DE354327C - Process for the electroosmotic separation of substances consisting of dispersoids, such as suspension and emulsion colloids, ions and non-ionized bodies - Google Patents
Process for the electroosmotic separation of substances consisting of dispersoids, such as suspension and emulsion colloids, ions and non-ionized bodiesInfo
- Publication number
- DE354327C DE354327C DE1918354327D DE354327DA DE354327C DE 354327 C DE354327 C DE 354327C DE 1918354327 D DE1918354327 D DE 1918354327D DE 354327D A DE354327D A DE 354327DA DE 354327 C DE354327 C DE 354327C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ions
- suspension
- dispersoids
- ionized
- bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUYFLSARRQBQPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].[Ba+] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ba+] ZUYFLSARRQBQPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/427—Electro-osmosis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
Es ist bekannt, mit Hilfe des elektrischen Stromes unter Verwendung geeigneter Diaphragmen Gemische zu trennen, die aus Dispersoiden verschiedenster Art, wie Suspensions- und Emulsionskolloiden, Ionen und nicht ionisierten Körpern bestehen.It is known to use electric current using suitable Diaphragms to separate mixtures that consist of dispersoids of various types, such as suspension and emulsion colloids, ions and non-ionized bodies.
Damit das Verfahren zum Ziele führt, ist es häufig notwendig, daß während der elektroosmotischen Behandlung in der zu beh'andelnden Suspension eine bestimmte Ionenart bzw. lonenkonzentration aufrecht erhalten wird, sei es, um den Wanderungssinn der zu trennenden Substanzen oder die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit im günstigsten Sinne zu beeinflüssen, sei es, um chemische und physikalische Veränderungen der gelegentlich sehr empfindlichen Substanzen zu verhindern.In order for the procedure to be successful, it is often necessary that during the electroosmotic Treatment in the suspension to be treated a certain type of ion or Ion concentration is maintained, be it to the sense of migration to be separated To influence substances or the speed of migration in the most favorable sense, be it to chemical and physical changes of the occasionally very sensitive Prevent substances.
Dieses geschieht nach den bekannten Verfahren durch Anwendung von Diaphragmen mit ausgewähltem Potential.This is done according to the known method by using diaphragms with selected potential.
Je nach Wahl des Potentials der Diaphragmen ist es danach möglich, die Ionen mit ungleicher Geschwindigkeit abwandern zu lassen, so daß bei Anwendung der bekannten dreiteiligen Zelle das im Mittelraum befindliche Gemisch eine ganz bestimmte, z. B. saure, alkalische oder neutrale Reaktion bzw. eine bestimmte Ionenkonzentration annimmt. Indessen ist die Durchführung dieses Verfahrens praktisch durch die zur Verfügung stehenden Diaphragmenmateralien beschränkt. Sie versagt namentlich dann, wenn es sich um ein Gemisch sehr verschiedener, namentlich mehrwertiger Ionen handelt. Enthält das zu behandelnde Gemisch z. B. Ammoniumsulfat, so ist es auch bei Anwendung der bisher als am positivsten bekannten Diaphragmen nicht möglich, den Mittelraum neutral oder alkalisch zu halten, da die Ammoniumionen rascher abwandern als die S04-Ionen. Der Mittelraum wird demnach sauer. Befindet sich neben dem Ammoniumsulfat in dem Gemisch z. B. noch Eiweiß, so fällt dieses aus, was in den meisten Fällen unerwünscht ist.Depending on the choice of the potential of the diaphragms, it is then possible to let the ions migrate at unequal speeds, so that when the known three-part cell is used, the mixture in the middle space has a very specific, e.g. B. assumes an acidic, alkaline or neutral reaction or a certain ion concentration. However, the implementation of this method is practically limited by the diaphragm materials available. It fails especially when it is a question of a mixture of very different, namely polyvalent ions. If the mixture to be treated contains z. B. ammonium sulfate, so it is not possible even when using the most positive known diaphragms to keep the central space neutral or alkaline, since the ammonium ions migrate faster than the S0 4 ions. The middle room is therefore sour. Is next to the ammonium sulfate in the mixture, for. B. protein, this falls out, which is undesirable in most cases.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird in solchen 4S Fällen nun derart verfahren, daß in dem zu behandelnden Gemisch ungeeignete Ionen zum Zwecke der elektroosmotischen Behandlung durch geeignete ausgetauscht werden. Man ersetzt z. B. mehrwertige Ionen durch einwertige. According to the invention, in such 4S Cases now proceed in such a way that unsuitable ions for the mixture to be treated Purposes of electroosmotic treatment can be replaced by suitable ones. Man replaces z. B. polyvalent ions by monovalent.
In dem vorhin erwähnten Gemisch von Ammoniumsulfat und Eiweiß wird das SO4-Ion zweckmäßig durch das Anion der Essigsäure ersetzt, indem man mit der entsprechenden Menge Bariumacetat umsetzt und das ausfallende Bariumsulfat entfernt. Das verbleibende Gemisch von Ammoniumacetat und Eiweiß bleibt bei der elektroosmotischen Behandlung unter Anwendung eines positiven Diaphragmas an der Anode dauernd sehr schwach alkalisch, und das Eiweiß bleibt in Lösung.In the above-mentioned mixture of ammonium sulfate and egg white, the SO 4 ion is expediently replaced by the anion of acetic acid by reacting with the appropriate amount of barium acetate and removing the barium sulfate which has precipitated. The remaining mixture of ammonium acetate and egg white remains permanently very weakly alkaline in the electroosmotic treatment using a positive diaphragm at the anode, and the egg white remains in solution.
Ersetzt man das SO4-Ion durch Umsetzung mit Chlorbarium in analoger Weise durch das Chlorion, so läßt sich der Mittelraum dauernd schwach sauer erhalten.If the SO 4 ion is replaced by the chlorine ion by reaction with chlorobarium in an analogous manner, the central area can be kept permanently slightly acidic.
Das beschriebene Verfahren läßt sich inThe procedure described can be found in
mannigfacher Weise variieren. Es können einwertige Anionen durch andere einwertige Anionen, z. B. Chlorion durch organische einwertige Anionen, ferner mehrwertigeAnionen, wieSchwefelsäure-,Phosphorsäureionen durch gleich- oder verschiedenwertige geeignete anorganische oder organische Anionen ersetzt werden.vary in many ways. Monovalent anions can be replaced by other monovalent anions Anions, e.g. B. chlorine ion by organic monovalent anions, also polyvalent anions, such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid ions by suitable inorganic ions of the same or different value or organic anions are replaced.
Auch ungeeignete Kationen können durch geeignete ersetzt werden, z. B. Ca-, Mg-, Alii, dgl. Ionen durch NH4-, Na-, K-Ionen usw. Schließlich hat man es in der Hand, sowohl ungeeignete Anionen wie Kationen zu ersetzen. In einer Suspension, die z. B. Al2 SO4 Unsuitable cations can also be replaced by suitable ones, e.g. B. Ca-, Mg-, Alii, like. Ions by NH 4 -, Na-, K-ions etc. Finally, it is up to you to replace both unsuitable anions and cations. In a suspension z. B. Al 2 SO 4
enthält, kann das Al-Ion durch NH4-Ion, das 15 SO4-Ion durch ein einwertiges Anion ersetzt werdep.contains, the Al ion can be replaced by NH 4 ion and the 15 SO 4 ion by a monovalent anion.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE354327T | 1918-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE354327C true DE354327C (en) | 1922-06-10 |
Family
ID=33480568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1918354327D Expired DE354327C (en) | 1918-04-09 | 1918-04-09 | Process for the electroosmotic separation of substances consisting of dispersoids, such as suspension and emulsion colloids, ions and non-ionized bodies |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE354327C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR518119A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB144710A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436940A (en) * | 1946-08-02 | 1948-03-02 | Schulein Joseph | Method of regenerating anodizing baths |
-
1918
- 1918-04-09 DE DE1918354327D patent/DE354327C/en not_active Expired
-
1919
- 1919-04-07 FR FR518119A patent/FR518119A/en not_active Expired
-
1920
- 1920-06-10 GB GB15775/20A patent/GB144710A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR518119A (en) | 1921-05-19 |
| GB144710A (en) | 1921-01-13 |
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