DE3321326A1 - Method and device for cleaning and sorting bulk material of all types - Google Patents

Abstract

As a result of the increase in combine harvester performance, and due to unfavourable harvesting conditions, on the one hand, and increasing demands placed on cleaning and sorting in conjunction with maximum, specific throughput, on the other hand, the need has arisen for optimum acceptance performance allied at the same time to an enhancement of the cleaning and sorting effect for heterogeneous grains, which are difficult to classify. This requirement can be met only by the final development of the flow separators and the know how of decades relating to this subject. These prior methods and devices (which stem principally from the applicant) have been brought to a stage of final fruition by him in the last 20 years by approx. 9000 experiments - 15 different books. Because of the complexity of the subject matter of the invention, all that is to be referred to here is the sketch of the principle (sheet 3), from which basic innovations can be seen. Thus, e.g., the bulk material is fed transversely through wheels or a screw (at right angles to the plane on the drawing), the bases of which are constructed as self-cleaning grids, for the purpose of distributing the material and, at the same time, as a clod screen. Located directed thereunder is a dispersing device which simultaneously produces the important slight counterflow to the airflow. The flow of material now enters the parabolic separating zone with a two-dimensional application of air, the upper baffle (8) forming a 2-in-2 duct system, for removing its contents, which are removed separately as useful and useless fractions via a horizontal double fan. As a result of the free fall section (H), there is an additional potential separating factor (vertical separator effect) and a thorough dispersion of the material flow, so that favourable scraping of the boundary layer quantity is achieved. Mention may be made as a further important innovation of the self regulation, which depends on hl-weights, of the removal of the boundary quantity, and the relieving of the silo manager by virtue of monitoring and the possibility of correction by means of digital transmission of scale readings, or a monitor in the office.

Description

description

The invention relates to a method for separating bulk materials of all kinds, from the heaviest particle weight to dust by means of an oblique to cross-flow medium, whereby the batch fed in is preferably sorted into 5 fractions and one fraction thereof as a boundary batch or return material is withdrawn, which is treated again separately by means of an air stream or sieves. By far the most difficult Classification from whole grain to zero present bulk goods that are made from a mixture of live arable crops or particles exist, which are differentiated not only in terms of size and weight, but also in principle various specific unit weights, moisture content, foreign seeds, husks, shells, pieces of straw and above all different surface properties or structural non-uniformities seen from the flow resistance point of view Have designs. Just think of the extraordinarily unequal flow resistances between a wheat and an oat grain, especially wild oats with its ideal aerodynamic flow body shape. This should be possible 100% precipitated because they are unsuitable for flour production. There are others for this Reading devices (Trieure), however, they have a very low specific power and it is therefore an economical one Requirement to probe out at least the majority of the foreign matter contamination as such by means of flow sorting. For these reasons, the new sorting process must, so to speak, be based on living grain mixtures, i.e. on the difficult-to-treat grains should be matched and not to simpler dead mixtures, such as these e.g. coal or Represent plastic granulate, cement, molding sand, phosphates, etc.

The invention also relates to a device for classifying bulk goods of all kinds by means of a Air flow sorting device consisting of a closed housing with a downward sloping housing as seen from the inlet Profile grate to which the flow of material is fed essentially horizontally. Flows through this profile grate

the sorting takes place at an angle in the direction of the flow of the goods, whereby, in addition to the sorting effect, a floating further transport is achieved at the same time. In some known designs, the air flow is selected to be of different strength, so that in one case the heavy grain is able to penetrate through the profile rods, otherwise it is lifted over the profile rods to peel off the first and second fractions. In both practical cases, however, a full separation of weak and strong grains or a usable and unusable plaster is excluded and a final post-treatment must be carried out using underlying sieve sets or again with air.
Another part of the tile should be shown that the so-called plaster caused by the air flow cannot be separated into usable heavy grains and non-usable light parts such as husks, straw, shells, and dust. Another serious disadvantage with the flow aspirators known today in the grain sector is the lack of dispersion of the material flow at the inlet. As a result of the tightly packed inlet layer, which is difficult to penetrate by the air stream - 'carpet resistance' - there is a kind of violent rapid loosening and thus a deterioration of the sorting effect. In addition, there is an undesirable impact on the particles against one another, which does not allow an impact-free, gentle jet crushing or deflection of light parts.

A major disadvantage of the previous flow aspirators there is also the large harmful space above the profile bar grating, in which there are free secondary vortices and create a kind of mixture of usable and non-usable plaster. Through this wild manipulation For example, the self-regulating container for the overflow material becomes the forbearance according to Pat. 2650617 partly over, sometimes under-stressed and does not improve the quality of the border mixture, i.e. which has not been treated properly could be reassigned to the main faction.

Another disadvantage of the previous flow aspirators results from the high level of harmful space in so far as

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the Gutstromaufgäbe too far down on the almost horizontally lying Rust takes place and thereby only a kind of distortion or transport of the flow of material is achieved, but not over a wide area Fan-out and therefore no free-fall readout component of the individual particles can be used. The flow of material would be further up with a certain potential free fall distance occur, then the specific weight of a particle mass would also be used as a weight reading factor be included in the sorting effect.

The must also be described as unfavorable. for the air flow difficult to penetrate, tightly mounted inlet material flow. Furthermore, depending on the type of grain, a Primarily favorable flow readout type partly secondary again worsened by spray grains, which are stopped by the impact on the sons of the peelings, uni by the ascending one Air flow can get into the next fraction or even as far as the unusable plaster.

Methods and devices of the above type are from the patent DE 2650617 C2 and from the patent Mr. 265061? known. These known devices have as a basic element a slightly downwardly directed profile bar rake, which is surrounded by a housing, the Sorted material slides roughly horizontally through a correspondingly strong air flow, partly over it and partly behind it Grate, the heavier grains fall through the profile bar rake; however, the lighter stock portion has been removed and is discharged through separation devices. The lighter one that does not fall through the grate is useful Grain content always contains a significant proportion of peckish grains, eaten by the grain beetle and deaf, which still have a special sorting and cleaning need. This aftertreatment of the so-called over-floating boundary layer is now carried out either via an additional one Elevator sifter or a sieve device with a shaker device or circular motion. Even with these manipulations, there is a satisfactory separation, in particular with the large specific throughput quantities required today due to the still more powerful, larger combine harvester use, not possible.

Other "known cleaning and sorting devices, such as patents 2929444-, 2929142, B 07 B 4/02 or 2737103'-embody, are for the doubly complicated grain cleaning and sorting - especially because of the high demands, for example with brewing barley, peas , Coffee beans, etc. - unsuitable.These concepts probably feature the new air circulation system, otherwise they are based on the previously well-known air sifting principle in terms of flow technology.

According to the current state of the linear flow sorting devices, which consistently work with a one-dimensional air attack on the sorting stream, neither can the solve the problems raised, e.g. a fully automatic operation of the grain collection points an increased specific throughput and a higher cleaning and sorting effect.

The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating the above errors, while at the same time achieving a Deduction up to 5 fractions without sieves, without increasing the dimensions and up to the automatic St. weight-dependent air regulation or limit mixture accumulation and thus a constant limit mixture deduction that can be monitored and corrected by means of a test tube or return. At the same time, the aim is to reduce energy consumption by applying air flow of the incoming dispersed material flow in a slight countercurrent (approx. 30 °) as well as a resultant Increase in the cleaning and sorting effect.

These basic objects are achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The device-dependent tasks are in a generic Means by characterizing the invention Features of claim 8 solved.

To further solve the above complex problems, it should be mentioned that in addition to the automatically regulated operational sequence an improved sorting effect is also created as well

the possibility of a separate deduction of a usable and non-usable plaster fraction. Furthermore, the elimination is achieved of the harmful space by arranging an intermediate profile, which creates an eddy-free two-channel system. This double channel formation is continued up to double suction horizontally or vertically arranged fans, whereby the separate deduction of light parts such as husks, straw, grasses, shells, etc. is made possible, as well as from the heavier, grainy stock content (broken grains, pitted seeds, oats, etc.). The hosting of these two Fractions are generated by centrifugal force using the double-sided suction fans designed as separators. The quantity control and the quality of the plastering is done automatically by a weight-dependent catchweigher, which is based on the principle of the impact or deflection force of a constant minimum amount of plastering and by means of a handhole connector can be checked from the ramp floor and corrected by push-button control.

To carry out the method, a device is used in which the material flow is initially transverse enters to the sorting housing, namely - above or below the air circulation channel by means of a trough chain conveyor or one Screw, the bottoms of which are slit-shaped as a scroll sieve and the circulating air duct has openings that are favorable to the flow for the flow of material which, at the same time as Rectifier racks can be designed as well as control elements through adjustable tongues for the sorting air flow are trained. The sorting air control elements can preferably separately, i.e. in front of or behind the cross conveyor elements to be ordered. This is followed by a multilayer dispersion device, which in turn combines is with crop flow control tongues with simultaneous directional control for the slight countercurrent flow through the sorting air flow, due to the initially horizontal flow profiles is performed, which then preferably merge parabolic into a vertical position and a deflection of approx. 90 of the material flow. At the end of this parabolic Profile grating, the skimmings are arranged for any number of fractions. The upper limit of the sorting room

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Device "forms the arrangement of a larger flow profile, which creates two channels, each of which opens into a centrifugal fan, around its spiral housing about 1/2 of the circumference can be continued, up to one adjustable outlet flap for the purpose of segregating the light-weight trimmings and dust in a subsequent large filter bag or cyclone.

Instead of the parabolic transverse profiles, for example Curved and high-web longitudinal profiles formed from plastic can also be arranged, which facilitate the flow of material divert as well as the cross profiles and the exit can also optionally take place, either in silos or for the purpose Calibrating the grains and sending them on sieves that swing in a low substructure, with adjustable lift-slide devices are stored and are preferably cleaned by means of a rotating chain brush operation.

The return goods are removed from the sorting room via a screw, then pass through a hl-weight-dependent catchweigher, which regulates the circulating air flow and arrives via a pipe with a sensing socket at hand height is arranged, to the ramp floor or acceptance elevator.

For the purpose of achieving the largest possible duct cross-sections, without increasing the structural dimensions, one (or more in the case of large machine units) is preferably double-suction Fan used with a horizontal installation. This innovation results in favorable flow conditions Circulating air ducts and a particularly low machine design. Vertical centrifugal fans can also be arranged, with an external rotor motor at one Drawer-like installation. For this purpose, a motor type is used, the housing of which revolves and the armature is clamped. The impeller blades are attached centrally to the motor housing flange and the entire fan Mounted on a kind of slide and printed onto the sealing surfaces or flanges by means of clamps.

In the practical operation of flow cleaners it has been shown that in the plaster or separator there is often a considerable

borrowed amount of whole "healthy grains" when starting up and turn off into the separator. In uninterrupted operation one can nevertheless make the determination that there are always individual whole grains in the plaster »These Phenomena have two reasons and are remedied according to the invention and explained below.

In the first case, the cause lies in the relatively high circulating air or sorting air speed at the beginning of the thin material flow or when parking, whereby the flow of crop is also thinner. As a result of this ever thinner flow of material the air resistance is lower to the same extent, but the speed is higher, which leads to the transport of the Grains come, i.e. they get into the cleaning zone. If you were to throttle the air flow accordingly, it would happen again for transport to the clearing zone because of the grains hitting the cross profiles, which reduces their speed ITuIl will and therefore be easily pulled up. This fact is now remedied according to the invention in that instead of the cross-section grating, high, kidney-like longitudinal profiles come into use, through which additional conical channels are created and a differentiated sorting effect is achieved. The upper edge of the profiles must reach up to the dispersing device, i.e. up to the scroll rake for the purpose automatic cleaning of straw, grass, etc.

The cause in the second case is the operational spray grains is stored much differently. These are grains that are at normal air flow speed hit the cutting edge of the peeling tongue from the 2nd or 3 · fraction or the boundary mixture during the sorting path and are stopped by the impact and carried up by the stream of sorting lust. This fact becomes according to the invention remedied by the fact that, on the one hand, the over-skiving interlocked are preferably with a flank angle of about 60 and a base radius of about 1/2 of a wheat grain diameter matters. On the other hand, the movable peeling tongue is set back by approx. 5 - 7 cm, creating a random overspray is completely prevented.

To avoid running-in difficulties with over-moist stored grain of approx. 30% can be remedied, as well as in the case of outgrowth and poor

ter combine cleaning, which makes it the usual weight-bearing Inlet flap η comes to blockages, are motorized driven discharge devices or vibrators applied. However, the cause of constipation lies in the conservative design of the inlet flap in the relatively sharp edge created by the fold. This is where straw, grass and parts of the ears attach themselves, causing the spout either begins to oscillate or to a complete stop. This disadvantage is now resolved by the application two large radii according to the invention, namely on the control flap and on the rear wall.

In the case of transverse conveyance of the items to be sorted and motorized control of the distribution of the feed items via a sensor flap It is important that the control flap also has a large radius of curvature, is easily adjustable and as possible has a high reduction ratio to avoid swinging. It is for this reason that the control system according to the invention is such designed that a short eccentric lever is used in addition to a gear motor with toothed segment, the end of which is provided with a ball bearing, which rolls smoothly on the flap or takes over the control.

For the purpose of a precise sorting air regulation (this was done previously by throttle valve) the previous fixed rectifier rake is designed according to the invention as a double rake, i.e. the gaps of the fixed small stowage are covered by a movable counter rake with a pyramid shape arranged rods, which are each connected to a turnbuckle and precisely regulated all corners and any skewing or wandering streams can be corrected.

• The advantages that can be achieved due to the invention are for example in the large-scale fanning out of the crop flow, which is caused by the parabolic profile body arrangement a two-dimensional air attack is made possible and thus any number of fractions from stone loss to the lightest parts can be pulled off. Further

an automatic operational sequence is made possible by a flow scale dependent on the volume weight of the boundary mixture with impulses for regulating the sorting air flow. Furthermore, an intensive cleaning effect is achieved through:

1.) the dispersion of the inlet material flow; 2.) the slightly countercurrent air flow impingement of the material flow and thus reaching a large particle deflection angle;
3 ') an additional potential free-fall section χ with active vertical sifter component

4-.) A secondary vortex-free withdrawal of light goods over A flow profile body which divides the previous harmful space into a two-channel system. The low overall height and the fact that it can be used as an independent unit is also to be seen as a significant advantage Flow upper part or in connection with a sieve base frame. This can also be mounted together with the upper flow part or placed independently and generally 2 sieves are sufficient.

Another step forward is the separation of the plaster into one, achieved by a two-channel system usable and a non-usable fraction, as well as the application of inevitably through the conveying elements cleaning bar rake on the floor, which removes the rolls and eliminates the need for special roll sieves.

An embodiment of the invention is in the drawings and is described in more detail below.

Show it

Fig. 1 an uncomplicated, schematic, clear classification of materially uniform dead bulk material.

Fig. 2 a complicated, schematic, clear sorting and the quality according to an inconsistent bzu. h terogenic organic harvested grain.

Fig. 3 zerbesung bzu. Fanning out a flow of grain, with the emerging borderline history x.

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the flow cleaner principle According to the state of the art.

Fig. 5 Schematic representation of the flow cleaner principle according to the method and device according to the invention. 6 shows the entire scheme of a flow aspirator according to the State of the art.

Fig. 7 entire scheme of a flow aspirator according to the method according to the invention and its device.

Fig. 8 a schematic embodiment of a flow aspirator upper part.

9 shows a schematic embodiment of a sieve base suitable for the flow top.

Fig. 10 shows a larger, adjustable rifle Shoe screen roller block and chain with double brushes. 11 shows a double brush sieve cleaning device with intermittent Chain drive.

Fig. 12 a roll dust grate for the trough chain od. Screw feed.

13 a height-dependent weighing device for automatic Sorting air flow control.

Fig. 14 an inlet device for the hl Control unit.

15 shows a longitudinal section and a top view of the material flow channels, which penetrate the circulating air duct, at the same time serve as rectifiers, souie for regulating the sorting flow.

16 shows a dispersion device with sheet metal fingers.

17 shows a dispersion device with controllable congestion overflow.

Fig.itf a dispersion device with Ualze and serrated Sheet metal shovels

Fig. 19 the top view of the horizontal fan with an additional Separator arch (see Fig. 8).

Fig. 20 shows a cross section with an arrangement of two standing and double-sided suction fans with external rotor motors.

Fig. 21 shows a side view of extendable fans (Drawer assembly) in direction a ~ b.

Fig. 1 and 2 each mean a yindsichtausschnitt υοη 2 types of bulk goods, on the one hand in their structure as well as the raw material and on the other hand in terms of quality requirements have conceivably large differences and therefore separation difficulties, in particular with respect to a possible large specific throughput. For a better understanding of the above facts, use the terms classifying or sorting from a dead,! broken or. ground bulk material, E.g. made of uniform coal, cement, plastic, which differ only in their particle size and shape compared to a living Differentiate bulk material mixes, are the requirements or the technology for the to be overcome Difficulties that a new conception according to the invention requires are briefly shown here.

In order to achieve the finest possible classification of bulk materials of the structure according to FIG flow characteristics in the device that are as laminar as possible,

2f as well as a possible turbulence-free picking up of the desired grain size, i.e. from large to dust. Basically the same prerequisites are for a bulk material mix required according to Fig.2, but not the size scale runs conically from large to zero, but parallel and to the

JO finished. These classifying and sorting characteristics is in reality by no means comprehensible, because this would mean that the sorting device is intelligent would have to and a gap would arise from large grain and small grain or seeds, which would probably provide a very good separation Size and quality would allow. In view of the fact that no sorter has brains, must just all feasible devices are attracted to the

Additional sheet for sheet - 11 -

22 shows a longitudinal profile grating arrangement with parabolic Flow profiles in side view and cross-section. 23 shows the peeling tongue from the boundary mixture in cross section and top view - with setback - and a tooth shape 1; 1 and an impact grain on profile 2.

Pig. 24- an inlet control flap in the old and new design in cross section.

Pig. 25 a circulating air control device in the form of a double rake, which at the same time as a damming device for flow straightening serves.

Ideally, to get as close as possible. If one considers alone that the grain mixture composition of combine harvesting, which is eft very fluctuating in the course of a harvesting day, e.g. a stocking share of 5, 10 or even 20 % and more (outgrowth), can have, even there (3 the harvesting machine performance always The capacity of the silo acceptance points must increase accordingly, which is a bottleneck today, especially because there are often space difficulties for additional units.

The increase in performance that is feasible in terms of the method now lies initially in the possible turbulence-free fanning or fanning of the material flow 1, as can be seen from FIG. It is of importance here is that an equally large and thus less sensitive border batch layer ¹ K is made possible in addition to the main purpose of a long-range Zerbesung and deduction. The prior art in terms of the method is shown in FIG. The crop flow can only be fanned out slightly over the profile grate 2 because secondary eddies develop in the large upper dead space 3 or, due to the turbulence, too many good grains reach the boundary mix behind the tongue 4, as well as the impact on the cutting edge 5 to the plaster III + Whirl up the IU.

In contrast to FIG. 4, FIG. 5 shows schematically the according to the invention Method and that here the profile grating arrangement preferably takes place in parabolic form 5-7, whereby a Freefall distance H results through which e.g. the falling Korm 8 in addition to the Uind component U and its mass weight G undergoes a kind of vertical sifter effect and the resulting R causes a long deflection path in the laminar air flow.

In this sorting space, which is favorable in terms of flow, a guide profile B is also used, which eliminates the dead space and the usable and non-usable plaster is routed separately to the fans. In addition, the flow limitation of the sorting space with the nose-shaped profile body 9 forms a guide path X which

prevents the sawtooth-like (trained

dete and adjustable cutting edge 4 * but still any hosing

Grains not in the III. Fraction or plaster arrive can.

In order to increase the sorting effect at high throughput, a dispersion device 11 is provided in terms of the method, which is described in more detail in the device section.

6 shows the schematic overview of the previous state of the technology of an entire flow aspirator. Here the boundary mix including the largest, heavier stock is closed via a rocker arm: 12 a separate ascending sifter 13 for post-cleaning and then either to the return or to the sieve box 14. The numerous large-area sieves 15 and 16 with a row Switching options outweigh the loss of quality improvement due to a streamlined, intensive air sorting roughly up again.

The heavier, still usable plaster is precipitated in the separator space and diverted via the screw 18. The light parts and dust get into the fan 19 "are discharged via the tongue / 19" and pressed into a filter by the fan 20. The clean air is in turn fed to the profile grate.

FIG. 7 shows the schematic method according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 5, but expanded with one Sensing nozzle 21 on the return pipe 22 to the elevator 23 or optionally to an additional marginal mixture post-cleaner Of particular importance for the operational process is the ability to easily control the tightness and quality of the Grenzgömenges. The easily accessible sensing socket must be on the Ramp bottom are attached and immediately next to it the push buttons 25 for more or less return goods, namely by regulating the amount of sorting air. This is also required with the automatic regulating device (see later); because a brand change, different stocking percentage, so-

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like customer requests for returns always require controls.

The principle diagram also shows a pivotable variety tongue 26, about 2/3 deducted as the best variety via uelche can be that of a seventh size calibration not need. 2 sieves are sufficient for the sieve treatment of about 1/3 of the estate, as the stones are larger than the grain size already fail etua in the middle of the curve at 27 ,, as well as the rolls are discharged via the trough chain or screw base designed as grate 2B by means of the conveyor webs 29 will. The grate 28 is followed by the dispersing device, its drainage path about 30 degrees against the sorting air flow is directed and thus the air attack takes place in a slight countercurrent, which in addition to energy savings an improvement in the sorting effect through a longer dwell time the particle is reached in the air stream. The 2dimensio- nal air attack, i.e. a horizontal and vertical component, as well as deflection of the flow of material by approx. 9o degrees while maintaining largely laminar flow conditions through the guide profile 8. The continuation of this profile as Floor 31 up to the horizontally arranged fan 32 enables the separate Discharge of the non-usable lightweight parts, whereby a separator space 17 Fig. 6 is omitted. The heavier usable one Experience shows that plastering is carried out over the second half of 33 of the double suction fan removed and as IV. variety

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introduced into a tall filter bag Fig. 21. The speed of the centrifugal separator air flow proportion is like this

etc * th

high that a safe discharge ^ without suction fan from equip.

In Figures 8 and 9 is an embodiment of the device for the implementation of the above procedural points. The longitudinal section according to Figure 8 has the Uesensmerkmale of the already in Figure 7 exhaustively presented schematic principles and only needs the addition that the feeder conveyor element 34 as such also via the circulating air duct 35 Scroll rake 28 can be arranged and one on it

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subsequent Gutstrom-Regulierapparat 36, which at the same time designed as a dispersion device (see Figs. 16-18) Is a version with underlying conveyor elements selected, an air rectifier rake 37 is known Kind required. The stones fall through the pivotable flap 38 and the boundary mixture is created by the screw 39 carried out.

This aspirator flow upper part can now be used both as Independent unit can be used, as well as with a Siebuerks lower part, e.g. according to Fig. 9 in the form of a compact aspirator be combined. In this lower part frame 4o 2 sieves 41 and 42 are provided with a free » Schwiweerantrieb 43 (known type) and one according to the invention Double brush sieve cleaning with chain drive. The sieve box 44 is in an enlarged form according to Fig.io on trestles stored, the stroke height can be adjusted via bolts 46 in order to achieve an optimum in line with the cantilever drive To achieve screening and conveying capacity at the same time. The rollers 47, which are preferably made of plastic and shown in the brackets 48 are mounted, replace the conventional 'wooden spring suspension, which often has a too short service life Has. The screw 5o, which can be moved in the slot 51 after loosening, is used to fix the roller conveyor 49.

The 3-brush chain drive on an enlarged scale according to FIG. 11 in side view and cross-section illustrates the double brush 52 ·, which is designed as a chain link and in the chain is inserted, as well as via the sprocket 54 on the Uelle 55 sitting, driven and driven. The chain guide is removed from the rollers 56 taken over or. It can also be designed as a neylon slideway be.

In Fig.12 is an embodiment of the scroll rake shown, which is used in place of the trough chain or screw base and e.g. made of bent sheet metal strips od. A Schuertstabprofil 58 can be made. The intense Cleaning is done by the Förderslemönts grazing over it 59 (or snail creatures).

• 35 '

In Fig. 13 an HL-weight-dependent scale is shown, which is necessary to achieve an automatic operating sequence by regulating the sorting air flow without influencing the amount of stock and without influencing the amount of material poured or the throughput of the Adoption facility. This requirement can now be met by the hl weight-dependent control scales, consisting of the balance beam 6o, which sits on the cutting edge 61, at one end of which there is a displaceable balance weight 62 and at the other end a flow-through housing 63 with one or more conical rings 64. In the flow-through housing there are, by means of 2 HALTERUMGEN 65 and 66 attached one or more mushrooms 67, which are connected to the rod 68 with a force fit. Of the subsequent discharge funnel 69 must be so large in size be designed that for the vertical movement of the flow housing plenty of play remains. The same applies to the inlet pipe 7o. For the purpose of an automatic regulation, as well For the electrical remote control there is a geared motor 71 with a swivel weight 72 on the lever 73, which sits on Uelle 74 by means of flange ring 75 and screws 76 on balance beam 6o centrically to cutting point 61, namely with spacer sleeves 77

fjO attached. To make contact for the gear motor ^ of the sorting air flow control device V ^. 9em. 15, two microswitches 78 and 79 are provided, on the anchoring of which stroke limiting screws 8o and 81 are arranged, a flexible line S3 leading from the switch box 82 to the geared motor 71.

For a function of the HL weight-dependent balance or the automatic airflow control jist It is necessary that only a small part of the boundary mixture to the Uaage is derived. This requirement will now made possible, for example, by a small pipe connection 84 at the outlet 85 of the screw discharge according to FIG. For the purpose 2 baffles are required to record the entire minimum quantity despite a relatively small pipe diameter of approx. 50 mm 86 and 87 attached to the large drain, which are wedge-shaped in order to avoid a jam due to light parts, as well as a low height in order to increase the flow rate for larger ones Not to disturb plenum.

The work process now takes place as follows. It should be pointed out that the determination of the Hl-weight is not based on the usual spatial principle, but rather on the principle of mass pressure and force. Impact due to the deflection of the beam. According to a minimum limit quantity that is always present in every sorting material, it must enter the connecting pipe 84 via the adjustable metering slide 88 and pass through the pipe end 7o (FIG. 13) into the Uaage flow-through housing bzu. s.tb'bt on the mushroom 67, is deflected by the funnel 64, to the next mushroom and so on, 3e more mushrooms are acted upon, the greater the actuating force available bzu. the smaller the throughput can be. The adjustment of the device is carried out in such a way that the weight 62 is pushed to the right until the contact 79 is closed and the free cross-section of the slide 88 runs full during operation (it must always overrun a bit). If the sorting air flow is now too large, for example for another acceptance item, then not only does the quantity increase, but also the quality. the HI-Geuicht and the balance beam 60 are pressed down and thus the Zuontakt 78 closed. The sorting air flow is thus throttled through the regulating device 89 shown for example in FIG. The regulating device as such is combined in the illustrated principle with the crop flow passage pockets 93, which _{penetrate the air duct 3 f} 5 FIG. 8. These vertical through-flow channels as such, ie without a control device, replace the otherwise necessary stowage bzu. 'Rectify' to prevent different air velocities in certain places.

The formation als.Verstellglieder takes place in such a way that ■ the pockets 93 made of sheet steel are only attached to their dog 94 and are articulated to the pull and push rod 92 via flat iron 95 on axes with levers 97, the rod 92 is pulled to the right, then the open position shown on the left changes, by turning the Flachßisßn 95 counterclockwise and the passage cross-section of the air is reduced according to the pair shown on the right with the elastic pocket cords ^; 39o

Oie Figures 1G, 17 and 1 ti , riding.) Ϋ́ η ainiyo execution options

BAD ORiQINAL

of dispensing devices at the inlet to the sorting room. In order to achieve an optimal sorting effect, the flow of goods may not be penetrable by the air flow like some kind Carpet, but it must be distributed (dispergiejjt), in order to also avoid a geuisse transport effect. For this purpose, according to Fig. 16, the inlet is already through the Rittelwand 98 divided into 2 strands 99 and 100, uo the both control flaps 1o1 and 1o2 are located. This is followed by 2 sheets 1o3 and 1o4, on uelche tongues of the most varied Type as indicated after 1o5, 1o6 or 1o7, punctured, bent like a rake, and at the ends in one direction of about 3o degrees ueisen. Through this broom-like tongue - A wire brush version would also be suitable is gently penetrable, which immediately initiates the sorting process. The embodiment type Fig.17 allows an angle adjustment to by means of pins 1o9 or "" e.g. punched on sheet metal teeth welded onto the rotatable axis 1o8.

An inevitable material flow discharge with simultaneous dispersion is evident from Fig. 18. On the axis 11o there are toothed metal sheets 111 of different widths, similar to cellular wheels welded on, e.g. according to sample 1o5 to 1o7, whereby a kind of crop flow curtain forms as a result of rotation, which is loosened and air-permeable.

FIG. 19 shows a plan view of the double-suction fan 32, which is arranged horizontally, from which the centrifugal separator part 113 with the adjustable discharge tongue Ή4, which is extended, for example, by a semicircle from flange 112, can be seen. The second uentilator part 33j with separate discharge pipes for the coarser plaster IU and the finer V is located below the plane of the drawing.

Instead of a horizontal suction fan 2 smaller ones 116 and 117 can also be used as shown in FIGS standing arrangement, which has the advantage of a

BATH ORIGINAL

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symmetrical suction and discharge results, as well as at the same time a drawer-shaped installation using internal rotor rotors 118 and 119 made possible with fixed Uellen 12o and 121.

In Fig.21 the side view of the fan is in section a - b of Fig.2o shown. It can be seen from this that the fan is seated on a slide-like bracket 12flw and this in turn on a slide 122, whereby the fan 116 can be pulled out like a drawer. For the purpose the bracket and tightness are provided pressure screws 123 and 124, which sit on pivoting brackets 125 and 126, whereby the channel sealing surfaces 127 are pressed together with the elastic seal 12-Θ.

The economy should be of advantage instead an expensive filter system (with its own fan) each use an oversized filter hose 129, which Reaches into the attic and cleans itself through its own flow of currents or material movements. For this purpose, the plaster is passed from the peeling tongue into the inlet connection 13o of the collecting funnel 131, to which the filter hose 132 connects and is supported by the ceiling or roof structure 133.

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The figure 22 means a redesign of the transverse profile grate into a longitudinal profile grating with parabolic, high ones and conical profiles 134. They can, for example, be made of plastic in a hollow shape or from curved tubes 135 with spotted high intermediate surfaces. . In addition to the differentiated air speed between approx. 9 m / sec. and 4m / sec. an increased sorting effect and the Excluding the possibility of impact for the grains when starting and stopping or when a thin crop flow jet occurs. 10 "*" A somewhat vertical application of the air flow to the unguided flow of sorting goods (energy saving) is achieved by the guide plate arrangement 137-139, as well as by the adjustable one Tongue 140.

Scha From Figure 23 it can be seen that the Ab »-fc> egg * tongue 10 is set back in relation to 9 and the spray grain 141 or 142, which hits the transverse profile 2, 6, 7, cannot get into the plastering zone. For the purpose of avoiding a right-angled impact of the grains and the risk of jumping over, the parking tongue 10 is toothed according to the view a -

FIG. 24 illustrates the previous shape of the inlet with the edge 143 on the control flap 144 Combine harvesting grains put on straw, grass, etc. and the flow is brought to a stop. To avoid this possibility of interference Up until now, expensive fibrators or mechanically driven discharge devices were used safe natural ~ * e = ¥ run now guarantees the inventive Design of the control flap 14p and the rear wall 146 with a large radius 147 and 148 and of the control flap 149. Um To achieve a sway-free, low-friction control, a geared motor 150 and a toothed segment 151 are used, with one on shaft 152 and eccentric arm for the flap actuation 153 located, dustproof ball bearing 154 attached is.

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COPY

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FIG. 25 shows a large-area rectifier damper 155 (the rake is required to straighten the flow) and the movable computation part 156 can be seen. The control stroke is actuated by a pyramid-shaped rod arrangement 157 with the turnbuckles 158. With this distance adjustment option, any inequality of the air flow or any streak formation to be compensated. The control stroke is actuated via the tab 159 and lever 160.

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Claims (25)

Patent claims: 1. Procedure for classifying and sorting bulk materials of all types, especially grain, through a linear air separation, whereby the feed quantity is sorted into a good fraction and into a sole marriage, in which there are still weak grains and unusable seeds, causing a subsequent separation What is required is, in addition to an additional ascending sifter, mostly with large sieve sets is accomplished, characterized in that between an above or below the circulating air duct lying transverse conveyor element or the subsequent dispersion device, as well as the material flow outlet zone a potential free fall section χ is used, through which a two-dimensional Air attack occurs, the sorting effect improves as a result of the vertical sifter effect, as well a preferably parabolic material flow deflection is made possible, the dwell time the particles in the air flow are lengthened and at the same time an extensive fanning out or fanning out of the jet is achieved, whereby a tapping of several fractions is made possible, in particular a less sensitive part of the border community history, the quality of which is controlled remotely by hand control is corrected, as well as is combined with an automatically working HL-weight-dependent Balance, whereby an automatic regulation for the limit mixture deduction is given depending on the preselection ■ is. Copy 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorting space Y despite its potential free-fall section χ is significantly lower, ie, is designed fluidically more favorable by dividing the air flow outlet side into a two-channel system, whereby any harmful space (3) in which secondary vortices could form, It is avoided in favor of flow conditions that are as laminar as possible. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that each channel is routed separately, • i.e., via fans (32,33), separators (113) up to Filter (-432), making a perfect division of light trimmings that cannot be used and a heavy trimmings that can still be used, such as broken grains, Seeds or the like, without a separator space (17) and discharge device (18), is made possible. 4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that an automatic, unattended Acceptance operation is made possible by an automatic sorting air flow control using a weight dependent flow scales (60), which by drawing off a minimum limit mixture proportion and by using its deflecting or impact force, the sorting air flow is regulated. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount and quality of the return flow or boundary mix can be checked by hand through a sensing socket on the ramp floor, and the automatic is corrected by remote control, or the Can be adapted to customer requirements, at the same time the quality of the entire exiting stream of material improved in this way It was found that two grain sieves are sufficient for a sieve treatment (or one grain sieve and a sand sieve). 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of a sieve-like roll removal that was previously on "■" The air sorting ends, before the goods to be sorted are entered by means of a fixed grate under the conveyor element floors, with simultaneous, compulsory grate cleaning by the conveyor elements sweeping over them2 ^t ? 7. The method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the peeling tongue (10) for about 5 - 7 % limit mixture compared to the fixed or adjustable channel limitation (9) On the one hand, it is set back in order to produce good spray grains hit the cutting edge, to block the way to the cleaning channel, on the other hand is toothed (10 Figure 23) to provide a spray option to be switched off by impact. 8. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 with a linear working Windsichtvorrichtunn, in which Housing a downward sloping one through which the sorting air flow flows There is rust, through which the best fraction sometimes falls through and then a second, Copy which still have a proportion of grains of inferior quality which is then cleaned and sorted in sets of sieves, as well as a third fraction with predominantly weak grains and a lot of trimmings, which are cleaned in a vertical sifter is, whereby this arrives beforehand in a collecting funnel in which there is a level sensor and regulates the circulation of the amount of air, characterized in that the grate profiles in the sorting housing (2,6,7) are preferably arranged in a parabolic manner, over which the flow of material is pulsating or is guided in a floating manner and at the end a relatively narrowly defined mixture history by a toothed one and recessed, pivoting flap (10) is tapped and instead of the high upper secondary vortex space (χ) an intermediate flow profile (8) is provided, which allows the separate deduction of usable through a double channel formation and non-usable plastering over double or single absorbent, lying or vertically arranged fans (32,33) is made possible. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the material flow feed transversely to the sorting housing takes place, e.g. by means of trough chain conveyors arranged above or below the circulating air duct (35) or snails, .which. make. a modular Any number of units can be lined up. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bottom of the conveyor elements 3321328 is designed on the width of the sorting housing as a scroll grate (28) using sword-profile bars (57) or folded sheet metal strips (58), which are cleaned by the conveying elements (59) sweeping over them and the scrolls are lifted at the end of the trough (Fig. 15) namely slide over a grate 59 _cl , which means that any grains that have been carried along get back into the sorting room. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that below the scroll grate (28) a distribution damming device (101, 109) is provided, the damming height at the end of the trough is regulated by a jam sensor flap (57 a). 12. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 11 thereby characterized in that a dispersion device is connected directly below the damming distribution with sheet metal or wire fingers (103, 109), which can be toothed in various ways (105, 106, 107) and at the same time in a desired countercurrent inlet direction are bent by approx. 30 °. 13. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 12 thereby characterized in that the dispersing device at the same time combined as an inevitable discharge can be through a kind of cellular wheel (110) with different angular positions as well long and short blades (111), which creates an air-permeable Crop flow curtain results. - οι 14. Device according to claim 9 or one of the claims characterized in that with a transverse conveyor element located above the circulating air duct (35) or funnel inlet the circulating air duct is provided with penetration pockets (93) for the Feed material, which at the same time serve as an air flow control device (92), through the lever arrangements pass-through pocket sides (89) with variable cross-section. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the air flow control device of any type by a hl-weight-dependent weighing device is controlled automatically and corrected at the same time by means of push buttons (25) can. 16. The device according to claim 15 characterized by • shows that the hi-weight catchweigher (60) due to the impact or deflection pressure of a minimum amount deflected by means of an adjustable metering slide (88) works, whereby the strength of the working pressure can be increased arbitrarily by cascading Adding several push buttons (67) and deflection funnel (64) or by increasing it the vertical inlet pipe length. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that that the hl weight weighing device consists of a passage part hanging from a balance beam (60), with a counterweight (62), wherein a servomotor centric to the pan cutting bearing (61) (71) with swiveling lever weight (72) - or by means of a rack or lever displaceable balance beam weight, not shown - flanged (75) is. 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the control for the ümluft control motor (90) through contacts (78> 79) through the balance beam (60) e.g. via microswitches, magnetic switches, etc., and regardless of the quality or quantity can be influenced by remote control of the servomotor (71) by its working weight (72). 19. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that for the sieve box lifting and transport movement in its angle ° 0 adjustable curved or plane supports (49) are arranged on which the rollers (47) sit and the sieve box (44) Receives its oscillation movement via the eccentric or cantilever drive (43). 20. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the fans with vertical or horizontal arrangement in the form of a drawer, i.e. they can be mounted on a sliding track (132) so that they can be pulled out. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that that preferably external rotor motor (118, 119) with blades flanged onto the housing (116, 117) are used, as well as that the fans by means of bracket (125) 'on the sealing surfaces (127, 128) can be adjusted. 22. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that instead of the parabolic arranged cross grating profiles (6 - 7) kidney-shaped, thicker and conical longitudinal profiles come into use, whereby an even more differentiated or sharper separating effect is achieved and the spray grain migration to the cleaning zone at the beginning of the crop flow - 5-jet build-up and on The end of the breakdown of the jet is avoided by the impact effect (142). 23. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peeling tongue of the return type (boundary mixture) according to (10, Figure 23) is interlocked with a flank inclination of approx
of a wheat grain diameter. generation of approx. 20 and a base radius of approx. - ^ 24. Device for performing the method according to Claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the inlet feed device (Figure 24) consists of a flap (^ 9J with a large radius of curvature and a high transmission ratio by means of toothed segment and adjusting lever (153), which is provided with a ball bearing (154) for the purpose of good friction. 25. The device according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that that the regulation of the sorting and circulating air flow from a fixed and a movable one Rod rake (155, 156) consists, the movable by a pyramid-shaped steering device, in which each handlebar (157) is provided with an adjustment lock (158) for an accurate To achieve adjustment, or to compensate any uneven tears of the current, is useful.