DE3515C - Apparatus for producing water gas for lighting and heating purposes - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The generators used to generate the gases are shown in the accompanying drawings shown, namely shows:

Fig. Ι, sheet I, a vertical section of the apparatus;
¹ Fig. 2 shows a plan;

3 and 4 show a modification of the same apparatus in the same views.

The purpose of the apparatus is to generate heating gases; A is the gas generator, which is made of a jacket B of sheet iron or other suitable material and lined with refractory bricks C or other refractory materials; the space between the jacket and the lining is filled with poor heat conductors.

Below the grate E is the ash chamber D, into which the pipes F and G open, the first for the introduction of steam, which is advantageously very superheated, and the other for heated blown air.

The cover of the generator is closed by the inverted funnel O ¹ , which separates the inside of the generator from the iron filling chamber, the opening of which can be closed by the cover /.

Close to the bottom of the generator there is a tightly sealed opening which allows access to the ash chamber D and the heating chamber of the generator in order to repair the lining of the generator after removing the grate bars and to put the grate bars in order.

A pipe K, which is provided with tightly closable openings α at the bends for cleaning purposes, leads from the upper end of the generator into the chamber T of the shaft L.

Like the generator, the latter consists of a sheet metal jacket V, which is lined with refractory bricks or other suitable refractory material U. The inner space is filled with loosely fired refractory bricks or other suitable refractory material which rests on the perforated vault T ¹ separating the combustion chamber T from that space; In addition to the pipe K , a pipe S also opens into the chamber T for the purpose of introducing suitably heated fan air.

The opening / is made in the ceiling of the shaft, which leads to the chimney, in which a wind heater N is located. The latter consists of a jacket of sheet iron with the bottoms O>, which are connected to each other by pipes. The blower air enters at P , surrounds the pipes through which the combustion gases are drawn off, leaves the heater in a strongly heated state and passes through the pipes RGSm into space D of generator A and the combustion chamber T of shaft L, in order to initiate combustion in the latter support.

The upper opening I is closed by a valve M , which is suitably loaded and immersed in a liquid.

The valve is automatically lifted to allow the gases to escape if the voltage of the same in space L should become too high.

Instead of this valve, any other safety valve can also be used. The valve is accessible from the outside by means of the door O ² and is balanced by a chain with a counterweight or in some other way.

The pipe W leads the gases to the vertical tubular boiler X, which is provided with chambers Y and Z at the top and bottom. The cooled gases pass through the pipe Q to a reservoir.

If the apparatus is to be put into operation, a fire is made on the grate E of the generator A and the valve M of the shaft L is raised so that the combustion gases can escape through the pipes of the heater N into the chimney.

In the generator A is brought then any solid carbonaceous material, eg. B. anthracite, bituminous coal or coke, wood, finely chopped straw, coal dust, asphalt, etc. Meanwhile, by means of a fan or other blower, wind is conveyed through the pipe P and the heater N under the grate E and into the combustion chamber T , which is on the Grate E will initiate moderate combustion.

If the fuel in generator A has reached a fairly high temperature and is in a white-hot state, the carbonic acid created in the lower layers of the generator through the combination of oxygen with carbon will flow through the high white-hot fuel layer, absorb carbon and thus converted it into carbon oxide will.

This highly flammable gas, in combination with the sulfur of the coal and other impurities expelled by the heat, passes through the pipe K into the combustion chamber T.

At the same time, possibly heated air flows through the pipe S into the latter and intensive combustion occurs; The hot gases get through the vault Τ ^λ into the room L and heat the refractory bricks contained in the latter until they glow red or white.

The combustion gases flowing out of the space L simultaneously heat the fan air in the heater N and thereby indirectly promote the combustion.

After the fuel in the generator A and the bricks in L have reached the heat of white heat through and through, the entry of air into the room D and into the combustion chamber T is shut off, the valve M is closed and the valve in the pipe W is opened. At the same time, possibly superheated steam is allowed to flow from boiler X into space D , which passes through the white-hot contents of generator A and, in contact with it, decomposes into hydrogen and carbon oxide, which gases together through pipe K into the combustion chamber T and through the contents of the shaft L flow. From the latter they pass by means of the pipe W into the chamber Y of the boiler X, pass through the pipes of the same and at the same time support the generation of steam and the overheating of the steam in the same. The adequately cooled gases leave the boiler through the pipe Q. and are led to a reservoir in order to be consumed from there. After a while the heat in the generator A and the shaft L will have decreased so that carbonic acid is produced during the decomposition, which can be checked by one of the known methods, by taking some gas from the pipe W by means of a small tap.

If it has become necessary to heat the fuel in the generator, one must first open the cover I and lower the funnel O ¹ so that the gases (hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas) contained in the generator and the shaft L can flow out and burn, so that no explosions can occur arise when air is again passed into the former. The steam supply is then shut off, the valve M opened and air fed into the generator and the combustion chamber T , as previously described. A few minutes are now sufficient to heat both chambers sufficiently, whereupon a large amount of gas can be produced again, as described above.

If the steam has a lower temperature than the glowing mass in the generator, it is more advantageous to introduce it above the grate E in order to avoid extinguishing the fuel, which could take place if the steam flows in below the grate.

The fuel is introduced into the generator from the filling chamber H by means of the funnel O ¹ , but it can also be omitted and the cover / attached to the generator.

3 and 4 show a modification of the apparatus described above, which is provided with a Device for superheating the steam is equipped.

The apparatus consists of the superheater L \ which is set up in the same way as the shaft L and is provided with a combustion chamber T ^a in its lower part and the opening J ¹ together with valve M ¹ . The combustion gases get out of the generator A by means of the pipes K ¹ K ^ into the shaft L and the superheater ΖΛ As soon as the refractory material in L and the superheater L ^{1 is} hot, the valve of the pipe K ² , as well as the valve M ¹

closed and let steam through the pipe E ¹ in the superheater L ^1.

The white-hot material passes through it, arrives in the combustion chamber T " ³ , from there through pipe E ¹ into the generator A and is decomposed in the same, as previously described.

If the gas is to be used in apartments or buildings, a small amount of hydrocarbon can be introduced into generator A , so that the gas can be recognized by its smell, if it should escape from leaks in the pipes.

5 and 6, sheet II, show an apparatus for generating luminous gas.

It is set up exactly the same as the one previously described, but with the addition of it still provided with the following facilities:

The reservoir P ¹ is used to hold petroleum or another hydrocarbon oil, which is conveyed ^{by the pump O 2} into the higher reservoir P ^2. From the latter a pipe I ^{1 leads} into the generator A, after it has previously formed a water pocket, in order to prevent gas from escaping from the generator or the flame from communicating with the petroleum, etc. Instead of one pipe it is more advantageous to use two or more, which open into different places on the generator, so that the oil is evenly distributed; the pipe Q conducts the gases into the washing apparatus A ¹ with an inclined partition H ¹ , which can be more or less rough on its lower side and can be used as desired.

B ¹ directs the gas into the scrubber C, which is filled in the usual way with coke or other suitable material.

The scrubber the gas passes by means of tube D ¹ in the gasometer E ¹ or according to any other storage location etc.

G ¹ is a container for receiving the condensed oils respectively. Theers that may have collected in the washing machine A ^1. The apparatus is put into operation exactly as the one described above and, as soon as the fuel in the generator and the fire-resistant material are set in white embers, steam is let into the generator A and at the same time into the reservoir P ² OeI in a certain amount, which through the double bent pipe / 'enters the generator A.

The liquid hydrocarbons are immediately volatilized into a thick vapor, mix at the same time with the strongly heated hydrogen in the most intimate way before the same Has time to cool off; it penetrates every part of the volatilized Hydrocarbon, which in the intense heat results in every particle or globule divided, separated, and at the same time so evenly with a certain amount of hydrogen is surrounded so that the carbon particles no longer come into contact with one another can and are completely uncondensable, which has been demonstrated by numerous attempts over many years Experience is proven.

This gas mixture passes through the pipe K into the lower chamber of the shaft L, penetrates the strongly heated fire-resistant material, where every gas particle comes into contact with it and is fixed through and through.

The gases, in their strongly heated state, are carried on through the pipe W and pass into the upper chamber J of the boiler X, flow through the pipes, and give off part of their heat to produce steam and to overheat it. They leave the pipes considerably cooled and pass through pipe Q. into the washing apparatus A \ where they themselves flow out under water and below a metal sheet H ¹ and leave behind, dirt and other impurities. Tube B ¹ leads the gases cleaned in this way into the scrubber C ¹ through tube D ¹ into the gasometer E ⁱ or to some other container.

As long as gas is being produced, as described above, one can conveniently check the quality or luminous intensity of the same by means of a test burner, and then regulate the carbon or hydrogen content by introducing more or less steam and hydrocarbon oil into generator A.

After a great amount of gas has been produced and accumulated, the temperature in both generator A and shaft L will have sunk to such an extent that the steam is no longer decomposed, although the contents of the generator and shaft are still glowing dark red; The non-decomposition of the steam is shown by the formation of carbonic acid on the test tap, after the calling flame on the test burner had already indicated the lack of hydrogen.

Such a gas is known by the name of petroleum gas; it condenses quickly unless it is mixed with a certain amount of hydrogen gas as described above.

If the fuel in generator A and the fire-resistant material in shaft L are to be brought back to the required level of heat, steam and oil supply are shut off and valves 7 and O ^{1 are} opened so that the gases in generator 4 and shaft L can burn and thus an explosion is prevented.

Then, if necessary, fuel is introduced into the generator A and the valve O ^{1 is} closed, air is forced under the grate E and into the chamber T and the procedure is as described above. After the material in generator A and shaft L

Claims (1)

has become white-hot, the production of hydrogen and hydrocarbons begins again, which can usually be done after a few minutes. If a steady flow of gas is required, I will turn two or more systems off Generators on, as required. The gases produced can pass through a common boiler and be provided with a common heater η . Instead of using OeIe in the process described above, one can also use use other substances that contain volatile hydrocarbons, as z. B. bituminous Coal, resin, cottonseed, common coal, tar, asphalt, fats each Type, residues from oil refineries, etc. If, however, these solid substances are used, care must be taken to ensure that they are uniform are spread over the surface of the fuel in the generator in such a way that that the hot gases flowing out of the first come into intimate contact with the above substances come and encourage volatility. If bituminous coal is used, it will be beneficial, some volatile hydrocarbon oil to the hydrogen generated by the water vapor. " If impure coals are used, the usual cleaning devices are necessary. However, if petroleum or other hydrocarbons are used, these devices are not applicable. The main advantage achieved by the fabrication described is that the decomposition of the gases in the strongly heated shaft L is favored. 7 and 8, sheet III, show the apparatus equipped with a steam superheater which the main thing is set up as in Figs. When the hot material in which the superheater is fire-resistant and does not oxidize, the steam is also released remain of oxide and in a known manner in some cases for industrial purposes can find. The apparatus shown in all the figures can be used successfully without boiler X and superheater N , in that the steam is generated in a special boiler and the air is heated in a special apparatus. The heater N can also be used instead of heating the wind, as described, as a boiler for generating steam and placed either above or next to the shaft L or the superheater L ¹ , and the hot products of combustion can be fed to it in any way. For certain cases one can dispense with the shaft L and the steam directly from the superheater L ¹ in the generator A are derived, from which the gases directly ■ be used. If as much hydrocarbon-containing gas as possible is to be produced, the steam can be omitted, the gas can be produced from hydrocarbons alone and the generator with the shaft L can be used. The construction of the apparatus for carrying out the processes described above can be various and the present system is the simplest and easiest to implement of all that we have devised. Either heating or illuminating gas can be used, depending on whether one or the other is generated, in order to heat the shaft L and the superheater as desired; any of the other known methods of cooling and purifying the gases can also be used. Up to now, in the production of water gas, one has had great difficulties in obtaining uniform results, owing to the heat differences in the generator, in which the continuously flowing steam reduces the temperature of the white-hot coal. According to the method described and used here, the heat accumulated in the mass of the refractory material during the firing period is not greatly reduced when the hot gases enter generator A; By its uniformity and intensity, the refractory mass not only serves to make it completely uniform, but also compensates for the irregular activity of generator A, and produces a uniform result. In the production of gases into which hydrocarbon is introduced, arise as a result the deposition and incrustation of this element cause many inconveniences and losses, by the carbon settling in the retorts and connecting tubes and accumulates. The inner construction of the shaft L, which essentially consists of loose fire-resistant material and of irregular surfaces and openings which allow the passage of gases, holds back the sound and the solid particles of coal which settle in the crevices and joints; When the heating season starts again, however, these particles burn and contribute significantly to the heating of the shaft L , so that in this way a substantial improvement in the production of gas is obtained. Patenτ claim: The apparatus as described above and shown in the drawings. In addition 3 sheets of drawings.