DE3346077C2 - Substructure for a plate-shaped solar generator - Google Patents
Substructure for a plate-shaped solar generatorInfo
- Publication number
- DE3346077C2 DE3346077C2 DE3346077A DE3346077A DE3346077C2 DE 3346077 C2 DE3346077 C2 DE 3346077C2 DE 3346077 A DE3346077 A DE 3346077A DE 3346077 A DE3346077 A DE 3346077A DE 3346077 C2 DE3346077 C2 DE 3346077C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substructure
- shaped
- solar generator
- solar
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
- E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
- F24S25/11—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface using shaped bodies, e.g. concrete elements, foamed elements or moulded box-like elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
- H02S20/24—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures specially adapted for flat roofs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
- F24S2025/02—Ballasting means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S2080/01—Selection of particular materials
- F24S2080/012—Concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Unterkonstruktion für einen plattenförmigen Solargenerator nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a substructure for a plate-shaped solar generator according to the preamble of claim 1.
Es ist bekannt, Halbleiterphotoelemente aufweisende Solargeneratoren in geneigter Stellung auf einer Unterkonstruktion zu befestigen, die aus metallenen Profilen hergestellt ist. Diese Konstruktion ist im Material teuer und in der Herstellung aufwendig. Auch muß diese Unterkonstruktion auf dem meist waagerechten Untergrund, sei es ein Flachdach oder Erdboden, befestigt werden, um gegen Witterungseinflüsse, insbesondere Sturm, gesichert zu sein.It is known to have solar generators having semiconductor photo elements in an inclined position on a substructure to fasten, which is made of metal profiles. This construction is expensive in material and complex to manufacture. This substructure must also be placed on the mostly horizontal subsurface, be it a flat roof or ground, be attached to protect against weather influences, in particular Storm to be assured.
Eine Unterkonstruktion der eingangs genannten Art ist aus H. S. Rauschenbach: »Solar Cell Array Design Handbook«, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1980, S. 312—314 bekannt. Hier werden Betonblöcke verwendet. Eine ähnliche Unterkonstruktion ist bei Solargeneratoren bzw. bei Sonnenkollektoren aus M.A.Green: »Solar Cells«, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs 1982, S. 256—258 bzw. aus »Sonnenenergie & Wärmepumpe«, Jg. 4, H. 5—6,1979, S. 28-35 bekannt. Eine Lageveränderung ist bei diesen Unterkonstruktionen nicht vorgesehen. A substructure of the type mentioned at the beginning is from H. S. Rauschenbach: »Solar Cell Array Design Handbook ”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1980, pp. 312-314. Concrete blocks are used here. A similar substructure is used for solar generators or solar collectors made of M.A. Green: "Solar Cells", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs 1982, pp. 256-258 or from "Solar Energy & Heat Pump", Vol. 4, H. 5-6, 1979, pp. 28-35 known. A change in position is not intended for these substructures.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Unterkonstruktion der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß sie bei ausreichender Standfestigkeit beweglich ist und eine gute Kühlung der Solarzellen ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to improve a substructure of the type mentioned in such a way that it is movable with sufficient stability and enables good cooling of the solar cells.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved.
Eine derart gestaltete Unterkonstruktion führt zu einem geringen Materialverbrauch und ist einfach und preiswert in der Herstellung, insbesondere bei großen Stückzahlen. Das Aufstellen des Formsteins auf einem Flachdach oder einem anderen Untergrund erfordert keine Montagearbeiten, da der Formstein auf dem Untergrund nicht befestigt werden muß. Aufgrund seines Eigengewichtes ist er ausreichend sturmfest. Der Formstein baut sehr niedrig, so daß er auf Flachdächer gestellt werden kann, ohne von außen sichtbar zu sein. Ferner ist die Montage des Solargenerators auf dem Formstein mit einfachsten handwerklichen Mitteln durchführbar. Der Formstein ist nach oben hin offen ausgeführt, wobei diese obere Öffnung durch den Solargenerator bedeckt ist. Hierdurch wird eine optimale Kühlung der Rückseite des Solargenerators erzielt.A substructure designed in this way leads to low material consumption and is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, especially for large numbers. Setting up the shaped stone on a Flat roof or any other subsurface does not require any assembly work, as the shaped stone is on the subsurface does not need to be attached. Due to its own weight, it is sufficiently storm-proof. The shaped stone builds very low so that it can be placed on flat roofs without being visible from the outside. Furthermore, the assembly of the solar generator on the shaped stone is with the simplest of manual means feasible. The shaped stone is designed to be open at the top, this upper opening through the solar generator is covered. This achieves optimal cooling of the rear of the solar generator.
Ein Formstein mit dreieckförmigen Seiten wänden,A shaped stone with triangular side walls,
die durch eine waagrechte Grundplatte verbunden sind, ist an sich aus der FR-OS 24 76 721 bekannt. Dieser Formstein dient jedoch als Giebelstein und wird zu einem festen Bestandteil der Giebelwand.which are connected by a horizontal base plate is known per se from FR-OS 24 76 721. This However, shaped stone serves as a gable stone and becomes an integral part of the gable wall.
Ein ausreichendes Eigengewicht wird auch dann noch erzielt, wenn der Beton ein Leichtbeton ist. In diesem Fall wird sichergestellt, daß auch bei großflächigen Solargeneratoren der Formstein leicht, insbesondere von einer Person, transportierbar ist.A sufficient dead weight is achieved even if the concrete is a lightweight concrete. In this Case ensures that even with large-area solar generators, the molded stone is light, especially from a person who is transportable.
Aus Gewichtsgründen kann die Grundplatte Öffnungen aufweisen. Alternativ können diese öffnungen aber auch dazu verwendet werden, die Grundplatte in besonderen Fällen am Untergrund zu befestigen. Hierzu können nicht nur Befestigungsmittel in den öffnungen angebracht werden, sondern es kann auch durch ein Ausgießen dieser Öffnungen durch erstarrende Mittel wie Klebstoff oder Betonmilch vorgenommen werden.For weight reasons, the base plate can have openings. Alternatively, however, these openings can also be used to attach the base plate to the substrate in special cases. You can do this not only can fastening means be attached in the openings, but it can also be poured out these openings are made by solidifying agents such as glue or concrete milk.
Vorzugsweise wird vorgeschlagen, daß die oberen Stirnseiten der Seitenwände Befestigungsmittel für den Solargenerator aufweisen.It is preferably proposed that the upper end faces of the side walls fastening means for the Have solar generator.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigtAn embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below described. It shows
F i g. 1 eine Seitenansicht des Formsteins;
F i g. 2 eine Rückansicht des Formsteins;
F i g. 3 eine Draufsicht auf den Formstein;
Fig.4 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Formsteins
ohne Solargenerator;F i g. 1 is a side view of the shaped block;
F i g. 2 is a rear view of the shaped block;
F i g. 3 is a plan view of the shaped block;
4 shows a perspective view of the molded block without a solar generator;
F i g. 5 eine perspektivische Darstellung nach F i g. 4 mit aufgelegtem und befestigtem Solargenerator;
F i g. 6 ein Befestigungsmittel für den Solargenerator; F i g. 7 einen Ausschnitt aus einer perspektivischen
Darstellung eines Flachdaches mit in Reihen parallel aufgestellten Formsteinen mit Solargeneratoren;F i g. 5 shows a perspective illustration according to FIG. 4 with applied and attached solar generator;
F i g. 6 a fastening means for the solar generator; F i g. 7 shows a detail from a perspective illustration of a flat roof with shaped stones with solar generators set up in parallel rows;
F i g. 8 einen Ausschnitt aus einer Draufsicht auf in zwei Reihen aufgestellten Formsteinen mit Solargeneratoren, wobei die einzelnen Formsteine zueinander versetzt sind.F i g. 8 shows a detail from a top view of shaped stones with solar generators set up in two rows, whereby the individual shaped stones are offset from one another.
Der Formstein 1 weist eine waagerechte untere rechteckige Grundplatte 2 von größerer Länge als Breite auf, an deren Längsseiten zwei senkrechte Seitenwände 3 befestigt, insbesondere angeformt sind. Die plattenförmigen Seitenwände 3 weisen Seitenflächen in etwa in Form von rechtwinkligen Dreiecken auf, deren Hypotenuse nach oben gewandt ist und eine Auflagefläche für einen Solargenerator 4 bilden. Beide Seitenwände 3 als auch der gesamte Formstein 1 sind somit keilförmig. The molded block 1 has a horizontal lower rectangular base plate 2 of greater length than width on, on the longitudinal sides of which two vertical side walls 3 are attached, in particular molded on. the plate-shaped side walls 3 have side surfaces approximately in the form of right triangles, the Hypotenuse faces upwards and forms a support surface for a solar generator 4. Both side walls 3 and the entire shaped block 1 are thus wedge-shaped.
Der Formstein ist sowohl an der Rückseite als auch an der Oberseite und Vorderseite offen, so daß dieser hohle Formstein wenig Material benötigt und auch nach Abdecken durch einen Solargenerator 4 von Luft durchströmt ist. Der Formstein kann aus Beton, insbesondere Leichtbeton, Lehm oder Keramik gefertigt sein.The shaped stone is open both at the back and at the top and front, so that it is hollow Molded stone requires little material and air flows through it even after being covered by a solar generator 4 is. The shaped stone can be made of concrete, in particular lightweight concrete, clay or ceramic.
Die Grundplatte 2 weist drei öffnungen 5 auf, die das Eigengewicht verringern und in Sonderfällen der Befestigung des Formsteins auf dem Untergrund dienen können. Auch die Seitenwände 3 können öffnungen zur Gewichtsverringerung und zur besseren Handhabung besitzen.The base plate 2 has three openings 5, which Reduce own weight and, in special cases, serve to fasten the shaped stone to the substrate can. The side walls 3 can also have openings for weight reduction and for better handling own.
Der Solargenerator 4 kann auf die schräge Oberseite des Formsteins durch Nägel 7, Dübel, Schrauben und/The solar generator 4 can be attached to the sloping top of the shaped stone by nails 7, dowels, screws and /
oder Klebmittel befestigt sein. Da nach Auflegen des Solargenerators 4 die hintere Seitenwand des Formsteins offen ist, können an der Rückseite des Solargenerators 4 angeordnete elektrische Anschlüsse leicht erreicht werden.or adhesives attached. Since after placing the solar generator 4, the rear side wall of the shaped stone is open, electrical connections arranged on the rear of the solar generator 4 can easily be reached will.
Die niedrig bauenden Formsteine können je nach den Gegebenheiten der zur Verfügung stehenden Grundfläche, insbesondere auf dem Dach oder auf dem Erdboden, auf verschiedenste Art und Weise angeordnet, insbesondere nebeneinandergestellt werden. Dies kann z. B. parallel in Reihen (F i g. 7) oder aber auch versetzt (F i g. 8) geschehen. Es kann immer ein sehr platzsparendes Aufstellen bei jeder Fläche unabhängig davon erreicht werden, wie diese zur Verfügung stehende Fläche nach Süden hin liegt. Auch ist ein späteres Auswechseln und Ändern leicht möglich. Stets sind die in den Solargenerctoren 4 enthaltenen Solarzellen 6 der Sonne optimal zugewandt.The low-rise shaped bricks can, depending on the conditions of the available floor space, in particular on the roof or on the ground, arranged in a wide variety of ways, in particular be placed side by side. This can e.g. B. parallel in rows (Fig. 7) or also offset (Fig. 8) happen. A very space-saving installation can always be achieved regardless of the area how this available area is to the south. There is also a later replacement and change easily possible. The solar cells 6 of the sun contained in the solar generators 4 are always optimal facing.
Hierzu 2 Blatt ZeichnungenFor this purpose 2 sheets of drawings
4040
4545
6060
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3346077A DE3346077C2 (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Substructure for a plate-shaped solar generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3346077A DE3346077C2 (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Substructure for a plate-shaped solar generator |
| DE8336571U DE8336571U1 (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Substructure for a solar panel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3346077A1 DE3346077A1 (en) | 1985-07-04 |
| DE3346077C2 true DE3346077C2 (en) | 1986-06-05 |
Family
ID=32031392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3346077A Expired DE3346077C2 (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Substructure for a plate-shaped solar generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3346077C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2395299A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-14 | Solon Se | Supporting plate for holding solar modules on a flat substrate and supporting plate array |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5746839A (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1998-05-05 | Powerlight Corporation | Lightweight, self-ballasting photovoltaic roofing assembly |
| NL1005204C2 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-07 | Cooeperatief Advies En Onderzo | Device for supporting a solar panel and a solar panel assembly comprising this device. |
| WO2004048862A2 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-10 | Wolfgang Wismeth | Installation for generating solar power on slopes and in open spaces |
| DE102008027300A1 (en) * | 2008-06-07 | 2009-12-10 | Rev Renewable Energy Ventures, Inc. | Solar system for use in solar power plant for generating electrical energy from sun light, has carrier structure including wall elements on which photovoltaic modules are arranged, where wall elements are connected by connection element |
| DE102008027301A1 (en) * | 2008-06-07 | 2009-12-10 | Rev Renewable Energy Ventures, Inc. | Solar system has photovoltaic module for generating electrical energy from sunlight, where concrete support structure is provided, on which photovoltaic module is arranged |
| ITMI20120143U1 (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-07 | Iannuzzi Impianti S N C Di Iannuzz I Maurizio & C | SUPPORT FOR SOLAR PANELS |
| US10547270B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2020-01-28 | Solarcity Corporation | Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7232771U (en) * | 1972-11-30 | Schmidt K | Gable stone | |
| DE1689868U (en) * | 1954-08-17 | 1954-12-23 | Steinwerk Stetten Heinrich Fis | FACTORY-BASED BRICK. |
| FR2476721A1 (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-08-28 | Socarel | Building support for gable end top - has triangular profile matching roof pitch and reinforcing bars in central opening |
| DD151983B1 (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1987-11-04 | Dieter Tessmann | SPREADED DREMPEL |
-
1983
- 1983-12-21 DE DE3346077A patent/DE3346077C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2395299A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-14 | Solon Se | Supporting plate for holding solar modules on a flat substrate and supporting plate array |
| DE102010023562A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-15 | Solon Se | Support plate for storage of solar modules on a flat substrate and support plate field |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3346077A1 (en) | 1985-07-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8181 | Inventor (new situation) |
Free format text: MELCHIOR, BERND, 5630 REMSCHEID, DE |
|
| 8125 | Change of the main classification |
Ipc: H01L 31/04 |
|
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: VOLKSBANK REMSCHEID EG, 5630 REMSCHEID, DE |
|
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |