DE3318942A1 - Positive-displacement machine for converting linear forces and linear movements into torques and rotary movements or vice versa - Google Patents

Abstract

In positive-displacement motors, the pressures occurring in the displacement spaces and the resulting movements are converted via mechanical components into torques and rotary movements, while, in the case of positive-displacement pumps and compressors, the reverse is true. The parts moved under the effects of pressure perform movements relative to one another, only some components of the pressure forces being converted into useful work; other components, on the other hand, must be supported with friction. According to the invention, the pressure forces which are not used for torque formation are, where flexible pressure-transmitting components are provided, accepted by means of a flexible tie. As a result, it is possible to dispense with thrust bearings, which account for a considerable proportion of the construction outlay in conventional positive-displacement machines and represent significant sources of frictional losses and wear. The invention makes possible positive-displacement machines with better efficiency, a higher power density, a longer life and a lower cost. Further developments of the subject-matter of the invention concern advantageous combinations of a plurality of positive-displacement machines, the advantageous embodiment of a valve control of the subject-matter of the invention and the adjustment of the displacement or compression ratio. <IMAGE>

Description

Patent specification

Displacement machine for the implementation of linear and linear forces Movements in torques and rotating movements or vice versa.

Displacement power and working machines, such as internal combustion engines, hydraulic or pneumatic pumps and motors, piston compressors, etc., use the rectilinear work, which their applied with compressive forces, in sealed Paths (cylinders) guided displacers (pistons) along these paths make over crank mechanisms acting on the output shaft into rotating work; than pumps and compressors, they reverse the rotating working motion of the pin drive machine in straight work paths.

All previously known machines of the type mentioned have the disadvantage that the working pressure and inertia forces acting in the direction of the displacement movement the moving parts of the slider crank drive bearing points in the stationary housing fed and supported in the bearings against the housing, whereby by the Relative movements in these bearings result in frictional losses that reduce the efficiency worsen.

For example, in piston pumps and motors with crankshafts, the Piston forces acting in the direction of the cylinder axis in the connecting rod and crankshaft bearings supported, or e.g.

for units with swash or swash plates or with cam tracks either by means of the drive disks entrained by the pistons or connecting rods Bearings supported against the housing, or the pistons or connecting rods are mediated special sliding shoes against inclined or

Swash plates movably supported.

In the case of curved paths, too, support is provided, if necessary, by means of 4 shoes directly against the housing.

Furthermore, most of the previously known machines have the aforementioned Art has the disadvantage that in the course of the working movement due to the inclination of the Displacement elements (connecting rods) forces act on the displacers (pistons), which one Form an angle to the direction of movement of the displacer in the cylinder axis and thus Piston side forces generate, which in turn generate additional damaging friction losses and thus more wear and tear and lower efficiency. For pistons that can only be guided by means of the cylinder bore and without connecting rods onto the drive pulley act, arise through the leverage effect of the obliquely acting on the piston head Forces disadvantageously additional clamping forces between the piston and cylinder bore.

Even with displacement machines in which displacement elements with deformable Walls are used, such as bellows, balls or hoses, the deformation forces Brought to the displacement elements via eccentrics or inclined or swash plates, which in turn, the reaction forces of the deformation over strong bearings with relative movement transfer to the housing.

With these machines, too, the storage effort is considerable, and the bearing losses also cause wear and tear and poorer efficiency.

This is where the invention comes in. Its aim is to make things superfluous by omitting them Bearings reduce construction costs, friction losses and wear to reduce and thus the efficiency and the service life as well as the pressure resistance and thus to increase the power density.

According to the invention, this is done in that a displacement system or Displacement system (1) are provided, which or which by means of a pressure medium Apply compressive and tensile forces, on the one hand in a manner known per se with one and Provided outlet devices for the working medium there component (cylinder block or drum) (2), on the other hand on a known per se Way obliquely to the axial direction of movement of the displacement system or the displacement systems arranged; Drive pulley (3) provided with a radial bearing (4) and around whose axis is rotatably arranged, and in which or in which pressure and Tension-transmitting components either pressure-resistant or, if necessary, also tensile-strength, but flexible or single or multiple articulated connecting rod elements (5) or variable volume, hollow body elements (l0) provided with elastic walls are arranged in such a way that that they are flexible or flexible on curved paths (5)

are articulated, whose planes of curvature | approximately parallel Lying to the plane, the axes of the components (2) which are at an angle to one another and (3) is formed, with the reciprocating movements and forces of the components (5) or (10) in a manner known per se in more or less uniform, correspondence Drehbwegungen and torques of the components (2) and (3) are implemented that further a tensile, but flexible or articulated shackle (7) with both ends attached to the components (2) and (3) in such a way and arranged circumferentially with them is that the axial movement of the drive pulley (3) under the action of on it axial forces transmitted by the connecting rods (S) or other displacement elements (10) is limited by this fetter, and that further between the drive pulley (3) and the component (2) a torsional and axial offset stiffness, but in every plane of curvature bendable, with track guiding elements (6) for the connecting rods (S) and other displacement elements (10) and the tension shackle (7) provided coupling (8) arranged and with the components (2) and (3) is connected, the path guiding elements of which are attached to or in it (6) the connecting rod (S) or other displacement elements (10) and the tension shackle (7) in curved, approximately circular arc-shaped paths or layers forces their planes of curvature lie approximately parallel to the plane of curvature of the center line of the coupling (8).

In Fig. 1 is a slot-controlled as an example of the subject matter of the invention Hydraulic motor shown.

Explanation for Fig.: (1) is a displacement system, consisting of Pistons and cylinder bores, which are arranged on a pitch circle. (2) represents a cylinder drum, (3) a drive pulley with bearing journals, (4) the bearing this drive pulley; (5) are flexible connecting rod elements, (6) path guide elements. (7) is a tension shackle, e.g. a rope, a flexible tension rod, a single or multiple link Chain made of cardan joints or similar, (8) a torsionally rigid and axially offset rigid coupling, Consists of several discs connected by axially movable driving pins and kept at a distance by spring elements. (9) is the outer case, in which the rotating parts (2) and (3) are mounted at an angle to each other. (16) is a shim for automatic adjustment of the pressure in the control gap, which is fastened axially adjustable on the journal of the cylinder drum.

The hydraulic motor shown works as follows: The displacement piston (1) can slide in the cylinder bores of the rotatably mounted piston drum (2), if their connection bores in a known manner with the control slots of the control and supply system firmly connected to the outer housing (9) interact. The forces of the medium flowing in under pressure via the supply lines push the via the control in each case with the high-pressure line connected piston from their Cylinder bore out and generate via the connecting rod elements (S) on the through their Bearing (4) - inclined drive pulley (3) a torque or

a rotary motion. The one via the control with the low pressure line connected pistons are moved by the movement of the drive pulley (3) in its cylinder bore pressed in and push out the relaxed medium.

The coupling (8) transmits the torque and rotary motion of the drive pulley (3) onto the cylinder drum (2), so that (2) and (3) are synchronous and at the same angle with one another Your due to the inclination of the drive pulley (3) against the direction of movement the curvature caused by the displacer (1) sets the coupling (8) due to its flexibility little resistance to bending, but on the other hand it transmits due to its torsional stiffness Torques between cylinder drum (2) and drive pulley (3) without substantial angular deformation, arranged on a large pitch circle diameter Carriers have only low circumferential forces and therefore generate relative movements in their axial movements only low friction losses.

In the disks of the coupling (8) there are bores as path guide elements (6) for the connecting rod (5) and the shackle (7), which because of the constant curvature of the coupling center line also form continuously curved center lines. The radial ones Path guiding forces of the connecting rods (5) - radially in relation to the radius of curvature of their Guide track - create on the pressure side in connection with that in the plane of curvature the center line holding forces of the shackle (7) the output torque of the Hydraulic motor, which is attached to the bearing that is firmly connected to the cylinder drum (2) and shaft journal is removed. The shackle (7) prevents axial outward movement of the journal of the drive pulley (3) and leads the from the connecting rods (5) to the Drive pulley (3) exerted axial pressure directly as a tensile force on the cylinder drum (2) back. In this case, the shackle (7) only deforms in the course of the revolution Bending direction, i.e. with only slight loss of deformation.

The axial forces do not need to be supported by relatively movable bearings to become so that axial bearing friction losses do not arise.

The overturning moment on the drive pulley (3) and cylinder drum (2) causes due to the one-sided pressure forces on the pressure side of the pitch circle, the The radial bearings of the drive pulley (3) and the cylinder drum (2) are supported.

The advantage of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 is that complex Axial bearings are superfluous, which are a significant part of conventional machines the manufacturing costs as well as the structural weight and considerable frictional losses condition, whereby they are also the main points of development.

It is also advantageous that the piston is only slightly subject to transverse forces They can therefore be used in a weight- and cost-saving manner be shorter, including the cylinder drum, than with previous hydraulic motors Hydraulic motors according to the subject matter of have lower bearing and friction losses Invention a better efficiency.

Another example of the subject matter is as valve controlled Pump shown in Fig. 2.

Here are the displacement spaces (1) as cylindrical hollow body elements Shown with elastic walls (1O), designed as bellows. The cylinder block 2) is connected to the stationary housing (9) against the central axis of the Cylinder block (2) inclined drive pulley (3) is here with its radial bearing (4) mounted in a flywheel (11), which in turn is mounted in the outer housing (9) and is connected to the drive shaft journal. Connecting rods (5) (Ahb.l) are not required here.

The shackle (7) is here as a prestressed helical spring with a rectangular Wire cross-section formed in this example by their outer surfaces at the same time the task of the web guiding elements (6) for the bellows (10) takes over. The pliable, but torsionally rigid and misaligned bellows (10) simultaneously form the torsional and offset-stiff coupling (8) between drive pulley (3) and cylinder block (2) .In the inlet bores connected to a suction (12) channel are suction check valves (13) arranged while outlet check valves (14) lead into an outlet ring channel (15).

The mode of operation of the pump according to Fig. 2 is as follows: By the rotating The flywheel (11) is driven by the axis of the radial bearing (4) on a conical surface guided; the drive pulley C3) follows this movement, but is controlled by the clutch (8) prevented from rotating about its axis, so that it only wobbles As a result of the swaying movement, which also the shackle (7) does not rotate participates in relation to the cylinder block (2), the cavities of the bellows (10) periodically reduced and enlarged again, so that an intake stroke and a pressure stroke follow periodically. When sucking in from the annular channel (12) are known per se Way, the suction check valves (13) open and the muslaßeckventile (14) closed, when pressed into the pressure-side ring channel (15), the reverse is true Valves (13) closed and (14) open.

The pump according to Fig. 2 has the same design as compared to known designs Advantages like the hydraulic motor according to Section 1. Here is the one special Advantage in the possibility of a simple valve control. Furthermore, it is for use in the area of water hydraulics sweeping the elimination of sliding surfaces in the water area are given a particular advantage.

The structural features of the subject matter of the invention should be does not affect the elements described in the explanation of Figures 1 and 2 restrict.

For example, 3. in a different formation of the subject matter of the invention instead of axial connection bores in the cylinder drum (2), (Fig.1) and axial control slots Radial control systems can also be used in a manner known per se. Even the axes of the displacer can be more or less in a manner known per se form large helix angle against the central axis of the machine, so instead lie on a cylinder on a cone shell.

A further development of the subject matter of the invention in the case of spatially parallel, A closely spaced arrangement of two or more machines is according to the invention especially marked that in machines that are arranged closely next to one another | the drive pulleys (3) are designed in their diameter so that adjacent drive pulleys (3) can touch and roll over each other.

The particular advantage is that if the length of the Line of contact and, when wrapped around the outside with a tape, the overturning moments of the Drive disks balanced against each other and the storage (4) can be saved can.

A spatial tandem or chain arrangement of two or more displacement machines according to the subject matter of the invention is particularly characterized according to the invention that for machines arranged close together in the axial direction for mechanical Connection only a common shaft journal or a common control provided will, or that the Circular arcs of the respective shackles (7) up to a semicircle are extended so that the respective ends of the shackles (7) into one another pass over, with the output in the former case from the shaft journals that remain free, but otherwise in all cases also of toothed or chain wheels or other gear elements can be delivered, which are mounted on the shaft journal riding.

Such an arrangement has the advantage that components are saved will.

Machines according to the subject matter of the invention can also only with be equipped with a single displacement unit; on the other hand is also a Arrangement of many displacement units possible by placing them on several concentric units Part circles, possibly with different piston or cylinder diameters, arranged will.

In the last case, by separating the control systems different pressure levels can be combined in one unit.

The in Fig. 1 as simple flexible rods made of elastic material connecting rod elements (5) shown have the advantage that, with appropriate selection of the material have a sound-absorbing effect, e.g. as a pearl necklace, compression coil spring, Support body chain made of cylindrical pressure bodies with spherical contact surfaces and the like. be trained; they can also be connected by a flexible shackle and thereby transferring tus' forces. It is advisable to have a central hole for this purpose is advantageous for self-priming pumps or for controlling inertia forces at higher speeds.

The guidance of the connecting rod elements (j can be used to reduce friction can also be effected by means of ball guides.

Instead of cylindrical displacement pistons, spherical pistons can be used; if such spherical pistons are used in pumps operating under inlet pressure, they have the known advantages.

In the design according to Fig. 2, the attachment of balancing weights on the flywheel (11) for the eccentrically tumbling components.

The shackle (7) can be made as a chain of any kind, as a high-strength pull rope Steel wire or glass, aramid or carbon fiber or, for example, also as vulcanized Be formed coil spring. But it can also be straightened, not more flexible Rod be suspended in a single universal joint, which is connected to the cylinder drum 2) and the drive pulley (3) rotates synchronously and therefore does not need to have a pivot bearing.

In the torsionally rigid, flexible coupling shown in Fig. 1 (8) with track guiding elements (6) and drivers, the connecting rods (5) can do the job the driver also take over; instead of several separate clutch disks a coil spring consisting of a continuous flat strip can also be provided, or a package of flat disc springs, or a bellows, these too Coupling elements can have holes as track guide elements that the connecting rod elements (5). Also, similar to Section 2, for each displacement element a spring made from normal round wire, from wire with a rectangular cross-section or from Flat band or as a set of disc springs as individual coupling elements of the coupling (8) arranged and provided with its tubular inner wall as a web guide will.

The web guide elements (6) can be used to reduce the surface pressure and for the purpose of forming a lubricant film, instead of simple holes, they are also designed as sleeves be, with the fluid mist that occurs because of the leakage in the housing, as Lubricant can be used. Lubrication options are also through use of porous or self-lubricating materials in the coupling and the track guiding elements given.

In the connection bores of the cylinder drum (2) in Fig known measures are taken to better seal the control gap, e.g. the arrangement of axially movable sealing sleeves with sealing rings, those located between the cylinder drum (2) and the control surface on the housing (9) Sealing washers interact.

For the valve control described in the explanation of Fig due to the possibility of eliminating a shaft, the coaxial displacement units to be arranged particularly close to one another, the advantageous embodiment according to the invention in that instead of conventional spherical or conical non-return bodies a continuous ring is provided which rolls in a groove and thereby the Closing or releasing the connection bores in a periodic sequence.

E.g. a flexible ring with a circular cross-section, the one has a larger diameter than the groove trapezoidal in cross-section and that in this with the pressure side of the groove connected to the high pressure, Connection bores connected to the groove through the exiting ModLénfluM h iSolbt while the connection bores under suction pressure ores the ring in The periodic bulge causes the ring to roll off in the groove.

The support points of the ring are thus advantageously permanent changed and thus the wear and tear is reduced.

In the case of using the subject matter of the invention as an internal combustion engine or as a hydraulic motor with valve control, circumferential elastic grooves can be used in a similar manner as valve bodies or for actuating inlet and outlet valves by actuating the corresponding valves with rotating rollers1 in the case of two-stroke engines with every cycle, in the case of four-stroke engines with every 2nd cycle.

The outer housing (9) can be provided with connection bores for leakage oil flow and Lubricants as well as with assembly openings, cooling devices such as cooling fins, cooling water channels and jackets.

The variability of the stroke, which is known per se in displacement machines volume can be achieved according to the invention in the subject matter of the invention by that the bearing (4) of the drive pulley (3) is not firmly in the housing (9), (Fig. 1) or not firmly in the flywheel (11) (Fig. 2), but on one in the curvature tendon the shackle (7) or the center line of the coupling (8) lying curved path is arranged, or that the cylinder drum (2) (Fig.1) together with the attached Control is arranged displaceably along a curved path in the housing (9).

As a result, the inclination of the drive pulley can be over a central position can be continuously adjusted to an opposite inclination, depending on the Size of the helix angle in a manner known per se, the stroke volume above zero brought to a negative maximum value and the volume flow can be reversed.

The displacement can also be changed by moving the cylinder drum (2) including their storage and the attached control, which in such a case not is connected to the housing (9), made along a curved path in the housing (9) will.

Adjusting devices can be mechanical levers or actuators in a known manner, be electric or hydraulic drives that are at a standstill or in the course of the Machine can be operated.

The journal of the bearing (4) can optionally be used as the drive or output shaft serve on the side of the drive pulley (3) or the bearing journal of the cylinder drum ti); it can also serve both as drive or output at the same time.

With machines according to Fig. 2, in the event of the drive pulley swiveling due to the associated change in the imbalances, counterbalancing weights move in opposite directions are provided.

In the case of using the subject matter of the invention as a machine with variable displacement, here in particular as an internal combustion engine or as a compressor, can be used to achieve a small dead space or an optimal compression ratio the cylinder dead space can also be designed to be changeable.

According to the invention this is achieved in that the shackle (7) is variable in length designed or that adjustable filling bodies are provided, which can be changed deep can be introduced into the displacement systems.

For example, ylindric, with the piston drum or with the cylinder housing (2) connected pistons or pins are provided that are in the cylinder base or the local opening of the cylinder bore inserted and into the displacement space can be inserted variably deep, e.g. with hydraulic pressure.

Or the shackle (7) can be made variable in length so that with less inclination of the drive pulley (3) and thus less stroke of the displacement elements these penetrate deeper into the bores and thus reduce the existing dead space This means that the optimal ratio of stroke to dead space is maintained.

Machines according to the subject of the invention can be used as prime movers and work machines of all kinds, e.g. as piston pumps and compressors for all media Type, as pneumatic or hydraulic motors, as internal combustion engines, etc.

Because of the elimination of high pressure storage and thus the elimination of increased Lubrication requirements is a particularly good use for Water hydraulics given.

Claims (6)

Patent applications 0 ') R e n g e r m a s c h i n e for implementation of linear forces and linear movements in torques and rotary movements or vice versa, that is, a displacement system or displacement systems (1) are provided, which or which by means of a pressure medium Exert compressive or tensile forces, on the one hand on a known per se Component with inlet and outlet devices (cylinder block or drum) (2), on the other hand in a manner known per se at an angle to the axial direction of movement the displacement system or the displacement systems arranged drive pulley (3), the is provided with a radial bearing (4) and is arranged to be rotatable about its axis, and in which or in which as compression and tension transferring components either pressure-resistant, if necessary also tensile, but flexible or single or multiple articulated Connecting rod elements (5) or variable-volume hollow-body elements provided with elastic walls (10) are arranged in such a way that they are flexible or articulated on curved paths (6) are performed whose planes of curvature are approximately parallel to the plane that is formed by the axes of components (2) and (3) lying at an angle to one another, wherein the reciprocating movements and forces of the components (5) and (10) in In a manner known per se, in more or less uniform rotational movements in the same direction and torques of the components (2) and (3) are implemented, that also a tensile strength, but flexible or articulated shackles (7) with both ends on the components (2) and (3) is attached in such a way and arranged circumferentially with these that the axial Movement of the drive pulley (3) under the action of the connecting rod (S) - or other displacement elements (10) transmitted axial forces through this shackle is limited, and that further between the drive pulley (3) and to the Component (2) has a torsional and axial offset stiffness, Ue'dochs ~ in every plane of curvature bendable, with track guiding elements (6) for the connecting rod (S) - or other displacement elements (l0) and the tension shackle (7) provided coupling (6) arranged and with the components (2) and (3) is connected, the track guide elements (6) attached to or in it Connecting rod (S) - or other displacement elements (l0) and the tension shackle (7) in curved, approximately circular arc-shaped paths or layers forces their planes of curvature approximated lie parallel to the plane of curvature of the center line of the coupling (8). 2.) Spatial parallel arrangement of two or more displacement machines according to claim 1.), characterized in that when arranged closely side by side Machines the drive pulleys (3) are designed in their diameter so that Can touch neighboring drive pulleys (3) and roll on each other. 3.) Spatial by or chain arrangement of two or more displacement machines according to claim 1.) and 2.), characterized in that for in the axial direction closely spaced machines for mechanical connection only one common Shaft journal or a common control is provided, or that the circular arcs the respective fetter (7) can be extended up to a semicircle, so that the respective Ends of the shackles (7) merge into one another, the downforce in the former case of the shaft journals that remain free, but also in all cases can be delivered by toothed or sprocket wheels that ride on the shaft journals are appropriate. 4.) valve arrangement for positive displacement machines according to claim 1), characterized especially characterized that instead of conventional frugel- or cone-shaped Non-return bodies a continuous ring is provided which abrailt in a groove and thereby closes or releases the connection bores in a periodic sequence. 5.) displacement machine according to claim 1) and / or 4.), Thereby particularly characterized in that the bearing (4) of the drive pulley (3) is not fixed in the housing (9) (Fig. 1) or not firmly in the flywheel (11) (section 2), but on an in the plane of curvature of the shackle (7) or the center line of the coupling (8) Cam track is arranged to be displaceable, or that the cylinder drum (2) (Ahb.l) together with the attached control can be displaced along a curved path in the housing (9) is arranged. 6.) displacement machine according to claim 1,4 and / or 5.), Thereby particularly characterized in that the shackle (7) designed variable in length or that adjustable Packing bodies are provided, which can be changed and introduced deep into the displacement systems can be.