DE3442026A1 - Shuttering element - Google Patents

Abstract

A shuttering element having a shuttering skin, which can be elastically deformed in at least one direction, and a flanged girder, the latter being fixed on the shuttering skin at at least three points distributed over its length. The fixing is achieved by means of connecting elements, at least one of which can be changed in its length defining the distance between the flanged girder and the shuttering skin, with the result that the shuttering skin can be curved relative to the flanged girder.

Description

Formwork element

The present invention relates to a formwork element that is used for production of formwork in concrete construction.

In general, the formwork in concrete construction is in place made of wood, whereby for larger flat surfaces not only simple boards, but also larger formwork panels made of wood can be used. Although that is used Lumber is relatively cheap, but lumber is a significant cost factor because when the formwork is removed, the rough surface of the wood adheres to the concrete and the boards are damaged when they are removed and are therefore unusable for new formwork will.

For a relatively short time, the formwork has been used for larger flat surfaces also made from stiffened steel plates. Only in rare cases will curved surfaces such steel formwork used, as they are separate, accordingly the required radius of curvature must be made and therefore only for this are reusable for a very special use.

Both when creating formwork from wood, as well as when using it of steel formwork, the armor is essentially made of wood, the special requirements created accordingly. Here, too, the problem of the "consumption" of the Materials on. Especially with larger formwork, not only does the wood consumption increase enormous, you also need to create the formwork because of the necessary Stable construction of the armor takes a considerable amount of time when peeling and demoulding.

The object of the present invention is to show a formwork element, which offers a wide range of applications thanks to its variable shape and yet under little time with other, similar formwork elements to a complete Formwork can be assembled.

This task is in a formwork element with at least one one direction elastically deformable formwork skin and thereby with a belt carrier solved that the belt carrier at at least three points distributed over its length is fixed to the formwork skin via connecting elements, at least one of the Connecting elements in its defining the distance between the belt support and the formlining The length can be changed so that the formwork skin is arched relative to the belt support can.

This arrangement ensures that on the one hand by setting of the adjustable connecting element essentially any desired radius - from "positive" to "negative" curvature - can be adjusted so that the formwork element can be adapted to any need. Because a belt carrier is directly connected to the The formwork skin is connected, i.e. supports it, the additional armor only requires one low workload.

The distance between the formlining and the belt support is preferably on the ends of which are set firmly, while at least in the middle of the belt carrier Length-adjustable connecting element is attached. This structure is the setting of a predetermined Radius particularly simple and the formwork element stable.

In this case, the middle connecting element is preferably via a Guide out perpendicular to the belt support, so that it is only in the direction of the formlining can be moved to or from it. This tour ensures that the formlining is evenly curved so that the tangential plane is at the center line the formwork facing runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the belt girder.

The corner flanges are preferably on the belt carrier via releasable connections fixed, which are loosened before adjusting the desired curvature. Here this connection is designed so that the corner flanges on the one hand in their distance adjusted to each other, on the other hand in the vertical plane of the formwork facing Belt carrier can be pivoted. This arrangement ensures that the edges of the formlining, their tangential planes with a set curvature Form a certain angle to the longitudinal direction of the belt carrier and when the Radius of curvature approach each other, are stored free of tension.

This releasable connection of the corner flanges preferably also exists the belt support each from an elongated hole in the corner flange that from the end of the belt support towards the middle thereof runs obliquely in the direction of the formwork facing.

A bolt, which is connected to the belt carrier, passes through this elongated hole is. This particularly simple arrangement ensures that both positive as well as negative curvature of the formwork facing transversely to the longitudinal direction of the belt girder towards or from the formlining their forces acting away when arching at the same time the corner flanges inwards (in the case of curvature away from the belt support) or towards Press on the outside (if it is curved towards the belt carrier).

The resulting bending moment at the edges of the formlining always acts exactly in the desired direction, making this extremely simple Structure a uniform, essentially circular arching takes place, those with only point-like clamped panels only when using very many attachment points can be reached. In addition, the length-changeable The force to be applied to the connecting element (or the force required by the fitter) significantly reduced.

A further increase in the evenness of the curvature at the same time Reduction of the force to be applied by the individual connecting element is preferred achieved in that between the central connecting element and the corner flanges each further adjustable length adjustment elements are provided on the belt carrier Meanwhile, the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the formlining is pivotably attached via bearings. Advantageously, these further connecting elements are distributed so that all Coupling points between the belt carrier and connecting elements in each case essentially are equidistant from each other. The pivotability of the other setting elements is an advantage, as this also enables the connection points between the connecting elements and the formlining can be firmly defined on this.

The length-changeable connecting elements are preferably as Spindle / nut drives built, their Spindles with their skin side Ends in a push and pull resistant bearing that can be rotated in the spindle axis, which is supported by spindle flanges to which the formlining is attached. This simple construction enables permanent assembly of the connecting elements on the Formlining for all forms of application. In addition, this solution is extreme inexpensive.

In a further preferred embodiment, there is the belt carrier from two identical halves, between which the connecting elements are gripped. This symmetrical "shell structure" enables the production of the formwork elements particularly inexpensive. You only need a single, simply constructed one Element that is combined with another similar element to form a complete belt carrier the assembly by inserting the connecting elements between the Halves only requires little assembly effort.

The (identical) belt carrier halves advantageously have bearing eyes on, while the connecting means with two bolts perpendicular to their longitudinal direction on one side and on the other side are protruding, which in the bearing eyes of the belt carrier halves are used in each case. This one in particular simple construction saves both in the production of the individual elements, as well as in Assembly costs. In addition, individual elements due to wear and tear can become unusable can be easily replaced.

The belt carriers are advantageously made up of two, each other, the base area facing U-beams built, which are congruent with the interposition of spacer elements are screwed. By screwing over the spacer elements, the constant, the connecting elements with their bearings corresponding distance between the Belt girders held, the belt girders themselves being extremely rigid and made of commercially available semi-finished products can be manufactured.

The belt carriers preferably have essentially at their ends Holes where they can be releasably connected to equipment carriers.

A particularly compact formwork element is obtained when the Armor support of two equal lengths connected via a common eye in a V-shape Rods exist, the ends of which have transverse holes, the releasable connection between the belt carrier and armature carrier is made by bolts that pass through the belt carrier bores and the transverse holes of the armor supports are inserted so that the armor supports with the belt supports Form an isosceles triangle as a base. This is advantageous the equipment carrier taken between the two belt carrier halves.

In this preferred embodiment is thus an essential one Part of the armor with integrated. The individual armor eye lies through the isosceles Arrangement in the plane of symmetry of the formwork element, so that a statically specific Building a formwork is easily possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the belt carriers at their ends strip-shaped armature flanges, which with their flat sides in the longitudinal plane of the belt girder perpendicular to the formlining.

The ends of the set-up flanges on the side of the formwork skin are further apart removed than their other ends, with both ends over the belt support in the direction of the formwork facing or in the opposite direction and on the formwork facing side Ends of the set-up flanges protrude over the belt carrier in its longitudinal direction and each carry a connecting element, preferably a corner element. By this arrangement ensures that even with relatively small radii of curvature, in which the formlining is arched away from the belt girder, several similar formwork elements can be connected to each other without even massive belt supports butt and so limit the maximum curvature.

The belt carriers advantageously have bores at their ends for flanging on further belt girders, so that the belt girders of the entire formwork (consisting of several individual formwork elements) one essentially in terms of force form closed belt tension, which significantly increases the stability of the formwork.

The formwork skin preferably consists of an elastically deformable one Plate, in particular a steel plate, with the parallel and substantially Equidistantly rigid beams for coupling the connecting elements connected are. This structure leads to a further reduction in the requirements for the Armor, as the plates are absolutely stiff even in one direction.

At the same time, the carriers form defined points for coupling the Connecting elements, so that separate coupling points are unnecessary.

The plates are preferably rectangular in this case, directly one edge carrier on each of two edges and an even number of others between them Is arranged carriers. The edge beams are designed as U-profiles that are open to the outside, the other carriers are designed as hat profiles, their open sides on the plate lie. The carriers are welded to the plate. The edge beams point preferably the same depth (length of the base beam) as the hat profiles, but half its width (length of the legs). This ensures that when assembling several formwork elements also the corner girders lying on top of one another have the same width (in total) as the individual supports made of hat profiles. Because an even number of carriers is preferably provided, this can middle connecting element can be equipped with a symmetrical flange, which has elongated holes at its ends, each on the two middle ones Carriers are coupled. In this way, the most essential adjustment element becomes at the same time with two girders, that is, coupled to the formwork facing at two points, so that through the vertical guidance of the central connecting element provides a particularly high level of stability of the formwork element, consisting of formlining and belt girder, and the necessary Number of adjustable fasteners is reduced.

In the following, the present invention will be explained with the aid of some exemplary embodiments explained in more detail, which are shown schematically in figures. Here shows Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the formwork element, Figure 2 a Side view along the line II-II from FIG. 1, FIG. 3 along a front view the line 111-111 from FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows a perspective (schematic) detailed view of the middle part of a set-up carrier half, FIG. 5 is a perspective partial view of the flange end of the central adjusting element, FIG. 6 is a perspective partial sectional view of the pivot bearing, Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of two formwork elements According to FIG. 1 with a curved formwork skin, FIG. 8 shows the plan view of an end flange with an extension piece, and FIG. 9 a partial section a formwork with armor.

The invention is described below with reference to FIGS. Here only an end flange, an adjustment spindle and the lead screw are more accurate drawn, the remaining components have not been separated for the sake of clarity drawn. Hidden lines are shown in broken lines. The belt carrier 10 consists from two U-beams.10 ', 10 ", which have a total of four screws 13 with the interposition of spacer elements 12 are connected to one another. Here the arrangement is how also the rest of the structure of the entire formwork element with respect to the central plane transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier 10 symmetrically.

The connecting elements 24, 25 and 26 are located between the belt supports collected.

There are armature flanges at the ends of the belt carrier halves 14 ', 14 "are welded on, which are designed in the form of bands. These bands are located here with their flat sides on the inside of the belt carrier halves and are with their longitudinal direction to the belt carrier inclined. The inclination is here so that the ends on the shell side (on the right in FIG. 1) are further apart are than the opposite ends of these bands. In addition, the tapes stand with both ends of the belt support in the transverse direction.

At the ends of the formwork skin, the support girders 14 have bores 30, pass through the machine screws 31. The machine screws 31 are also inserted into bores in the flange plates 27 of the end flanges 26.

The flange plates 27 are in a plane with the base legs of the Set-up support halves 10 ', 10 "are arranged and point to their shell-skin-side outwardly swept corners supports 28 on. The supports 28 are substantially L-shaped and consist of two flat irons connected to one another, the longitudinal direction of which is perpendicular runs to the plane of the flange plates 27. Each of the supports 28 protrudes outward two connecting screws 29 emerge, which - as explained in more detail below - with the edge girders 3 of the formlining 1 are screwed.

At the ends remote from the formwork skin, the set-up flanges 14 ', 14 "have set-up flange eyes 15 on. Located between the set-up flanges 14 ', 14 "at each end of the belt carrier 10 the end of an armor support 40 in such a way that its transverse hole 42 with the armor flange eyes 15 aligns.

The set-up flanges are connected to the set-up supports 40 by bolts 5. At their ends remote from the formwork skin, the equipment carriers 40 are via a common carrier eye 41 connected.

The middle adjustment element 25, which is also the guide element forms, consists, as can also be seen in more detail from FIGS. 4 and 5, of a pair of flanges 21 ', 21 "which have elongated holes 21a at their ends.

The end flanges 21 ', 21 "are connected to pivot bearings 35 in which one end of a spindle 19 is seated. As shown schematically in Fig. 6, is here a push and tensile connection between spindle 19 and flanges 21, whereby the spindle 19 can still be rotated. the "Mother" of the mother / spindle drive is designed as a block that attaches to each other opposite side protruding bolt 22a. These bolts 22a sit in corresponding recesses 22b in the belt carrier halves 10 ', 10 ". Around a guide to achieve the central spindle perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the belt carrier, this Pivot bearing 35 guide lugs 23b on the sides that the belt carrier base surfaces are facing. The belt carrier halves carry corresponding to the guide lugs 23b 10 ', 10 "each have guide grooves 23a.

These guide grooves 23a are on the base surfaces of extension pieces 23c attached, which stand up vertically from the belt carrier halves 10 ', these Extensions 23c are designed as U-profiles, the base surfaces of which with the base surfaces of the belt carrier halves 10 ', 10 "run flush. The extensions 23c are with welded to the belt carrier halves 10 ', 10 ". The length of the guides 23 is here dimensioned so that the guide lugs 23b of the central spindle in both extreme positions the spindle sit securely in the grooves 23a and so a tilting of the spindle for Belt carrier 10 safely prevented. In addition, the guide 23 is designed so that that the flanges 21 ', 21 "have space between them, whereby the minimum distance between belt support 10 and formwork skin 1 is guaranteed.

Between the lead screw 25 in the middle of the belt carrier, the is not pivotable, there are further setting spindles 24. This setting spindle 24 have like the lead screw 25 "nuts" that are designed as a bearing 22 with pin 22a (Fig. 5). The pins 22a are also seated in corresponding bores 22b in the belt carrier halves 10 ', 10 "(see FIG. 1 and 3). Spindle flanges 20 ', 20 "are seated on the bearings 35 of the adjusting spindle 24. however, in contrast to the lead screw, these have only one bore.

All spindles have screw heads at their ends facing away from the formwork skin for setting up.

The belt carrier halves 10 ′, 10 ″ with bores 18 are at the ends provided so that connecting flanges 17 for coupling further belt carriers by means of Bolts 5 can be coupled.

As can be seen from Fig. 7, the formwork skin 1 consists of a plate 4, which carries edge support 3 at its edges.

These edge beams consist of U-profiles, which with one of their legs are welded so firmly on the plate that they are flush with the plate 4 and its opening faces the outside of the plate.

Hat profiles 2 are evenly distributed between the edge girders 3 welded onto the plate 4. They are always at the same height (or length) Carriers 2, 3 are provided with through bores which run parallel to plate 4.

As can also be seen from Fig. 7, the setting elements 24 and 25 with their flanges 20, 21 via bracket 33 to the carrier 2, 3 of the formwork facing 1 coupled. The edge beams 3 are via the connecting screws 29 firmly screwed onto the supports 28 of the end flanges 26.

As shown in Fig. 8, the bores 30 of the end flanges 26 and the flange plates 27 designed as elongated holes from the end of the belt support 10 to run obliquely towards its center in the direction of the formwork skin 1.

If, as shown in FIG. 7, a formwork is carried out in which the formwork skin 1 is arched away from the belt carrier 10, the adjustment spindles are alternately 24 and 25 screwed into the belt carrier 10. Here you always go from the Lead spindle 25 and leads the remaining adjustment spindles 24. Through the tensile forces which act on the end flanges 26 and which are directed away from the belt carrier 10 are, the flange plates 27 slide in their elongated holes 30 from the belt carrier 10 (in Towards the formlining), while at the same time moving towards the center of the belt carrier are moved. This movement of the end flanges 26 is the Formwork skin 1, which is screwed firmly to the end flanges 26 via the edge girders 3 is applied with a torque that supports the formation of a circular arc.

Of course, with the formwork element according to the invention a curvature directed opposite (to FIG. 7) can also be achieved. For this Reason, the bearings 35 are designed so that they can also absorb tensile forces (see above). The achievable minimum radius of curvature only depends on the dimensioning of the connecting elements, whereby it is advantageous to aiming the greatest possible stability in the direction of curvature according to FIG. 7 is relatively short Provides corner flanges 26 so that the formwork skin 1 sits close to the belt support 10.

Nevertheless, even small radii of curvature in the case of a curvature of the formlining 1 to be able to accomplish on the belt carrier 10 are advantageous simple extension pieces 28 ', as shown in FIG. 8, with end flanges 26 screwed. These extension pieces 28 ′, like the support 28 screwed to the edge girders 3 of the formlining 1.

The preferred embodiment shown here of the elongated hole 30 in the flange plate 27 also leads to one in the other direction of curvature (towards the belt carrier 10) Torque on the edges of the formlining 1, whereby this torque (as required) which is opposite in the other direction of curvature, the end flanges 26 are therefore pushed outwards by the pressure forces.

In Fig. 7 it is also indicated how several belt carriers 10 over Connecting flanges 17 screwed in a simple manner to form a closed belt pull can be.

The entire arrangement (consisting of several, interconnected via the Connecting flanges 17 connected belt girders 10 and formwork skin elements 1, the facing edge supports 3 are screwed together) can be simple Way over the usual set-up elements 43 (Fig. 9) built into a complete formwork will. This is where the special structure of the formwork element comes with support beams 40 to wear, since this arrangement has a perfectly statically determined and above all statically manageable structure is also created.

For this reason, only relatively few set-up elements are required, even if very large formwork that has to take heavy loads (caverns, Tunnels) are to be established. The construction can thus be done just as quickly as the Dismantling of the elements, so that the individual formwork elements immediately (partially) dismantled and can be brought to the next place of use, where they can be changed at will designed forms can be assembled. Of course, the invention Formwork elements in any way with the usual formwork elements (wooden formwork etc.) if necessary.

Claims (16)

Claims 1 Formwork element with one in at least one direction elastically deformable formlining, and with a belt carrier, thereby k e n n z e i c h ne t that the belt carrier (10) distributed at least three over its length Points on the formlining (1) is fixed via connecting elements (24, 25, 26), at least one (24, 25) of the connecting elements in its, the distance between Belt support (10) and shell (1) defining length can be changed so that the Formwork skin (1) can be arched relative to the belt support (10). 2. Formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that one the length-adjustable connecting elements (25) in the middle of the belt carrier (10) and at each end of the belt carrier as an end flange (26) one in its length substantially non-changeable connecting element is attached. 3. Formwork element according to claim 2, characterized in that the middle connecting element (25) via a guide (23) perpendicular to the belt carrier (10) is performed. 4. Formwork element according to claim 2, characterized in that the Corner flanges (26) fixed to the belt carrier (10) via a releasable connection (30, 31) are designed so that the corner flanges (26) on the one hand in their distance adjusted to each other, on the other hand in the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the formlining (1) the belt carrier (10) can be pivoted. 5. Formwork element according to claim 4, characterized in that the releasable connection each comprises an elongated hole (30) in the corner flange (26) from the The end of the belt support (10) towards its center at an angle towards the formwork facing (1) and through which a bolt (31) connected to the belt carrier (10) leads through. 6. Formwork element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that that between the middle connecting element (25) and the corner flanges (26), respectively further adjustable-length adjustment elements (24) are provided on the belt carrier (10) pivotable via bearing (22) in its longitudinal plane perpendicular to the formwork skin (1) are attached. 7. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 6, characterized characterized in that the length-adjustable connecting elements (24, 25) as spindle / nut drives are constructed, the spindle (19) with its shell-side end in a push-pull and high-tensile bearings (35) which are rotatable in the spindle axis and on which the spindle flanges (20,21) are attached, which serve as a support for the formwork skin (1). 8. Formwork element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the belt carrier (10) consists of two identical halves (10 ', 10 ") exists, between which the connecting elements (24, 25, 26) are taken. 9. Formwork element according to claim 8, characterized in that the belt carrier halves (10 ', 10 ") bearing eyes (22b) and the connecting means (24, 25, 26) have bolts (22a, 31) for insertion into the bearing eyes (22b). 10. Formwork element according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that that the belt girders are constructed from two U-shaped girders facing each other are screwed congruently with the interposition of spacer elements (12) are. 11. Formwork element according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that that the belt supports (10) have strip-shaped arming flanges (14) at their ends, with their flat sides in the longitudinal plane of the vertical to the formlining (1) Belt carrier (10) lie, and their shell-side ends further away from each other than their other ends, with both ends over the belt carrier (10) in the direction of the formwork facing (1) or in the opposite direction, and the formwork facing side Ends of the set-up flanges (14) protrude over the belt carrier (10) in its longitudinal direction and each carry a connecting element (26). 12. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 or 8 to 11, characterized characterized in that the belt carriers (10) have bores essentially at their ends (15) for releasable connection with equipment carriers (40). 13. Formwork element according to claim 12, characterized in that the set-up supports (40) consist of two of the same length, which are connected in a V-shape via an eye (41) Rods exist, the ends of which have transverse holes (42), and that the detachable connection is made by bolts (5) through the belt support holes (15) and the Cross holes (42) are inserted so that the equipment carrier (40) with the belt carrier (10) Form an isosceles triangle as a base. 14. Formwork element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the belt supports (10) have bores (18) at their ends for flanging have another belt carrier (10). 15. Formwork element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the formwork skin (1) consists of an elastically deformable plate (4) consists, with the parallel and essentially equidistant rigid Support (2) for coupling the connecting elements (24, 25, 26) are connected. 16. Formwork element according to claim 15, characterized in that the plate (4) is rectangular, one edge support (3) directly on two edges and between these a certain number of further carriers (2) is arranged, and that the edge supports (3) as outwardly open U-profiles, the further supports (2) are designed as hat profiles, the open sides of which lie on the plate (4), and that the central connecting element (25) has a symmetrical flange (21), which carries elongated holes (21a) at its ends, which are each to the two middle Carrier (2) are coupled.