DE3533073A1 - Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method - Google Patents
Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo methodInfo
- Publication number
- DE3533073A1 DE3533073A1 DE19853533073 DE3533073A DE3533073A1 DE 3533073 A1 DE3533073 A1 DE 3533073A1 DE 19853533073 DE19853533073 DE 19853533073 DE 3533073 A DE3533073 A DE 3533073A DE 3533073 A1 DE3533073 A1 DE 3533073A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasound
- sensors
- silos
- bunkers
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/523—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/526—Receivers
- G01S7/527—Extracting wanted echo signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gegenstand: Apparat und Verfahren, insbesondereSubject: apparatus and process, in particular
geometrische Anordnung der Sensoren, bei der berührungslosen Füllstandmessungen in Silos und Bunkern nach dem Ultraschall-Echo-Verfahren. Geometric arrangement of the sensors for non-contact level measurements in silos and bunkers using the ultrasonic echo method.
E R L A U -T £ R U N & Bekanntlich wird ein Ultraschall-Impuls von Oberflächen jeder Art zurückgeworfen.E R L A U -T £ R U N & As is well known, an ultrasonic pulse is produced thrown back from surfaces of all kinds.
Bei Betrachtung der Laufzeit ist es leicht möglich, aus der Laufzeit auf die Entfernung des Zieles zu schließen. Diese Tatsache wird technisch seit langem ausgenutzt. Das bekannteste Beispiel ist das Echolot.When looking at the term it is easily possible to get out of the term to infer the distance of the target. This fact has been technical for a long time exploited. The best-known example is the echo sounder.
Da Ultraschall von Oberflachen jeder Art reflektiert wird, also auch vo Flüssigkeiten, Sand, Mörtel, Zement usw., liegt es nahe, die Füllstände von Tanks, Silos, Bunkern usw. auf diese Weise zu überprüfen, bzw. zu messen.Since ultrasound is reflected from surfaces of all kinds, so too For liquids, sand, mortar, cement, etc., it makes sense to check the fill levels of tanks, To check or measure silos, bunkers etc. in this way.
Am Markt werden eine Reihe von Geräten angeboten, die auf diesem Wege arbeiten.A number of devices are offered on the market that work in this way work.
Während bei Flüssigkeiten das Verfahren durchweg gute Ergebnisse bringt, ist die der Füllstandskontrolle von Silos für Sand, Zement, Mörtel und grobstückigem Haufwerk keine befriedigende Zuverlässigkeit möglich.While the process brings consistently good results with liquids, is the level control of silos for sand, cement, mortar and coarse pieces Haufwerk no satisfactory reliability possible.
Bei den bekannten Verfahren wird lotrecht von der Decke des Silos auf das Schüttgut herab gemessen. Beim Beschicken und beim Entnehmen von Material bilden sich auf der Oberfläche des Materials im Silo Tromben oder Kegel aus. Siehe Fig. 1.In the known method, the roof of the silo is perpendicular measured down to the bulk material. When loading and unloading material Trombones or cones form on the surface of the material in the silo. Please refer Fig. 1.
Diese Schräge reflektieren das Ultraschall signal nicht ideal. Besonders störend ist dieser Effekt, wenn es sich um sehr fein strukturiertes Material handelt, wie z. B. Zement oder ähnliches.This slope does not reflect the ultrasound signal ideally. Particularly This effect is annoying when the material is very finely structured, such as B. cement or the like.
Der erfindungsgemäße Gedanke geht davon aus, daß nicht mit einzigen Sensoren, sondern mit mehreren Sensoren gemessen wird. In der bevorzugten Ausführung wird mit drei Sensoren gemessen, die zueinander ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck bilden. Siehe Fig. 2.The inventive idea is based on the fact that not with only one Sensors, but with several sensors. In the preferred embodiment is measured with three sensors that form an isosceles triangle to each other. See Fig. 2.
Die Abstrahlrichtung der Sensoren ist nicht lotrecht, sondern abgewinkelt nach innen. Siehe Fig. 3.The direction of radiation of the sensors is not perpendicular, but angled inside. See Fig. 3.
Nach der Lehre'der Erfindung hat diese Anordnung folgende Vorteile: 1. Bei mehreren Sensoren wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß zumindes ein Sensor ein verwertbares Echo liefert, groß.According to the teaching of the invention, this arrangement has the following advantages: 1. If there are several sensors, the probability that at least one sensor is a usable echo delivers, great.
2. Die Reflektionsqualität, auch bei nicht ebenen Flächen (Tromben, flegel) wird erheblich verbessert.2. The reflection quality, even on uneven surfaces (trumpets, flegel) is considerably improved.
3. Durch Auswerten der Messergebnisse durch einen Rechner lassen sich durch Vergleichen und durch andere Plausibilitätsprüfungen Fehlerinterpretationen vermeiden und defekte Sensoren finden.3. By evaluating the measurement results using a computer, error interpretations through comparisons and other plausibility checks avoid and find defective sensors.
Voraussetzung für einwandfreie Messung ist, daß rechnerisch die gemessene Strecke auf das lotrechte Maß reduziert wird.A prerequisite for perfect measurement is that the measured Distance is reduced to the perpendicular dimension.
E R L A U T E R U N G D E 5 V E RRRFRFR F A R E N S Die einzelnen Sensoren werden sequentiell angesprochen. Die Abtastrate ist abhängig von der Tiefe des zu überwachenden Objektes.E R L A U T E R U N G D E 5 V E RRRFRFR F A R E N S The individual Sensors are addressed sequentially. The sampling rate depends on the depth of the object to be monitored.
Dem an die Ultraschaileinheit angeschlossenen Prozeßrechner werden die jeweilig ermittelten Meßwerte (Distanzen zur Oberfläche) übergenem und Rechnerintern in einer Liste (Datei) gespeichert.The process computer connected to the ultrasonic unit the respective determined measured values (distances to the surface) are transferred and internal to the computer saved in a list (file).
Um sichere und absolut verwertbare Ergebnisse zu bekommen, werden in einer ersten Plausibilitätskontrolle alle Messwerte gestrichen, die außerhalb der Silomasse 1 legen In einer zweiten Plausibilitätskontrolle werden die Messwerte gestrichen, die außerhalb einer wählbaren Bandbreite der Messungen liegen, die als Mittelwert vorhergehender Messreihen ermittelt wurden.In order to get reliable and absolutely usable results, In a first plausibility check, all measured values that were outside of the silo mass 1. In a second plausibility check, the measured values deleted that lie outside a selectable range of measurements that are listed as Mean value of previous series of measurements were determined.
Durch die nach innen geneigte Montage außerhalb der Lotrechten wird ein sicheres Echo auch erreicht, wenn sich ein -Böschungswinkel der Schüttgüter ergibt.Due to the inwardly inclined assembly, it is outside of the vertical a reliable echo is also achieved when there is a slope angle of the bulk goods results.
Das in von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung bei feinkörnigen oder staubförmigen Gütern, bei denen glatte Flächen reflektieren.This is of crucial importance in the case of fine-grained or dusty Goods on which smooth surfaces reflect.
Erfindungsgemäß wird durch Plausibilitätskontrollen weiter anhand untypischer Ergebnisse Ermittelt, ob die Schallwandler korrekt arbeiten. Bei groben Abweichungen eines Schallwandlers sehließt der Rechner diesen Kanal von der Ergebnismitteilung aus und gibt gleichzeitig eine Fehlmeldung ab.According to the invention, plausibility checks are used further atypical results Determines whether the transducers are working properly. At rough The computer closes this channel from the result report if there are deviations in a sound transducer and gives an error message at the same time.
Es werden zur Berechnug des Füllstandes folgende konstanten ermittelt: 1. Silodurchmesser (Festwert) 2 Silohöhe (Festwert) 3. Montagewinkel des Sensors (Festwert) 4. Möglicher BöschungSwinkel (Festwert) Aus den von den Sensoren ermittelten Entfernungen zum Schüttgut werden mit Hilfe bekannter geometrischer Beziehungen die tatsächlichen Füllstände berechnet.The following constants are determined to calculate the level: 1. Silo diameter (fixed value) 2 Silo height (fixed value) 3. Mounting bracket for the sensor (Fixed value) 4. Possible slope angle (fixed value) From the values determined by the sensors Distances to the bulk material are determined with the help of known geometric relationships the actual fill levels are calculated.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853533073 DE3533073A1 (en) | 1984-09-15 | 1985-09-13 | Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3434029 | 1984-09-15 | ||
DE19853533073 DE3533073A1 (en) | 1984-09-15 | 1985-09-13 | Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3533073A1 true DE3533073A1 (en) | 1986-04-17 |
Family
ID=25824792
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853533073 Withdrawn DE3533073A1 (en) | 1984-09-15 | 1985-09-13 | Apparatus and method, especially a geometrical arrangement of the sensors, for contact-free level measurement in silos and bunkers using the ultrasound-echo method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3533073A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0310564A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-05 | Amberg Messtechnik Ag | Filling quantity measuring device |
DE4403893A1 (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-10 | Claas Ohg | Device for the automatic filling of loading containers with a stream of material |
DE102009042869A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-02-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for checking correct function of level indicator e.g. ultrasonic-transducer, involves determining characteristic of reflection profile, and providing warning message during deviation of characteristic of profile over preset measure |
-
1985
- 1985-09-13 DE DE19853533073 patent/DE3533073A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0310564A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-05 | Amberg Messtechnik Ag | Filling quantity measuring device |
WO1989003022A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-06 | Amberg Messtechnik Ag | Level indicator |
DE4403893A1 (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-10 | Claas Ohg | Device for the automatic filling of loading containers with a stream of material |
US5575316A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1996-11-19 | Claas Ohg Beschraenkt Haftende Offene Handelgesellschaft | Device for automatic filling of containers |
DE102009042869A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-02-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for checking correct function of level indicator e.g. ultrasonic-transducer, involves determining characteristic of reflection profile, and providing warning message during deviation of characteristic of profile over preset measure |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: E.T.R. ELEKTRONIK UND TECHNOLOGIE RUMP GMBH, 4600 |
|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |