DE3412767A1 - Method and device for destroying and disposing of discharge lamps - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to dispose of discharge lamps, the said lamps are crushed and a neutralising agent is added to the broken glass. For this, the invention proposes a method and a device for carrying out the method in which the discharge lamps are introduced into a press which can be sealed by means of a cover (13) in a dust-tight fashion and consists of a cylinder housing (10) and press plunger (15), and are compressed by the press plunger (15) being actuated, and are crushed in the process. When a floor opening (30) opens, the broken glass drops into the inlet (34) of a conveying device (11) and is conveyed by the latter into a broken glass container (12). In the region of the conveying device (11), a neutralising agent which is removed from a reservoir container (36) is fed to the broken glass. The device can be configured in such a way that the method for crushing and transportation proceeds automatically. <IMAGE>

Description

Method and device for destruction and disposal

of discharge lamps The invention relates to a method and a Device for destroying and disposing of, in particular for crushing, used items Discharge lamps.

Discharge lamps (all types of fluorescent tubes, low pressure lamps, etc.) contain, albeit in small quantities, environmentally harmful substances such as Mercury, sodium and heavy metals. Because of this, the disposal of this Pay special attention to products. Used discharge lamps are at least when they occur in large numbers, as hazardous waste in hazardous waste landfills filed.

These lamps are also not allowed to go to hazardous waste landfills without pre-treatment be deposited. Rather, they are to be comminuted in suitable devices and to further neutralize it chemically by adding sulfur blooms or zinc dust.

Up to now, used discharge lamps have been shredded in Striking mechanisms. Such a system consists, for example, of a steel container, in which the used discharge lamps are introduced. The bottom of the steel container is designed as a grating made of upright flat iron of the discharge lamp is done by dropping a steel plate. The broken glass falls through the grate into a broken glass container Shredding consist in a considerable amount of noise and dust. The broken glass remains quite large because the grate cannot be made very finely meshed, otherwise larger parts that cannot be shredded, such as lamp sockets, will get stuck0 Furthermore, thorough mixing with the neutralizing agent is not satisfactory solved.

There are special requirements when shredding discharge lamps and safety precautions to take into account, for example, a health hazard prevent by evaporating mercury. The handling of known shredding devices, which are set up in closed rooms is because of the health hazard Substances and the generation of dust are only possible with the use of breathing masks.

The transport of waste materials to the special waste landfills are subject also special conditions.

Because of these requirements and the mostly long distances to the hazardous waste dumps it is desirable to produce as fine a broken glass as possible in order to achieve a high To achieve volume utilization.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a contraption specify, through which a substantial reduction in size of the discharge lamps is achieved will. Furthermore, the disadvantages mentioned at the outset should be avoided.

This task is for a method for crushing disposal lamps solved in that the disposal lamps in a dust-tight by a cover lockable press, consisting of a cylinder housing and in the longitudinal direction of the housing movable plunger inserted and compressed by actuating the plunger and are crushed in the process. The device, in particular the press, to carry out of the method is also the subject of the invention.

The housing is expediently a cuboid sheet steel housing, the top of which can be closed by a hinged lid. For a dust-tight closure, for example, on the cover or on the sheet steel housing Seals, e.g.

Profile rubbers to be attached.

The plunger is advantageously driven by a hydraulic drive driven. Such a drive is technically easy to implement and requires little maintenance. It can consist of a hydraulic piston that can be moved in a hydraulic cylinder, which is in mechanical connection with the plunger through a piston rod. By appropriate design of the hydraulic piston diameter, for example Apply a force of 1.4 t on the plunger with a hydraulic pressure of 120 bar.

It is of particular advantage that the surface directed into the interior of the housing of the plunger and / or the opposite end wall of the housing to be concave. The areas can also be essentially conical or pyramid-shaped, the cone or pyramid tips with respect to of the housing facing outwards. This configuration allows high compression pressures to crush the discharge lamps, which are usually longitudinally in the housing inserted should be avoided. By the concave or conical or pyramidal shape Training of the plunger and the opposite end wall the discharge lamps are pressed towards the axis of the housing when they are compressed, so that a transverse force acts on the discharge lamps. To shred the discharge lamps only relatively low transverse forces are required, while the lamps are very high Withstand longitudinal forces. As a half cone angle (angle between the side line and Axis of the cone) or as half a pyramid angle (angle between the side surface and center line of the pyramid), angles between 40 and 750 can be selected, for example will. Angles between 50 and 600 have proven to be particularly favorable.

To prevent the plunger from getting stuck in the sheet steel housing there is a gap between the plunger and sheet steel housing, which can be up to a few Can be millimeters. It is therefore possible that glass parts on the back reach the plunger.

So that such glass parts on the back are not in larger ones Amounts that can accumulate are preferably rubber flaps on the underside of the plunger or brushes attached that drag across the bottom of the housing and with the plunger are connected by hinges in such a way that when the plunger moves back, the rubber flaps or brushes can be folded away from the floor.

In this way the rubber flaps or brushes push the glass parts not going back. When the plunger moves forward, the rubber flaps or Brushes on the Press the bottom of the case and take out glass parts with.

It is useful to have them aligned parallel to the cylinder axis in the cylinder housing Provide guide rails on which the plunger slides. The plunger has the guide rails corresponding recesses and is through the guide rails Protected from tilting even if the press is not completely covered with fluorescent lamps is filled.

To remove broken glass and other parts of the fluorescent lamps, like sockets, is preferably in the bottom of the cylinder housing in the rest position of the plunger facing away from a hydraulically operated bottom slide closable bottom opening provided. When the bottom slide is opened, the Glass breakage out of the press through the bottom opening. He can through a funnel-shaped Be collected.

An advantageous further development of the invention is the result below the bottom opening of the inlet of a conveyor for the broken glass is arranged. The conveyor device transports the broken glass to a broken glass container. Appropriately the conveyor is a screw conveyor. This can have a U-shaped cross section have, which is semicircular in the lower area and the circular Adjusts the cross section of the screw. Above the screw, the tube encloses the The screw conveyor does not close the screw, but rather simulates a free one outside closed space. This design also enables larger, non-crushable parts that accidentally get into the press when it is being loaded such as capacitors, chokes or other supply devices for the discharge lamps. Without the free space, the screw conveyor would be get stuck if larger parts occur.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the conveyor with its area located near the inlet with a storage container for a neutralizing agent. This enables the addition of Neutralizing agent for glass breakage and a good mixing of the two substances.

Sulfur or zinc dust, for example, can be used as neutralizing agents in question. For the good mixing of the neutralizing agent with the broken glass the use of a screw conveyor is particularly advantageous.

It is useful between the storage container and the conveyor to arrange a regulating slide2 through which the addition of neutralizing agent is regulated can be.

The regulating slide is set so that about 2 to 5 Z neutralizing agent can be added to the broken glass.

To monitor the addition of the neutralizing agent by visual inspection to be able to, it is advantageous to establish the connection between the storage container and the conveyor manufacture at least partially from a transparent tube. As a viewing window a plexiglass tube is suitable, for example.

If sulfur is used as the neutralizing agent, it is to take into account that this is hygroscopic and therefore tends to form clumps. To produce a pulverized state that is necessary for uniform mixing with the broken glass is necessary, recommends an embodiment of the invention, that there is a grinder in the storage container for crushing the neutral lizing agent is included. The grinder can be designed such that it consists of a Blade consists, which with a vertical axis of rotation in the cylindrical storage container is rotated. The neutralizing agent produced by the rotating movement of the blade is constantly moved, rubs off when touching the vessel walls and becomes pulverized this way.

In order to avoid breathing protection while opening the press to be able to, it is particularly beneficial to have the inside of the press with a suction device to connect to the extraction of lamp dust. After closing the lid the suction device is switched on and the lamp dust is extracted.

For dust-tight sealing of the area of the bottom opening of the press the invention proposes in a further embodiment, this area through cover a dust bag. Furthermore, an electrical Locking device can be provided through which the plunger only then can be operated when the lid of the press is closed. To this end can a safety clip can be provided which keeps the cover closed. With manual The hydraulic pump is used to actuate the plunger when the safety bracket is actuated switched off. All operations of the device are interrupted.

The claimed method is therefore of particular advantage the comminution of the discharge lamps takes place automatically, as claimed in claim 10 is specified.

Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the further sub- sayings.

Based on the drawing 2 in the an embodiment of the invention is shown, the invention and further advantageous embodiments and Further training will be explained in more detail.

It shows: FIG. 1 the device according to the invention in a schematic Sectional view, FIG. 2 the cylinder housing in section II - II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 the press cylinder in side view, each with a working position of a dust slide.

FIG. 1 shows a device for comminuting discharge lamps for adding the neutralizing agent. and to deposit the broken glass in a broken glass container. The facility is closed on all sides, so there is no dust penetrates outside.

The device essentially consists of a cylinder housing 10, a screw conveyor 11 and a broken glass container 12. On the screw conveyor 11, a storage container 36 which contains a neutralizing agent 2 is attached.

The cylinder housing 10 is cuboid and by a Cover 13 covered. The lid 13 can be pivoted about hinges (63) and opened. It also contains a locking device, not shown, which when actuated the lid 13 is prevented from opening. The locking device is available with an electrical Contact in connection, can be seen from its electrical switch position is whether the lid 13 is closed and locked. In the cover 13 is a profile rubber seal 14 inserted, which enables the cover 13 to be closed in a dust-tight manner.

In the cylinder housing 10, which is designed as a sheet steel housing, there is a plunger 15. This can be on a guide rail 16 in the Move the interior of the cylinder housing 10 back and forth. The guide rail 16 cooperates with the plunger 15 in such a way that tilting of the plunger 15 is avoided.

The plunger 15 and the end wall 61 opposite it of the housing 10 are pyramid-shaped. The base of the pyramid will be each formed by a rectangle, which through the cross section of the cylinder housing is given. For example, the cylinder housing is 40 cm wide and 30 cm high. The height of the pyramid can be 13 cm, for example, which creates two pyramid half-angles of 490 and 570 result. When the plunger 15, the pyramid tip is flattened. On the back of the plunger has two tabs 65,66, which by means of a pin 67 an articulated connection 17 with the piston rod 24 of a hydraulic cylinder 21 form.

In the lower area of the plunger 15 there is a dust slide, which has a rubber flap 18, which over the base plate 19 of the cylinder housing 10 slides. The functioning of the dust slide will be explained later with reference to the figures 3 and 4 are explained in more detail.

The plunger 15 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 21. The hydraulic cylinder consists of one Housing 22, a hydraulic piston 23 and a piston rod 24. The hydraulic piston 23 and the plunger 15 are connected to one another by an articulated connection 17. At both ends of the case 22 is an oil pressure hose 25 flanged, which the interior of the housing 22 with connect a control valve 26 An electric motor 27 drives a hydraulic pump 28, which generates the oil pressure for the hydraulic system. Depending on the position of the control valve 26, the hydraulic piston 23 and with it the plunger 15 to the left or right postponed. The hydraulic pump 28 is designed, for example, so that they have a Oil pressure of 120 bar generated.

A suction device 29 is also arranged on the cylinder housing 10, which is able to suck off dust that is located in the cylinder housing 10.

The cylinder housing 10 is also located in the base plate 19 a bottom opening 30 which can be closed by a bottom slide 31. The bottom scraper 31 can be operated hydraulically in the direction of arrow 32.

A hydraulic system attached to the base plate 10 is provided for this purpose 63 with push rod 64 is provided.

Below the bottom opening 30 is a funnel-shaped fill 33 arranged, which opens into the inlet 34 of the screw conveyor 11.

The area of the bottom opening 30 is surrounded by a dust bag 35, which covers this area dust-tight, since between the floor opening 30, floor slide 31 and pouring 33 are gaps through which dust could escape from the system.

The screw conveyor 11 consists of an obliquely upwardly directed closed tube 40 and one in the tube 40 rotating screw 41. The screw 41 is driven by an electric motor 42 such that the Broken glass is conveyed from inlet 34 to outlet 43 and from this into a Glass breakage container 12 falls. The tube 40 of the screw conveyor 11 is U-shaped formed, as the sectional image 44 shows. In the semicircular lower part The worm 41 runs on the U. In the upper area of the U there are larger cavities 45, which enable larger fragments or

Non-crushable parts transported by the screw conveyor 11 can be.

The area between the outlet 43 of the screw conveyor 11 and the broken glass container 12 is sealed dust-tight (46).

A storage container 36 is arranged above the screw conveyor 11. The reservoir 36 is with the interior of the screw conveyor 11 via a transparent Plexiglass tube 47 connected. There is also a regulating slide at the storage tank outlet 48 indicated, by means of which the addition of neutralizing agent is metered can. Inside the storage container 36, which is cylindrical, a blade 49 rotatable about the cylinder axis is arranged. The wing blade 49 is driven by a slowly rotating electric motor 50. Between the Bottom 51 of the storage container 36 and the lower edge of the blade 49 is located there is a gap of approx. 3 to 5 mm.

The storage container 36 can be closed by a cover 52. It can be filled with sulfur. Since sulfur is hygroscopic, it tends to Clumping.

Slow rotation of the blade 49 grinds the lumps of sulfur from and sulfur powder is formed, which through the plexiglass tube 47 into the Screw conveyor 11 arrives and is added to the broken glass located there.

Figures 2, 3 and 4 are in particular details of the dust slide refer to. At the pyramid-shaped plunger 15 are in the lower area two tabs 57 arranged on which a retaining bar 692 on the joints 68 on the a rubber flap 18 is attached, and a transmission member 70 is rotatably supported are. A lever 71 is rotatably attached to the transmission member 70.

The axis of rotation is the axis of the lever 71 of the transmission link 70. The lower part of the lever 71 is connected to the retaining strip 69 via a tension spring 72 connected The upper end 73 of the lever 71 lies on the side wall of the housing of the cylinder housing 10.

The way the dust slide works is as follows: When the The plunger 15 becomes the upper end 73 of the lever 71 by the friction on the housing wall held back and pressed in the direction of arrow 74 (Fig.

3). About the transmission member 70 and the rigidly connected to this Holding bar 69, the rubber flap 18 is pivoted clockwise around the joint 68 and pressed onto the base plate 19 of the cylinder housing 10. It pushes on this Way broken glass inside the housing 60 to the left (Fig. 1).

When the plunger 10 returns, the end 73 of the lever 71 acts due to the friction on the housing wall, an oppositely directed force (arrow 75), as shown in FIG. 4. Transmission element 70, retaining bar 69 and Rubber flaps 18 are pivoted counterclockwise about the joint 68, so that the rubber flap 18 lifts off the base plate 19 of the cylinder housing 10 and Does not push back the broken glass.

The device is operated as follows (see Fig. 1): In his In its basic position, the plunger 15 is on the right side of the cylinder housing 10. The lid 13 is unlocked and opened. The discharge lamps are in the Inside of the cylinder housing 10 inserted. The cover 13 is then closed and locked. With the locking of the cover 13, the circuit is for one Button closed. By pressing the button, the electric motors 27, 42 and 50 started. Furthermore, the control valve 26 is set such that the right oil hose 25 is pressurized with oil and the hydraulic piston 23 and with it the plunger 15 moves to the left. The PreR piston 15 also presses a total force of, for example, up to 1.4 t on the discharge lamps, whereby these break. The noise pollution that occurs here is low. Dust occurs not outdoors. The rubber flap 18 slides over the base plate 19 and pushes Glass fragments to the left.

When a high volume pressure is reached, the oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder increases 21, which is measured by a corresponding measuring device 53, in such a way that by the measuring device 53 emits an electrical switching signal. This solves the hydraulic Drive of the bottom slide 31 and leads to the opening of the bottom opening 30. Furthermore the control valve 26 is reversed so that the plunger 15 comes to rest.

The very fine broken glass falls through the bottom opening 30 over the Bed 33 in the inlet 34 of the screw conveyor 11 and is through this in Transported towards broken glass container 12. Passes through the plexiglass tube 47 constantly from the reservoir 36 neutralizing agent (e.g. sulfur) into the interior of the screw conveyor 11. After reaching the end position of the bottom slide 31, the control valve 26 is reversed so that now the left chamber of the Hydraulic cylinder 21 is acted upon with oil pressure, whereby the hydraulic piston 23 and with it the PreRkolben 15 are moved into the basic position to the right. Here, the rubber flap 18 does not lie firmly on the base plate 19, but instead is lifted and slides over any glass breakage residue without following it left to sweep.

With the last changeover command for the control valve 26, that too Hydraulic system of the bottom slide 31 triggered, so that the bottom slide 31 again is closed. As long as the safety bracket remains closed, the suction device is in operation. This will suck out the remaining dust. When the plunger 15 is in its home position has reached again, the cover 13 can be opened again and the cylinder housing be filled again with discharge lamps. By closing and locking the Lid 13 can then again in the automatic shredding and conveying process Gear can be set. Since the entire system is on all sides during the work process is hermetically sealed against the escape of dust, the operator needs not to wear dust masks when handling.

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Claims (1)

Claims method for destruction and disposal, in particular for Comminution of used discharge lamps, characterized in that the discharge lamps into a dust-tight closable by a cover (13) press, consisting of Cylinder housing (10) and plunger (15), inserted and activated by pressing the plunger (15) are compressed and crushed in the process. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the PreR piston (15) by a hydraulic drive (21) for shredding the discharge lamps and then moved back again. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that After pressing the disposal lamps together, a bottom opening (30) in the cylinder housing (10) is opened and the broken glass falls out. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the broken glass Via a bed (33) into the inlet (34) of a conveyor device, preferably a screw conveyor (11), which falls the broken glass into a broken glass container (12) promoted. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the broken glass a means for neutralizing the environmentally harmful substances of the discharge lamps (such as mercury, sodium, heavy metals) is added. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized net, that the neutralizing agent in the area of the conveyor (11) the broken glass is fed. 7 The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that as Neutralizing agent sulfur is used, which immediately before the addition is crushed in a grinder 8 Method according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that after the broken glass has been ejected from the press, its interior is freed of dust particles by a suction device (29). 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plunger (15) is can only be operated when the lid (13) of the press is closed 100 process according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the comminution process runs automatically in the following steps: a) When closing the lid (13) of the Press a contact is actuated, which drives the plunger (15) and thus the shredding of the fluorescent lamps triggers, at the same time a conveyor (11) and a grinder (49) set in motion, b) when a predeterminable value is reached Pressure or an end position of the plunger (15) is a bottom opening (30) the press opens automatically and the broken glass falls over from the housing (10) a bed (33) in the inlet (34) of a conveyor (11), c) the direction of movement of the plunger (15) is switched over, so that the plunger (15) again drives back, d) the bottom opening (30) is closed, e) a suction device (29) sucks Dust particles from inside the press, f) the conveyor (11) conveys the broken glass in a broken glass container (12), g) in the area of the conveyor (11) the broken glass is neutralized by the grinder (49) is ground, added, h) when the plunger reaches the starting position (15) a limit switch is actuated, which drives the plunger (15), conveyor (11) and grinder (49) switches off. 11. Device for performing the method according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized by a press consisting of a cover (13) lockable cylindrical housing (10) into which the discharge lamps can be inserted are and a cylindrical plunger (15), which extends in the longitudinal direction of the housing (10) is movable. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the Housing (10) is a cuboid sheet steel housing, the top of which by a on hinges (63) attached lid (13) can be closed. 13. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that that the plunger (15) with a Hydraulic cylinder (21) connected and can be driven by this. 14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that that the inside of the housing (60) directed surface of the plunger (15) and / or the This opposite end wall (61) of the housing (10) is essentially concave is trained. 15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that that the inside of the housing (60) directed surface of the plunger (15) and / or the This opposite end wall (61) of the housing (10) is essentially conical or pyramid-shaped, with the cone ° or pyramid tips according to show outside. 16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that that on the underside of the plunger (15) rubber flaps / o (ge80 brushes attached are that when the plunger (15) runs above the bottom (19) of the housing (10) grind and are connected to the plunger (15) via hinges (20) in such a way that that when the plunger (15) returns, the rubber flaps (18) or brushes from the floor (19) can be folded away. 17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that that in the cylinder housing (10) parallel to the direction of movement of the plunger (15) aligned guide rails (16) are provided, which correspond to the Protect the plunger (15) provided with recesses (62) from tilting. 18. Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that that in the bottom (19) of the cylinder housing (10) on the basic position of the plunger (15) facing away from a hydraulically actuated side Bottom slide (31) closable bottom opening (30) is provided. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that below the bottom opening (30) the inlet (34) of a conveyor (11) for the broken glass is arranged and that the outlet (43) of the conveyor (11) with a broken glass container (12) is in connection. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the Conveyor is an electrically driven screw conveyor (11), the one contains rotatable screw (41) in the closed tube (40). 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the The tube (40) of the screw conveyor (11) has a U-shaped cross section (44), which is semicircular in its lower area and is the circular Screw cross-section adapts, and above a rectangular closed space (45) forms, which is not completely filled by the cross section of the screw (41) is. 22. Device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that that in the vicinity of the inlet (34) of the conveyor (11) this with a storage container (36) for a neutralizing agent connected from the neutralizing agent enters the interior of the conveyor. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that between Storage container (36) and conveying device (11) a regulating slide (48) for regulating Facility (11) a regulating slide (48) for regulating the addition of neutralizing agent is arranged. 24. Apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that that the connection between the storage container (36) and the conveyor (11) at least partially consists of a transparent tube (47). 25. Device according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that that in the storage container (36) a grinder for crushing the neutralizing agent is included, which consists of a driven vertically rotatable blade (49) consists. 26. Device according to one of claims 11 to 25, characterized in that that the press with a suction device (29) for sucking off lamp dust from the press interior (60) is connected 27. Device according to one of the claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the press, the conveying device (11), the Glass breakage containers (12) and their connection points are sealed dust-tight, and that the junction between the bottom opening (30) of the press on the one hand and the conveyor device on the other hand (11) is covered by a dust bag (35). 28. Device according to one of claims 11 to 27, characterized in that that the press contains at least one locking device, which when actuated Prevents opening of the lid (13), and that with the locking device at least an electrical contact of a control device is in communication.