DE3410721C2 - Device for loading and unloading bulk material into and out of pressure rooms - Google Patents

Description

3 4

The container part is compressed and thus an exit from the ben, which prevents the container from flowing out again on the other side of the hollow shaft. Due to a specifiable flow, the above-mentioned resistance in the hollow shaft expands to improve the elastic direction that also cohesive or ad membrane 12 up to the dimension 14 on. The deflection 15 of the adhesive bulk material above the storage container in and out of 5 of the membrane 12 is pressure-dependent and can thus be conveyed to its pressure space. influenceable. The features of claim 1 are solved by the expansion of the membrane. This object is achieved by the characterizing surface enlargement. Advantageous solid adhering to the surface and falls off.
Forms of information can be found in the subclaims. In another embodiment, the inflatable embodiments are described below with reference to 10 membrane 17, as in FIG. 2, part B, illustrated, explained in more detail from one of the drawings. It shows non-elastic material which is made up in such a way that F i g. 1 a step through a chamber lock, the inflation volume is predetermined In the non-inflated Zu-F i g. 2A and B, two embodiments of this stand, this membrane lies in folds on the rotating turntable, plate 16. During the expansion process, the membrane 17, in front of FIG. 2C shows an embodiment of a slide which can alternatively be used by an impact-like compressed air pulse, blown. Due to the non-elastic properties of the FIG. 3A and B, two embodiments of lining membrane 17 and the inflation volume given by the packaging of the storage container and the buffer volume, ensure that the FIG. 4 an embodiment of the sealing lip in the case of the diaphragm during the jet impulse no overstretching suffers use of rotary controls and 20 the pressurized air is applied by the in the -F i g. 5 shows an embodiment of a hollow shaft preferably drilled on one side in the case of the system deteriorating, so that the pressure reducing valve is turned. that the compressed air is switched on and off via the same opening

Flows according to the structure of a chamber lock

the device has at its core In another version, the shut-off device

25 means a slide 18 with drive that opens when opening

a) an upper and a lower shut-off unit 1 and 2, the slide 18 the entire passage cross section of the

l · b) releases a storage shut-off unit which widens conically downwards. Serve as slide organs

: ■ container 3, above the lower swivel locks and flat slides. The closing zone

] ■: .. means 2, ne of the slide is for the purpose of pressure-tight

i c) a guide that also widens conically downwards with a pneumatically actuated guide

i: j equipped the further container 4 above the upper ab membrane sealing ring When using

|; f shut-off unit 1. Slider elements 18 are provided as shut-off unit,

fi, a caking of cohesive bulk material by sin flui-

it; Storage container 3 and further container 4 are discrete with the same before the opening process of the slide

| i an influenceable, elastic lining 5 verse 35 to prevent. For this purpose the slide valve

fi hen and a bypass line 6 for the purpose of the top with a fluidization zone 19, consisting

[, <Pressure equalization connected to each other. In the by-out z. B. a perforated plate or easily permeable

ρ, pass pipe 6 is a sintered material for the purpose of solid particles. Before the opening process

(;! Retention provided gas / solids / filter 7 and is compressed air into the fluidization via a hollow shaft

built into a 3-way shut-off element 8, via which the pressure zone is abandoned, which adhere to the outflow.

φ and venting of the storage container 3 accomplished the bulk material loosens and fluidizes the

it will. Compressed air task for fluidization can be used for the purpose

H In the storage tank 3, for the purpose of recording, the air requirement minimization is abruptly and cyclically

^ solution of the fill level of the goods to be discharged follow. The fluidizing gas either flows over the

; ■ Level measuring device 9 built in. Furthermore, 45 bypass lines connected to the ambient atmosphere

[{ the storage container 3 with a gas pressure measuring device 6 from (storage container 3) or is

j: device 10 is provided, the measurement signal of which is slammed to a control entrance area (container 4). Is this

f ^; is forwarded. stand reached, the slide member is moved and the

b In a further version, the storage and discharge cross-section of the chamber lock is released.

F'i cherbehälters provided with a purge gas line. 50 Preventing caking on the shut-off valve

• The control of the discharge device is via a unit by fluidization is also in the type described

; Control unit made. transferable to the turntable.

; The shut-off units 1, 2 each have a pressure The further container 4 and the storage container 3 I; tightly mounted rotary flap unit, consisting of Ge are characterized in that they are from above the basic housing body, sealing ring, drive and rotary plate. 55 widen conically downwards and from the upper edge to ν The turntable 13, 16 is designed in such a way that, with the additional front lower edge, there are no more constrictions. Provided seals that a permanent adhesion of is ensured that the discharged, pre-cohesive discharge material can be largely prevented, preferably moist, cohesive and adhesive bulk material. In one embodiment, the turntable 13 is not in any fig. 2, part A, shown, can be supported on both sides with an inflatable point, as a result of which a membrane 12 made of an elastic rubber plant (bridging) is prevented from adhering and detaching. The other fabric covered, the interior of the membrane can consist of a container 4 and the conical storage container 3 can be compressed air line through the hollow shaft with compressed air from standard parts according to DIN 28 645, but are added. also any special designs in the described

Should be provided on the turntable 65 during the discharge process.

13 adhering material can be removed, for example in the case of particularly adhesive discharge materials, in the case of dentr. I.

with the turntable 13 standing vertically, the apparatus |

Compressed air is applied to one side of the rotary plate hollow shaft and the |

5 6

Execution of the risk of caking and bridging it, as in F i g. 5 shown in order to reduce the pressure consists, is provided, buffer volume and rer according to known technology, consisting of Ventilge storage container Provided with an elastic lining 5 at home 26, upper part 27 with adjusting spring 28 and setpoint control. The material of the lining is so ler 29. In this embodiment, the upper part 27 is through designed that an expansion of the material in a Rieh- 5 replaces a pressure-resistant metal sleeve that is suitable with tion well and in the other, perpendicular direction, to be loaded by the system overpressure. That doesn't print This can be achieved by means of a textile insert. The metal housing 27 is achieved via a connecting cord will. The purpose of this is to apply the system overpressure to the device 30 clothing material can elongate in the radial direction, this is how the system overpressure acts on the Stellin axial direction but remains dimensionally stable The elastic ίο membrane of the pressure reducer and thus causes the Lining 5 is held in such a way that either the pressure reducer alone allows the overpressure to be reduced to pass through the elastic properties of the lining are reduced to the system overpressure. By Material in interaction with the pulses, the pretensioning of the adjusting spring 28 via the setpoint adjuster The level of the differential pressure is now set by the incoming and outgoing bulk material on the outlet, clothing are exercised, a caking of cohesive 15 with which the sealing ring 23 is tightened or the swelling Bulky material prevents or already adhering membrane 12 or the fluidization zone 19 on the surface is loosened and thrown off, or by being hit by. By this device it is achieved that Compressed air pulses that can be imprinted on the outside shake the lining even with fluctuating system overpressure can be. always with the necessary difference

In one embodiment, as in FIG. 3, part A, 20 reference overpressure is supplied.

shown ring-shaped aprons 20 different For most bulk material lock processes in and

Diameter so in the conical apparatus part 3, 4 from pressure chambers is normal air than

used that an overlapping liner over the sluice gas. In special applications, especially in

entire height of the cone. These aprons of the chemical industry, however, are also valuable

can also be designed in such a way that the detachments or toxic gases can be used in this case

see properties are reinforced, such. B. by fran- the lock gas in the storage tank 3 after

Sen-shaped incision at the lower edge. Pressure equalization before opening the lower shut-off unit

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, part 2, by a purge gas, e.g. B. ambient air, largely

B, shown the lining material at the top and being displaced and so the proportion of lock gas,

The lower end of the cone 3, 4 is clamped and transported out to a 30 with the bulk material to be sluiced

or several places above the height of the cone is added to be minimized. For this purpose it flows into the

Hch supported so that a continuous cover storage container 3 via a purge gas line 11 or

Hung 21 of the inner wall of the cone with the elastic extension also via the fluidization zone 19 the flushing gas into the

clothing material results in the space between the lining storage container 3. After a long enough

Dung and container wall can be in one or more 35 times of flushing, the discharge process in the usual

separate annular chambers, which are individually, continued. The remarks on flushing

together, at the same time or in any order with the storage container with additional gas for the purpose of

A compressed air pulse 22 to be introduced from the outside and displacement of the lock gas apply in the same sense

can be served. also for the process of introducing bulk goods into

In addition to ensuring trouble-free trans- to a pressure room, z. B, if there is a reaction gas

When the bulk material is transported through the sluice device, the atmosphere is predominant

To solve the task associated with the lock process. The control and timing of the parts Stop gas leaks. These gas leaks occur consecutively in time, sometimes in parallel occur when the shut-off units 1, 2 are not carried out discharge steps via a to close tightly. This fact is mainly controlled by the control unit belonging to the 45 discharge device Caused wear of the sealing elements. It is preferably a fixed programming sealing ring 23 of the shut-off unit 3, 4, the one in the case of the rotary control with variably adjustable times, however Flap design as shown in Fig. 4, controls are also combined with time clocks entire height of the organ is enough preferably with limit switches or also purely mechanical systems horizontal steering of the rotary control 24 (position "CLOSED"), 50 provided as control with camshaft. Everyone can be retightened pneumatically from the outside. What is common in these control systems is that the control times stand presses the sealing ring 25 made of elastic material can also be changed afterwards and so the respective material under the effect of the clamping pressure firmly and tightly against the lock process can be optimally adapted. to the edge of the rotary flap 24. The grain size of the bulk material is not downwards ensures that the sealing mechanism is closed even when the valve is closed and upwards by the largest free passage The sealing edge of the shut-off element 24 limits the liquid content of a device is secure and, even at higher differential pressures, no moist bulk material to be sluiced can be transported over a wide area Gas leakage from the overpressure space takes place.Vary these limits so that on the one hand dry products, The purpose must be the pressure, tightened with the sealing ring 25 on the other hand, but also pasty, liquid-like, greater than the system to be overcome 60 before materials can be funneled. Farther pressure. are in the material selection of the described Appa-In the same way, it is necessary that the expansion rate parts, in particular the fluidization zone 19, des membrane 12 or the fluidization zone 19 of the retensionable sealing ring 23, the elastic Locking units and, under certain circumstances, the elastic lining 5 and the elastic membrane 12 and 16, respectively, do not have any of the buffer volume 4 provided with a pressure greater than the 65 restrictions. The cone angle of System overpressure can be actuated. This requirement of buffer volume 4 and storage container 3 is freely chosen through the use of a pressure reducer with Sybar. The overall height of the entire lock apparatus is system overpressure is reached.

7 8

ße of the shut-off units 1, 2 limited, solid filter 7 at the top so that the compressed air can flow from the outflow they can be enlarged at will. The drive of the current from the storage container 3 entrained solid shut-off units takes place through controllable anti-friction material particles in the 3-way shut-off element 8 units. Every system is state-of-the-art, and there is no technology involved in the opening and closing process can be used, such as compressed air motor, electric motor, 5 leaks. At the end of the relaxation induction Push rods and the like as a lock-ning process, determined by pressure measurement 10 in the gas is understood in the general sense to mean that gaseous phase storage container or by draining a set, the period of time with the bulk material in the storage container, the pressure from the pneumatic comes into contact under pressure conditions, the pre-tensionable seal 25 of the lower shut-off or prevail after the chamber lock. 10 means 2 removed and the lower rotary flap through

For a more detailed explanation, the device is opened without differential pressure by turning it into a vertical position.

Reference to the continuous pressure filtration during or immediately after the end of the rotation process

Processing beets described in more detail. In the continuous, the inflatable membrane 12,16 is actuated, whereby

For nual pressure filtration, rotary filters like the one that may cling to the rotary flap are used

Drum or disc filter for solid-liquid separation 15 bulk material is replaced. At the same time, the filter cu-

of turbidity in one to 4 bar (in special cases up to particle material by gravity from the storage

6 bar) overpressure designed pressure chamber operated. container 3 in the normal environment. During the emptying

After the solid-liquid separation process falls in general approximately process of the storage container 3, the elastic

a lumpy to pourable filter cake made of fine-grained lining 5 of the lower cone space with a small amount of solid matter, the degree of saturation S

degree of efficiency 5 = ratio of liquid volume to support material to be removed.

Void volume of a porous volume element) Once the emptying period has expired, it will vary between S = 0.3 and S = 1. The filter bowl lower shut-off unit 2 by turning the rotary flap must be closed as bulk material as continuously as possible from the horizontal position and then channeled into the normal atmosphere 25 and the pneumatically re-tensionable seal 23. For this purpose it falls after the cares about the pressure reducer, F i g. 5, stretched again. Filter cake take-off from the filter in a time-following manner is now via the bypass line 6 and shaft to which the discharge unit is subsequently connected to the suitably switched 3-way shut-off element 8 which is flanged. Storage tank 3 again with the printing process

According to FIG. 1 is coupled at the beginning of the discharge space described and is thus pressurized.

load cycle, the lower shut-off unit 2, here a turn- at the end of the pressure equalization process between

flap, closed in a horizontal position and looking through storage container 3 and printing process room,

the pneumatically retensionable seal 25 additionally determined by pressure measurement 10 in the storage container

sealed The upper shut-off unit 1, here also 3 when a set period of time has elapsed, is

a rotary valve, is open in the vertical position.

this state prevails in the chamber lock of the unit 1 relaxed and the upper rotary flap differential

Pressure of the process room and the filter cake falls depressurized and brought into a vertical position

through the discharge shaft and buffer volume 4 into the storage During the previously described discharge

storage container 3. Furthermore, the storage container 3 aisles has been placed on the upper, closed shut-off

Via the bypass line 6 and the suitably switched 40 unit 1 in the further container 4 of the continuously

3-way shut-off device 8 with the process room falling filter cake accumulated when the

coupled In this position, the storage container 3 upper rotary flap is now dropped into the storage container.

The container 3 is filled to a specified level, as is the case for the lower shut-off unit 2

is determined by the level measuring device 9. already described, the inflatable membrane 12, 16 is actuated

Form during the filling process on the lined 45 and thus adhering filter cake from the rotary flap

Wall 5 of the buffer volume 4 caking from moisture detached. The same applies accordingly to that of the

tem, cohesive filter cake, so this material adhering to the buffer volume wall 4 can. The upper

The reason for the fluttering movement caused by falling - the rotary flap then remains open until

de food cake pieces in the elastic lining 5 of the storage container 3 the desired bulk material filling

caused by the introduction of a pulse, the level has reached 50 again. Then the repeats itself

The discharge process is replaced as described.

Once the specified fill level has been reached, the upper part of the rotary flap with an inflatable membrane can be used

Rotary flap closed. The upper rotary flap also has a flat slide with a fluidization zone

reached horizontal position, the will be pneumatic. The times for the individual discharge steps

still tensionable seal 23 with an overpressure greater than 55 can be freely specified.

ßer than the pressure in the process room tense and firm The device thus offers a means to also placed on the edge of the rotary flap Seal 23 len with a sufficiently large overpressure, which thereby follows particularly cohesive and adhesive eggs through the said pressure reducer, F i g. 5. have properties, safe and with low to moderate

If the upper shut-off unit 1 is completely airtight, there is minimal loss of lock gas in and out of pressure chambers Lock via the 3-way shut-off element 8 in the bypass line 6. The chamber lock is designed so that the coupling of the storage container 3 with the pressure even with long operating times with great security Process room interrupted and at the same time a caking and thus blockages of the bulk material connection the storage container 3 with the normal flow is forgiven by bridging in the discharge device Approved. In this way the memory 65 will be avoided. The device offers the possibility of Container 3 is relieved to ambient pressure. This also prevents the sluicing of strongly abrasive grinders that in the bypass line 6 between storage materials, such as. B. moist filter cake from processing container 3 and 3-way shut-off device 8 used gas / processing products to work without leakage gas losses and

Wt

To compensate for any abrasions that have occurred on the shut-off units, which could lead to increased leakage gas loss.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Claims (6)

1 2 lust in the printing room. Furthermore occurs with the rotary wheel patent claims: sluice through the discharge material, which is guided along the housing walls, a strong apparatus 1. Device for introducing and discharging wear, which is in addition to the actual apparatus destruction bulk material in and out of pressure chambers with a storage system leads to an increase in gas leakage losses container, which is closed by shut-off devices. When discharging a moist bulk material, the has closable openings, one of which is generally a forced discharge to the rotary valve Printing leads, the inlet opening in the storage is provided from the pockets of the star rotor, cherbehäß has a smaller cross-section so that the adhesive product is safely out of the lock than the outlet opening and in the passage direction ge ίο removed see a buffer volume in front of the storage container. The further container forming the most frequently used entry and exit system is arranged is the chamber lock. The basic unit sen outlet opening has a cross-section which the chamber lock consists of a storage container at most equal to the cross-section of the inlet opening - the chamber - as well as an inlet and outlet into the storage container, which means that it is a gas-tight shut-off unit the storage tank (3) a control unit ensures that only one shut-off device and the other tank (4) is open in the flow direction. 4) by an inflatable elastic while at the same time the lower, as possible gas-tight, geAlining (5, 21) is formed and which is kept closed as 20. In this state, the same system pressure prevails in the turntable (13,16,24) or slide (18) of the chamber as in the process shut-off devices at least on their clearing space, from which the bulk material is initially received through a compressed air flow will. The product thus reaches the chamber in a deformable manner or the bulk material fluidizing without differential pressure. It must therefore have a surface during the filling time. 25 would ensure that the lower shut-off unit also 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that after a long period of operation and worn Dichtorzeich that when using turntables (13, gan largely gas-tight closes hi di * chamber 16,24) which the turntable edge in closed filling, the upper shut-off unit is closed . In many cases, the chamber volume can be re-tensioned and the turntable 30 or vented so that the lower shut-off edge then radially overlaps the unit and can be opened without differential pressure. In the- 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the product falls due to the position draws that on the inner walls of the two containers gravity from the chamber. ter (3, 4) overlapping aprons (20) from this requirement, many generally fail an elastic material are arranged. 35 chamber locks, as cohesive and adhesive products 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that there are no additional facilities or not at all shows that the aprons (20) fringed entries can be carried out. In addition to the caking cuts have at their free edge. risk of incomplete failure and failure of the pro- 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in or out of the chamber and the associated product label, that the aprons (20) are cylindrical 40 with the possibility of bridging in the discharge are. space must be taken into account that very fine-grained and 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized by moist bulk goods such. B. filter cake, in the seal, that the surfaces of the shut-off device area of the shut-off units to considerable Abdurch inflatable elastic or inelastic shaves can result. Membranes (12,17) are formed. 45 In the device according to DE-PS J 84 560 are the Walls of the storage tank and the Neten further container is cylindrical in each case. The shut-off devices are vertically displaceable, conical Plate, opens the plate at the inlet opening The invention relates to a device for input and 50 to the storage container, then the bulk material slips into the Discharge of bulk goods into and out of pressure chambers to the wedge-shaped ring area between the wall of the storage the preamble of claim 1 as described in DE-PS cherbehälters and the plate at the outlet opening. 84 560 is shown. This material is compressed in this ring area The increasing tendency to integrate technical processes. Is it a matter of cohesive or adhesive material carry out a positive pressure atmosphere, makes the 55 material, then it is inevitable that this is in the Use of reliably working lock apparatus between the aforementioned wedge-shaped ring area fixes. Sliding required. An example of this is the filtration ches applies when the plate is in at the inlet opening at overpressure, which makes it necessary, moves to the filtering closed position and thereby bulk material in the wedge-shaped th, partially dehumidified and thus cohesive filter in the ring area between this plate and the wall cake as partially lumpy bulk material compressed from the 60 of the further container. Discharge pressure chamber. The FR-PS 10 46 077 is a forward direction In the past, this task was carried out in the conically narrowing part of the container. In some cases a rotary valve is used. Die- bar, who has an elastic inflatable liner on it. scs output device, however, has only pointed to overcoming. Powdery bulk material, such as low pressure differences between the pressure chambers 65 pulverized coal should be inflated by pulsed proven. Due to the loss of cells and gaps, the lining is loosened. Does it at higher differential pressures there is a large but cohesive or adhesive bulk material, Gas leakage throughput and the resulting pressure drop then this material becomes conically narrowing