003-01-02 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen einer Fahrzeugeinrichtung, insbesondere Batterie oder Brennstoffzelle |
JP4361229B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-04 | 2009-11-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電池システム |
FR2827427B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-11-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustile a gestion thermique optimisee |
US6703722B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2004-03-09 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Reconfigurable plural DC power source power system responsive to changes in the load or the plural DC power sources |
JP2004134181A (ja) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池容器構造 |
CN100388529C (zh) * | 2003-03-06 | 2008-05-14 | 费希尔-罗斯蒙德系统公司 | 用于电蓄电池的热流动调节盖 |
US20050026014A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | Michael Fogaing | Polymer batteries having thermal exchange apparatus |
JP4418358B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-14 | 2010-02-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
KR20060087100A (ko) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 스택과 이를 갖는 연료 전지 시스템 |
US20060246331A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Steinbroner Matthew P | Partitioned fuel cell stacks and fuel cell systems including the same |
US20070009787A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2007-01-11 | Straubel Jeffrey B | Method and apparatus for mounting, cooling, connecting and protecting batteries |
US7361427B1 (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2008-04-22 | The United States Of America Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Manifold for a pile configured battery |
DE102007009315A1 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-30 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Kühlung elektrischer Elemente |
JP4857896B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2012-01-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 組電池および車両 |
JP2010503976A (ja) * | 2006-09-18 | 2010-02-04 | マグナ・シユタイル・フアールツオイクテヒニク・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト・ウント・コンパニー・コマンデイトゲゼルシヤフト | モジュール化電池装置 |
DE102006045564A1 (de) | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Kühlung elektrischer Elemente |
US20080087406A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | The Boeing Company | Cooling system and associated method for planar pulsating heat pipe |
CN101647136B (zh) * | 2007-02-14 | 2012-08-29 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | 电池及其传热结构 |
JP4513815B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2010-07-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 蓄電装置 |
US20090116332A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Hsi-Ming Shu | Multi-functional fuel mixing tank |
DE102007061562A1 (de) | 2007-12-18 | 2009-07-02 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energiespeicherung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Betriebsverfahren |
DE102008014155A1 (de) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg | Modulares Batteriesystem mit Kühlsystem |
US8663828B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2014-03-04 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery systems, battery module, and method for cooling the battery module |
DE102009048249A1 (de) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-07 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Energiespeichereinheit mit verlängerter Lebensdauer |
DE102009051298A1 (de) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | Tlk-Thermo Gmbh | Kühlsystem für eine Brennstoffzelle |
US20110262794A1 (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | Jihyoung Yoon | Battery pack and cooling system for a battery pack |
WO2012060031A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電池モジュール |
WO2012069054A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Danfoss Drives A/S | An energy transfer device |
WO2012091459A2 (ko) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 모듈 수납장치, 배터리 모듈 온도조절 장치 및 이들을 포함하는 전력 저장 시스템 |
JP2013033723A (ja) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-02-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 組電池 |
JP2013157182A (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-15 | Denso Corp | 電池温調装置 |
US10256514B2 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2019-04-09 | Johnson Controls Technology Llc | Air cooled thermal management system for HEV battery pack |
EP2851991B1 (de) * | 2012-05-17 | 2018-11-21 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Batteriemodul |
GB2502977B (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-07-15 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | A vehicle battery pack, a system for cooling a battery pack and a cooling plate for use in the system |
JP6114613B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2017-04-12 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 蓄電池の温度調整装置 |
DE102013113797A1 (de) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | Akasol Gmbh | Etagenelement, Seitenteil und Kühlmodul sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kühlmoduls |
DE102013225523A1 (de) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlelement |
CN107851867B (zh) | 2015-08-05 | 2020-09-29 | 日轻热交株式会社 | 冷却器 |
US10218043B2 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2019-02-26 | Faraday & Future Inc. | Dual phase battery cooling system |
DE102016104179A1 (de) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Traktionsbatterie für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug, entsprechendes Fahrzeug und Verwendungsverfahren |
DE102016104168A1 (de) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Traktionsbatterie für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug, entsprechendes Fahrzeug und Verwendungsverfahren |
JP6670448B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-16 | 2020-03-25 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | 蓄電モジュール |
DE102017101142A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Otto Altmann | Wärmetauscher bzw. Wärmetauscheranordnung für eine Kühleinrichtung und eine Kühleinrichtung mit einem solchen Wärmetauscher |
CN107403975B (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-09-27 | 精进电动科技股份有限公司 | 一种储能电池液冷系统均流装置和方法 |
DE102018201632A1 (de) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Batteriemodul mit mindestens einer Zelle |
ES2745350B2 (es) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-11-16 | Torres Martinez M | Bateria electroquimica presurizada y proceso de fabricacion de la misma |
CN111146517B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-12-01 | 珠海泰坦新动力电子有限公司 | 电池化成恒温设备的控制方法 |
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US3880670A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1975-04-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Electrochemical cell separator plate means |
JPS52122844A (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1977-10-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Stacked structure battery |
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US4189527A (en) * | 1979-01-17 | 1980-02-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Spherical heat pipe metal-hydrogen cell |
US4233369A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1980-11-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell cooler assembly and edge seal means therefor |
US4310605A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1982-01-12 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. | Fuel cell system |
JPS57138782A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1982-08-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
US4342816A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1982-08-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fuel cell stack arrangements |
US4478918A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1984-10-23 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell stack |
US4397918A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-08-09 | Energy Research Corporation | Fuel cell stack shorting method and apparatus |
DE3218410A1 (de) * | 1982-05-15 | 1983-11-17 | Accumulatorenwerke Hoppecke Carl Zoellner & Sohn GmbH & Co KG, 5790 Brilon | Galvanisches element, insbesondere metall-luft-zelle |
US4444851A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-04-24 | Energy Research Corporation | Fuel cell stack |
-
1984
- 1984-10-05 US US06/658,015 patent/US4578324A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-09-10 CA CA000490324A patent/CA1250015A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-18 DE DE8585306653T patent/DE3566478D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-09-18 EP EP19850306653 patent/EP0177225B1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-10-03 JP JP60219289A patent/JPS61173470A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0177225A1 (de) | 1986-04-09 |
JPH0586632B2 (de) | 1993-12-13 |
CA1250015A (en) | 1989-02-14 |
JPS61173470A (ja) | 1986-08-05 |
US4578324A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
EP0177225B1 (de) | 1988-11-23 |
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