DE3533073A1 - Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method - Google Patents

Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method

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Publication number
DE3533073A1
DE3533073A1 DE19853533073 DE3533073A DE3533073A1 DE 3533073 A1 DE3533073 A1 DE 3533073A1 DE 19853533073 DE19853533073 DE 19853533073 DE 3533073 A DE3533073 A DE 3533073A DE 3533073 A1 DE3533073 A1 DE 3533073A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
ultrasound
sensors
silos
bunkers
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19853533073
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Manfred Dr.-Ing. 4600 Dortmund Hagenkötter
Udo 5885 Schalksmühle Kloss
Hanns 4750 Unna-Massen Rump
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Etr Elektronik und Technologie Rump 4600 GmbH
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19853533073 priority Critical patent/DE3533073A1/en
Publication of DE3533073A1 publication Critical patent/DE3533073A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/523Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/526Receivers
    • G01S7/527Extracting wanted echo signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2962Measuring transit time of reflected waves

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining the level in silos. The ultrasound-pulse-echo-propagation time method is used in this case. The invention makes use of a plurality of sound sensors which are linked to one another via a mathematical method.

Description

Gegenstand: Apparat und Verfahren, insbesondereSubject: apparatus and process, in particular

geometrische Anordnung der Sensoren, bei der berührungslosen Füllstandmessungen in Silos und Bunkern nach dem Ultraschall-Echo-Verfahren. Geometric arrangement of the sensors for non-contact level measurements in silos and bunkers using the ultrasonic echo method.

E R L A U -T £ R U N & Bekanntlich wird ein Ultraschall-Impuls von Oberflächen jeder Art zurückgeworfen.E R L A U -T £ R U N & As is well known, an ultrasonic pulse is produced thrown back from surfaces of all kinds.

Bei Betrachtung der Laufzeit ist es leicht möglich, aus der Laufzeit auf die Entfernung des Zieles zu schließen. Diese Tatsache wird technisch seit langem ausgenutzt. Das bekannteste Beispiel ist das Echolot.When looking at the term it is easily possible to get out of the term to infer the distance of the target. This fact has been technical for a long time exploited. The best-known example is the echo sounder.

Da Ultraschall von Oberflachen jeder Art reflektiert wird, also auch vo Flüssigkeiten, Sand, Mörtel, Zement usw., liegt es nahe, die Füllstände von Tanks, Silos, Bunkern usw. auf diese Weise zu überprüfen, bzw. zu messen.Since ultrasound is reflected from surfaces of all kinds, so too For liquids, sand, mortar, cement, etc., it makes sense to check the fill levels of tanks, To check or measure silos, bunkers etc. in this way.

Am Markt werden eine Reihe von Geräten angeboten, die auf diesem Wege arbeiten.A number of devices are offered on the market that work in this way work.

Während bei Flüssigkeiten das Verfahren durchweg gute Ergebnisse bringt, ist die der Füllstandskontrolle von Silos für Sand, Zement, Mörtel und grobstückigem Haufwerk keine befriedigende Zuverlässigkeit möglich.While the process brings consistently good results with liquids, is the level control of silos for sand, cement, mortar and coarse pieces Haufwerk no satisfactory reliability possible.

Bei den bekannten Verfahren wird lotrecht von der Decke des Silos auf das Schüttgut herab gemessen. Beim Beschicken und beim Entnehmen von Material bilden sich auf der Oberfläche des Materials im Silo Tromben oder Kegel aus. Siehe Fig. 1.In the known method, the roof of the silo is perpendicular measured down to the bulk material. When loading and unloading material Trombones or cones form on the surface of the material in the silo. Please refer Fig. 1.

Diese Schräge reflektieren das Ultraschall signal nicht ideal. Besonders störend ist dieser Effekt, wenn es sich um sehr fein strukturiertes Material handelt, wie z. B. Zement oder ähnliches.This slope does not reflect the ultrasound signal ideally. Particularly This effect is annoying when the material is very finely structured, such as B. cement or the like.

Der erfindungsgemäße Gedanke geht davon aus, daß nicht mit einzigen Sensoren, sondern mit mehreren Sensoren gemessen wird. In der bevorzugten Ausführung wird mit drei Sensoren gemessen, die zueinander ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck bilden. Siehe Fig. 2.The inventive idea is based on the fact that not with only one Sensors, but with several sensors. In the preferred embodiment is measured with three sensors that form an isosceles triangle to each other. See Fig. 2.

Die Abstrahlrichtung der Sensoren ist nicht lotrecht, sondern abgewinkelt nach innen. Siehe Fig. 3.The direction of radiation of the sensors is not perpendicular, but angled inside. See Fig. 3.

Nach der Lehre'der Erfindung hat diese Anordnung folgende Vorteile: 1. Bei mehreren Sensoren wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß zumindes ein Sensor ein verwertbares Echo liefert, groß.According to the teaching of the invention, this arrangement has the following advantages: 1. If there are several sensors, the probability that at least one sensor is a usable echo delivers, great.

2. Die Reflektionsqualität, auch bei nicht ebenen Flächen (Tromben, flegel) wird erheblich verbessert.2. The reflection quality, even on uneven surfaces (trumpets, flegel) is considerably improved.

3. Durch Auswerten der Messergebnisse durch einen Rechner lassen sich durch Vergleichen und durch andere Plausibilitätsprüfungen Fehlerinterpretationen vermeiden und defekte Sensoren finden.3. By evaluating the measurement results using a computer, error interpretations through comparisons and other plausibility checks avoid and find defective sensors.

Voraussetzung für einwandfreie Messung ist, daß rechnerisch die gemessene Strecke auf das lotrechte Maß reduziert wird.A prerequisite for perfect measurement is that the measured Distance is reduced to the perpendicular dimension.

E R L A U T E R U N G D E 5 V E RRRFRFR F A R E N S Die einzelnen Sensoren werden sequentiell angesprochen. Die Abtastrate ist abhängig von der Tiefe des zu überwachenden Objektes.E R L A U T E R U N G D E 5 V E RRRFRFR F A R E N S The individual Sensors are addressed sequentially. The sampling rate depends on the depth of the object to be monitored.

Dem an die Ultraschaileinheit angeschlossenen Prozeßrechner werden die jeweilig ermittelten Meßwerte (Distanzen zur Oberfläche) übergenem und Rechnerintern in einer Liste (Datei) gespeichert.The process computer connected to the ultrasonic unit the respective determined measured values (distances to the surface) are transferred and internal to the computer saved in a list (file).

Um sichere und absolut verwertbare Ergebnisse zu bekommen, werden in einer ersten Plausibilitätskontrolle alle Messwerte gestrichen, die außerhalb der Silomasse 1 legen In einer zweiten Plausibilitätskontrolle werden die Messwerte gestrichen, die außerhalb einer wählbaren Bandbreite der Messungen liegen, die als Mittelwert vorhergehender Messreihen ermittelt wurden.In order to get reliable and absolutely usable results, In a first plausibility check, all measured values that were outside of the silo mass 1. In a second plausibility check, the measured values deleted that lie outside a selectable range of measurements that are listed as Mean value of previous series of measurements were determined.

Durch die nach innen geneigte Montage außerhalb der Lotrechten wird ein sicheres Echo auch erreicht, wenn sich ein -Böschungswinkel der Schüttgüter ergibt.Due to the inwardly inclined assembly, it is outside of the vertical a reliable echo is also achieved when there is a slope angle of the bulk goods results.

Das in von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung bei feinkörnigen oder staubförmigen Gütern, bei denen glatte Flächen reflektieren.This is of crucial importance in the case of fine-grained or dusty Goods on which smooth surfaces reflect.

Erfindungsgemäß wird durch Plausibilitätskontrollen weiter anhand untypischer Ergebnisse Ermittelt, ob die Schallwandler korrekt arbeiten. Bei groben Abweichungen eines Schallwandlers sehließt der Rechner diesen Kanal von der Ergebnismitteilung aus und gibt gleichzeitig eine Fehlmeldung ab.According to the invention, plausibility checks are used further atypical results Determines whether the transducers are working properly. At rough The computer closes this channel from the result report if there are deviations in a sound transducer and gives an error message at the same time.

Es werden zur Berechnug des Füllstandes folgende konstanten ermittelt: 1. Silodurchmesser (Festwert) 2 Silohöhe (Festwert) 3. Montagewinkel des Sensors (Festwert) 4. Möglicher BöschungSwinkel (Festwert) Aus den von den Sensoren ermittelten Entfernungen zum Schüttgut werden mit Hilfe bekannter geometrischer Beziehungen die tatsächlichen Füllstände berechnet.The following constants are determined to calculate the level: 1. Silo diameter (fixed value) 2 Silo height (fixed value) 3. Mounting bracket for the sensor (Fixed value) 4. Possible slope angle (fixed value) From the values determined by the sensors Distances to the bulk material are determined with the help of known geometric relationships the actual fill levels are calculated.

Claims (1)

A N S P R Ü C H E Anspruch l: Apparat und Verfahren nach dem Ultraschall Impuls-Laufzeit-Echo-Verfahren zum Zwecke der berührungslosen Messung von Ftillständen in Silos und Bunkeranlagen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vielzahl von Schaliwandlern zur Messung eingesetzt wird.A N S P R Ü C H E Claim 1: Apparatus and method based on ultrasound Pulse transit time echo method for the purpose of non-contact measurement of failures in silos and bunker systems, characterized in that a large number of sound converters is used for measurement. Anspruch 2: Verfahren nach Anspruch 1.), bei denen die Schallwandler in einem nach innen gerichtetem Winkel außerhalb der Lotrechten angeordnet sind.Claim 2: Method according to Claim 1.), in which the sound transducer are arranged at an inward angle outside the perpendicular. Anspruch 3: Verfahren nach Anspruch 1.) und 2.), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallempfänger mit einer internen Verstärkungsregelung zum Ausgleich der natürlichen Dämpfung des Ultraschalles in der Luft ausgerüstet sind.Claim 3: Method according to claim 1.) and 2.), characterized in that that the ultrasonic receiver with an internal gain control to compensate the natural damping of ultrasound in the air. An-spruch 4: Verfahren nach Anspruch 3.) dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich eine Regelung eingreift, die eine Korrelation von Weg/ Verstärkung bewirkt.Claim 4: Method according to Claim 3), characterized in that In addition, a regulation intervenes, which effects a correlation between distance / gain.
DE19853533073 1984-09-15 1985-09-13 Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method Withdrawn DE3533073A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853533073 DE3533073A1 (en) 1984-09-15 1985-09-13 Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3434029 1984-09-15
DE19853533073 DE3533073A1 (en) 1984-09-15 1985-09-13 Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method

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DE3533073A1 true DE3533073A1 (en) 1986-04-17

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310564A1 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Amberg Messtechnik Ag Filling quantity measuring device
DE4403893A1 (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-10 Claas Ohg Device for the automatic filling of loading containers with a stream of material
DE102009042869A1 (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for checking correct function of level indicator e.g. ultrasonic-transducer, involves determining characteristic of reflection profile, and providing warning message during deviation of characteristic of profile over preset measure

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310564A1 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Amberg Messtechnik Ag Filling quantity measuring device
WO1989003022A1 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-06 Amberg Messtechnik Ag Level indicator
DE4403893A1 (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-10 Claas Ohg Device for the automatic filling of loading containers with a stream of material
US5575316A (en) * 1994-02-08 1996-11-19 Claas Ohg Beschraenkt Haftende Offene Handelgesellschaft Device for automatic filling of containers
DE102009042869A1 (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for checking correct function of level indicator e.g. ultrasonic-transducer, involves determining characteristic of reflection profile, and providing warning message during deviation of characteristic of profile over preset measure

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Date Code Title Description
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: E.T.R. ELEKTRONIK UND TECHNOLOGIE RUMP GMBH, 4600

8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee