DE3327235A1 - Training apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a training apparatus and the corresponding apparatus exercise programmes. The training apparatus (1) is constructed in that a movable power arm (2) for actuation by the user (9) and a movable load arm (3) for the attachment of various weights (8) are releasably connected to each other by a connecting element (4) with mutually offset locking devices, so that the angle or the position between power arm (2) and load arm (3) is adjustable. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting element is a transmission (4) which is formed from two cogs (12, 13), one attached to the power arm (2) and one to the load arm (3). The cogs (12, 13) are axially displaceable relative to each other so that they can be moved into different positions. As a result, it becomes possible to adapt the loading curve to various ranges of movement for muscle training. <IMAGE>

Description

Exercise device

The invention relates to a training device according to the preamble of Claim 1 and the associated device exercise programs.

Aids for muscle training have been known for a long time serve to create tension in the muscle. The stimuli exerted with it will the muscle is trained, becomes more efficient and decreases in its Size too.

One of the best-known and oldest aids are the dumbbells. One The (small) dumbbell consists of two weights connected by a crossbar are. The crossbar can be grasped with the hand with a small dumbbell, so that the two weights are on the left and right of the hand. The effect and The disadvantages of dumbbell training are discussed below using an exercise for the Arm flexors (biceps) are shown: The arm flexor has at rest a certain length and can be stretched about a third of its length under load and contracted a third of its length. It has been shown that a optimal training effect is achieved when a muscle with about 85% of the maximum possible load is moved repeatedly. This 85% load should be done during occur throughout the movement.

This is currently not possible with dumbbell training. With a usual Exercise to train the arm flexor, the person exercising sits with the legs slightly open on a bench and supports the upper arm with the elbow joint on the thigh. With a dumbbell in hand, then the forearm is stretched out from its, perpendicular position facing downwards over the horizontal up to about back in moves the vertical position. The strain on the arm flexor changes with a certain dumbbell weight of 0% in the downward facing position of the Forearm up to 100% in the horizontal position where that formed by the forearm Lever arm is the longest. The load decreases as the forearm is raised further back to 0% when this is straight up.

In this training exercise, as in the other dumbbell training exercises, can actually put the desired load on the muscle (approx. 85% of the maximum load) can only be reached at one point, the horizontal position of the forearm. A good The training effect is therefore only approximately in the small area of + 100 around the horizontal achieved, since in the other areas the load for a sufficiently high stimulus is too low. The muscle will therefore not be in the full range of contraction and extension adequately trained. As a result, a muscle trained in this way, despite the Training is sensitive to muscle stretching, muscle tears, etc. This training leads to an enlargement of the muscles (quantity) but not to a qualitative improvement (well-trained, over the whole Range of motion powerful and resilient muscles).

It is conceivable, even during dumbbell training according to the above Example of optimally training the arm flexor in the entire range of motion by that the angle of the upper arm to the horizontal position of the forearm in the individual Repetitions of movements is changed, d. H.

the 100% load with a horizontal forearm in each other Range of motion of the arm flexor would occur. Such a training in which one after the other trained in divided 100% areas over the full range of motion of a muscle is extremely time-consuming and is therefore practically not carried out.

Training devices, such as pulling and pushing apparatus, are also known which the gravitational force on exchangeable weights via levers or cables is diverted.

With these devices, too, similar to dumbbell training, the The desired load on the muscle is only achieved in a small area, as here too the available force (deflected gravitational force) essentially remains the same. The muscle load also changes here depending on the effective lever length when bending and stretching the trained body part. Thus the training contains With these machines the same disadvantages that are associated with the dumbbell training were shown.

Another well-known aid for muscle training is the so-called. Expander, which consists of two handles with springs or rubber cords stretched in between consists. According to the spring law, the amount required for stretching the expander increases Force proportional to expansion. The expander with rubber cords is at the previous see full expansion usually already the limit of flexibility reached so that the load towards the end of a movement in addition to that anyway increasing load (spring law) increases again sharply. It is straightforward it can be seen that with such expanders none of the loads shown above and Adaptation to a specific muscle can be achieved as there is an expander in the Load only increases.

The object of the invention is to create a training device, this allows you to adjust the load and the load range during muscle training and adjust.

This object is achieved with the features according to claim 1.

According to claim 1, a training device is proposed in which a Power arm for actuation by the trainee and a load arm for attaching different Weights are releasably connected by a connecting element.

The connecting element should have different locking positions be designed so that the angle between the power arm and load arm is adjustable. This achieves an angle lever construction with an adjustable intermediate angle. The maximum load on the load arm occurs when it is horizontal stands. The range of motion of the muscle in which this should be can be determined by the choice the angle between the force arm and the load arm can be selected. How big the maximum load should be, is determined by attaching different weights to the load arm. The force curves and the load curves can thus be combined in any areas The areas are determined by the number of different latching or plug-in positions are determined between the force arm and the load arm.

These customization options are particularly advantageous for a specific load in a specific range of motion during rehabilitation after muscle or tendon injuries and after operations, when the muscle is only in specific areas should be stressed. In competitive sports you can use the proposed Method a muscle can be specifically trained and built.

However, there are also much more targeted sports for mass sports Training opportunities.

In a preferred development of the invention according to claim 2 the connecting element consists of two gears, which end on the power arm and Load arms are attached and which are engaged during training. The gears or the power arm or load arm can be axially displaced until they are no longer are in engagement and can be rotated against each other. This results in again the possibility, after re-engaging, the angular position between the Change the force arm and load arm. The two gears represent a transmission gear represents, which is expediently designed with a transmission ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4. With an arrangement with a transmission ratio of greater than 1: 1 results a very important advantage. With a gear ratio of 1: 2 and one Movement of the force arm from 1800, for example from its vertical upper to its vertical lower position, the load arm then only moves in an angular range from 900. If the mutual setting is chosen so that with horizontal Position of the force arm also the load arm is horizontal, the load arm moves when moving the force arm by 1800 by + 450 around the horizontal. It is thus closed see that on the power arm also in its vertical positions one opposite the horizontal position reduces the load. This corresponds to the natural one Force curve at a crook of the arm, so that the load curve and the Force curve essentially lichen blankets. A training stimulus is thus exercised over the entire range of motion of a muscle, so that throughout Constant range of motion for training optimal stimuli exerted on the muscle will. The muscle becomes even over its entire range of motion trained and therefore efficient and insensitive to injuries in the whole area. It is therefore not just a quantitative increase in the muscle but also a qualitative improvement of the muscle achieved.

During training, you can train with relatively light weights because a high training effect is already achieved with it. This diminishes the risk of injury during exercise. Due to the reduced risk of training This gives you the opportunity to participate in popular sports, for example in so-called fitness centers, To let people train without constant guidance and supervision.

There is also the possibility of so-called device exercise programs in data processing systems in which the device settings, the Exercise weights, the number of repetitions, and the number of sets (repetitions after breaks) are included. After a briefing, every trainee can his exercise program individually based on age, gender, training level, etc. retrieve adapted from the data processing. This facility will make the operation such a popular sports facility inexpensive and the fees for a broad Audience affordable. Due to the possibility of adapting the load curves Special rehabilitation programs can also be saved, for example for back pain or knee joint rehabilitation.

With the features of claim 3 is a further embodiment of a training device. The load arm should have the shape of an ellipse and a freely suspended weight attached to a tether can be used as the load is. The tether, a rope or a Chain, should be over the Be guided by the elliptical circumference and during the movement of the elliptical load arm from or. wind up. The elliptical load arm is preferably around a focal point of the ellipse rotatable. If the power arm to be moved by the trainee is used as a crank is formed and the weight would unwind around a circular disc, the force acting on the force arm would always be the same. It can be seen without further ado that with an elliptical shape the load because of the changing effective lever changes. How much the load changes, for example how much the load changes on the force arm is in its vertical end positions, is represented by the shape of the ellipse (major and minor semi-axis) determined.

In a further embodiment according to claim 4, the angle is also intended can be changed between the force arm and the elliptical load arm so that also in this embodiment the maximum load range with respect to the power arm and thus the range of motion of a muscle can be changed.

Thus, also with the second embodiment according to claim 3 and claim 4 achieves the advantages explained in connection with claim 2, in particular a load adapted to the natural force curve during movement of a muscle during training and the effective training effect that can be achieved with a relatively small load and the possibility of changing the load range over the Moving and adjusting the range of motion of the muscle at will.

According to claim 5 support or holding device to Locking of the load arm and / or the force arm can be provided. This expedient Constructive facilities are used to provide a lever arm during training breaks or to support the adjustment.

The devices shown are essentially all physical To train skills: Essentially these are the maximum strength, i. H. the Maximum degree of possible tension of a muscle; strength endurance; this is the A muscle's ability to store energy that enables it to overflow to do work for a certain period of time without additional oxygen supply. When training strength endurance, the cardiovascular system is particularly important activated; the speed power; this is the ability to develop a muscle as quickly as possible to be able to move in together; the ability to stretch, which is the ability of a muscle to Return to its original position. In this context, mobility is also important to see.

The aforementioned properties are summarized as muscle strength to call. In addition, there is the ability of the body to work Providing fuel to muscles, which is known as organ power. These too Organ strength is optimally trained with the proposed equipment. Overall will a healthy body and physical fitness with the abilities of great strength, endurance, Reached speed, agility, agility and coordination.

The devices described above are especially designed for articulated people Muscle exercises thought. The pivot point of the power arm is coaxial with the joint pivot point of the trained body part. The pivot point is supported or held in place. For example, in an exercise machine, the upper arm should be used when exercising the arm flexor supported or restrained so that only the forearm movable is. This has the advantage that other muscle groups are not stressed and one targeted training on a specific muscle or muscle group is possible. With the appropriate setting of the device, the joints are also protected from overload.

With the training devices according to the invention, it continues as before indicated above, easy to set up device exercise programs that are also used for processing are suitable in data processing systems. The device exercise programs are compatible with the the same training equipment for both competitive and recreational sports and for rehabilitation feasible.

The device training programs are determined in detail by: - the Relationship between load arm and force arm, determined by their length and the intermediate angle, - by the weight with which the load arm is loaded, - by the number of consecutive repetitions to be performed, - the number of sets, this being the ones with breaks in between performed repetitions are, - the pace, d. H. the execution time, within which the repeated tongues should be performed, - the pauses between the sentences.

All of the above properties add up to the total intensity of the training and must be specified in the exercise programs. This intensity is different ever to be determined by age group and for men and women. Next are these device exercises to be used with different intensity in - competitive sport for all types of sport through targeted muscle training, - during rehabilitation on all joints or Muscles, - in popular sport (fitness).

With the aid of drawings, two exemplary embodiments of the invention are presented explained in more detail with further features, details and advantages.

1 shows a schematic representation of a training device with intermediate gear, Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a section through a Intermediate gear with power and load arm, Fig. 3 shows an arm with a load diagram in dumbbell training, Fig. 4 load and force curves in dumbbell training and with the training devices according to the invention, FIG. 5 different load curves Positions, Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram for the mode of operation of a second embodiment, 7 shows a schematic representation of a reduced to the essential components Training device according to the second embodiment.

In Fig. 1, a training device 1 is shown, which essentially consists of a Kraftarm2 and a load arm 3, which are connected via a gear 4 are. The transmission 4 is arranged in a transmission housing 5, which is through a only schematically indicated support frame 6 held at a distance from the ground contact surface 7 is. With the support frame 6, a bench 8 is connected, on which a trainee 9 sits so that his upper arm 10 is approximately vertical and from behind by a Plate (not shown for the sake of clarity) in the direction of arrow 11 is supported. The transmission 4 (see also Fig. 2) consists of two gears 12, 13, which are connected to the load arm 3 and the force arm 2. The one with the load arm 3 connected gear 12 has about twice the diameter as the gear 13. The The elbow joint 14 of the person exercising 9 is approximately coaxial with the gear wheel 13. On the power arm 2 a padded roller 15 protruding from it at a 90 angle is attached, which the The exercising person 9 grasps with the hand 16 from below. There is also a on load arm 3 At right angles protruding retaining bolt 17 attached, on which a desired number of weight disks 18 can be attached.

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that both the load arm and the force arm are thus designed as a type of crank drives, which via the gear 4 or the gears 12, 13 are connected to one another to transmit force and motion. The load arm 3 can be disengaged laterally in the direction of arrow 19 so that the gear 12 is released from the gear 13. Then with the force arm held down, 2 the position of the load arm 3 relative to the force arm 2 can be changed. When pushing back of the load arm 3 against the direction of the arrow 19 then the gear 12 engages another place, so that the relative angular position of the power arm 2 and Load arm 3 are changed.

Of course, the transmission 4 could also be constructed so that the power arm 2 can be disengaged. Likewise natural craftsmanship Measures are one not shown for the sake of clarity, the power arm and protect the load arm against unintentional disengagement. Another can also Support, not shown, is provided for the force or load arm in the non-actuated state be.

In Fig. 1 is dashed with the reference numeral 20, another latching position indicated.

The illustrated training device 1 has the following function: If the Exercisee 9 the power arm 2 over the role 15 by tightening his arm flexor lifts in the direction of arrow 21, the load arm is due to the gear ratio 3 in the direction of arrow 22 is also raised. Because of the unequal translation however, the load arm 3 is raised less than the force arm 2, d. i.e. if the power arm 2 is vertical, the load arm 3 moves approximately in the dashed line indicated position. The consequence of this is that even with the force arm standing vertically 2 acts on this a reversing force, which, however, is smaller than that in the horizontal position is because the load arm has also moved upwards and thus its effective lever length is reduced with respect to its pivot point. The situation is similar when the Power arm 2 is vertical down; here, too, another acts on the force arm 2 Force against the direction of arrow 21.

The training effectiveness of the training device 1 should be based on the Fig. 3 to 5 are explained.

In Fig. 3 the load profile is shown by a weight, e.g.

a dumbbell, shown when the arm 23 shown there moves so is that the upper arm 24 is left vertical and the forearm 25 of his drawn vertically downward position is bent upwards. In the shown position acts on the arm flexor the load from 0%. In the angular position 26, the load increases to 50% up to the horizontal Position 27, in which because of the forearm lever that is effective over its entire length the load is 100%. If you move on to position 28, it sinks the load falls back to 50 t and amounts to the one pointing vertically upwards Position 0% again. This means that the arm flexor can only be used in a horizontal position of the forearm experiences 100% of the desired training load.

In FIG. 4, in illustration a), the load profile according to FIG. 3 shown again. In Fig. 4 b), however, the force curve in the arm is tractor shown at the crook of an arm. From this it can be seen that the arm flexor is also in the vertical upper and lower position of the forearm 25 is quite capable to muster a force.

This ability is achieved when exercising with a dumbbell not trained. This can be seen from Fig. 4 c), where the load curve comes from Fig. 4 a) and the force curve from Fig. 4 b) drawn projected one above the other are. A dumbbell has a good training effect only in the angle range 29 expected.

In Fig. 4 d) the load curve is shown as it is with the Training device 1 according to the invention can be achieved and via the force curve after Fiy. 4 b) projected. It can be seen that here the force and load curve cover. This leads to an optimal training performance.

The load and force profiles shown in FIG. 4 relate on the crook of the arm with the upper arm held vertically in accordance with FIG. 3 or FIG. 1. By changing the gearbox, however, the load curves are straightforward as shown in FIG. On the one hand, there are load profiles to reach a mus- kel in certain phases of movement save, as is sometimes necessary in rehabilitation. On the other hand are This also makes it easy to tone machines that the trainee uses, for example lies on the back and raises the arms against a desired set load or lowers. The maximum load could then, for example as in Fig. 5 c), can be selected in the vertical position.

In Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a second Embodiment of a training device shown. A is around an axis 30 Load arm 31 rotatable, the load arm 31 being designed as an ellipse.

The rotation could be done so that on a rope 32 along the arrow 33 is pulled down. The rope 32 is at the top around the elliptical Load arm 31 placed and loaded with a weight 34. The drive of the load arm can also take place via a crank mechanism shown in FIG. 7.

When the load arm 31 is rotated about its axis in the direction of arrow 35 is, the load arm reaches, for example, the dashed position 36. As a result In contrast to a normal pulley, the effective lever arm has become smaller, so that there is less load, but this also applies to the vertical position of the load arm 31 does not become 0. This creates a load diagram similar to achieved in Fig. 4 d).

In Fig. 7 is schematic with the omission of devices for supporting the weight in the non-actuated state, a training device 37 is shown, for example is intended for training the muscles when lowering the legs. The trainee would Stand with one leg on the base plate 38 and the other leg from above place the roller 39 and this against the load of the weight 40 downwards in the direction of arrow 41 move.

The training device 37 is constructed in detail so that on the base plate 38 a support frame 42 is attached, on the upper part of which a shaft 43 is mounted is. A power arm 14 is attached to the shaft 43, to which in turn at a 90 ° angle the roller 39 is attached. The shaft 43 is towards the load arm 45 as a toothed shaft 46 formed, which in an internal toothing of the load arm approximately in its one elliptical focal point is plugged in. A chain 47 is located on the upper circumference of the elliptical load arm 45 attached to which the weight 40 hangs.

The elliptical load arm 45 can be withdrawn from the splined shaft 46 and to be indented again at another point of the toothing, so that the angle between force arm 44 and load arm 45 is variable.

When the roller 39 is moved downwards along the arrow 41, it rises the load arm 45 moves along the arrow 48.

As a result, the chain 47 is wound up and the load in the desired Way, as shown in Fig. 6, reduced, but without also in the vertical position of the force arm 44 to go to 0.

It then continues like the device training programs can be compiled and executed.

A so-called exercise block is shown in Table 1.

The individual muscle groups, a total of six, are listed under A. and under B the possible combinations between two muscle groups. As from the Table B shows that there are fifteen possible combinations of two. In the first column in exercise block B, for example, there would be a training program where muscle group 1 (arms) would be preferred and also others Muscle groups corresponding to groups 2 to 6 are added, so that too these muscle groups do not be ignored. According to the exercise block B, column 1, arms and shoulders on the first day corresponding to the first row, on the second day arms and chest, on the third day arms and back etc. are trained.

In the second column in exercise block B there would be a training in which the shoulder muscles are preferably trained according to number 2.

In exercise block C, combinations of three muscle groups are shown. The possible combinations here are 10. In the first column there would be a preferred training of arms and shoulders in connection with the other muscle groups from exercise block A. When dividing into six muscle groups according to exercise block A and the combination options from exercise blocks B and C result in total a total of 31 combinations.

These 31 combinations are in each column of Table 2 as a sum indicated in the bottom line, with A, B and C in the first column the individual Practice blocks mean. In the individual columns 1 to 7 are in the second row the individual equipment aids for training shown: With SY are the inventive Devices referred to; with AG are the so-called "Aufgeräte", such as pulling devices, Printing apparatus, pressing apparatus; with MG the so-called "Mitgeräte" are designated, such as dumbbells, Balls, jump ropes, etc. The devices listed in columns 2 and 3 are already known, but can also be used in the exercise programs. In Columns 4 to 7 are combinations of the individual available device groups shown. In the last column of Table 2 are the individual exercise options according to exercise blocks A to C and the aids available summed up. If you only train according to exercise block A, there would be 42 exercise options result, a total of 217 are available. EXERCISE BLOCK A 1 ARMS 2 SHOULDERS 3 CHEST 4 BACK 5 ABDOMINAL 6 LEGS (= 6) B 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + 5 5 + 6 1 + 3 2 + 4 3 + 5 4 + 6 1 + 4 2 + 5 3 + 6 1 + 5 2 + 6 1 + 6 (= 15) C 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 3 + 4 3 + 3 + 5 4 + 5 + 6 1 + 2 + 4 2 + 3 + 5 3 + 5 + 6 1 + 2 + 5 2 + 3 + 6 1 + 2 + 6 (= 10) TABLE 1 These exercise options or opportunities for influence (31 or 217 in total) are to be multiplied by the individual exercises that are known to be effective for muscle groups 1 to 6 from exercise block A. and are available for training. This makes a total of approx. 5000 tongues that are available for a trainee. This results in a varied workout. These 5000 tongues are in turn corresponding the desired training method (male, female, age, etc.) with different Combine sets, repetitions, loads and intensity.

All of these above conditions and table contents are data processing to be recorded and can be printed out as exercise programs for each trainee after entering your individual data and desired training method will.

An essential factor in the training method is the load according to table 3. In the first column is the number of training units per Week specified. It has been shown that the most effective training is in which four training units (star in table 3) are carried out per week. The training load is chosen according to the training units per week and also from a data processing system when creating the exercise program considered. In table 3, L is an easy training, and an M is a moderate training Training, with MG a medium-sized training and G a large training. Diagram 1 shows the distribution of the load with four training units per week, seen over the week, shown. The first day (right axis) is a middle one Training with medium loads is planned as it is relatively slow at the beginning of the week should be started. The second day (Tuesday) will be a medium-sized workout completed in which the load is increased.

On the third day, which is usually the load of the work week can already be felt through the job becomes a TRAINING SYSTEM (STRESS) TE / WEEK L. M. MG.G.

1st G. 1 2nd MGG 1 1 3 MG MG 1 1 1 4 * M MG LG 1 1 1 1 5 LM MG LG 2 1 1 1 6 LM MG MLG 2 2 1 1 TABLE 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SY AG MG 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 3 A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 42 B 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 105 C 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 70 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 217 TABLE 2 DIAGRAM 1 performed light training. On the fourth day, on the other hand, a large, heavy workout is carried out in anticipation of the recovery phase on the weekend. Such a load diagram during a weekly cycle usually corresponds best to the physiological rhythm of a person exercising.

All of the above details can be data processing to the equipment exercise programs, so that good and effective programs Can be created that can be used inexpensively for a large number of people Can be made available.

In summary, it is stated that with the present invention Exercise equipment and equipment exercises are suggested leading to a qualitative Improvement of the muscles in the exerciser with a low risk of injury. The device exercises can be recorded by data processing systems and can be used as exercise programs to provide.

Claims (5)

Claims 9 training device with a movable power arm for actuation by the trainee, and with a movable load arm for attaching different Weights, characterized in that the force arm (2; 44) and the load arm (3; 45) operationally releasable by means of a connecting element (4; 46) offset from one another Locking positions are interconnected so that the angle between the power arm (2; 44) and load arm (3; 45) is adjustable. 2. Training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the The connecting element is a gear connection, the gear wheels (12, 13) at each end on the power arm (2) and load arm (3) with a transmission ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 are attached, and the gears (12, 13) or power arm (2) and / or load arm (3) are displaceable in the axial direction until the gears (12, 13) for angular adjustment are disengaged. 3. Training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Load arm (31; 45) has the shape of an ellipse and a freely hanging load as a load Weight (34; 40) is used, which is attached to a retaining strap (32; 47) (rope, chain) is, wherein the retaining strap (32; 47) is guided over the circumference of the ellipse and is at the movement of the elliptical load arm (31; 45) down or winds up. 4. Training device according to claim 3, characterized in that the Connection between the power arm (44) and the elliptical load arm (45) via a from the load arm (45) axially outgoing splined shaft (46) is carried out in a corresponding Internal gear rim of the load arm ellipse (45) can be inserted and in a corresponding number the number of teeth can be moved. 5. Training device according to claim 4, characterized in that pivoting or snap-in support or holding devices for locking the load arm (3; 45) and / or the power arm (2; 44) are provided.