DE3315199A1 - Solid fuel gasification plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The solid fuel gasification plant consists of a degassing chamber which is surrounded by a housing and which has, on one side, a charging pipe for feeding combustion material and, on the opposite side, a flame tube which transfers the jet flame, formed during degassing, into a boiler, connected to the flame tube, with heat exchange, the housing having a high-strength lining of high heat storage capacity, and containing primary and secondary air orifices for introducing air into the degassing chamber. Degassing temperatures of 1000 to 1500 DEG C and hence complete decomposition of the material introduced are achieved, with waste gases which are virtually free of smoke and sulphur.

Description

Solid fuel gasification plant

The invention relates to a solid fuel gasification system, consisting from a degassing chamber surrounded by a housing, which on one side is a Filling pipe for the supply of combustion material and on the opposite Side has a flame tube, which the nitrogen flame pending during the degassing is introduced into a boiler with a heat exchanger connected to the flame tube, wherein the housing has a highly refractory lining and primary and secondary air openings for introducing air into the degassing chamber and further comprising the combustion material is stored on a furnace grate in the degassing chamber, under which the primary air controllably supplied.

A gasification plant mentioned at the beginning is in several embodiments known. All embodiments have in common that only one is insufficient Gasification of the filled material is given because only relatively low temperatures can be achieved. The efficiency of known systems is relatively low and it occurs nor harmful exhaust gases and dust.

The invention has the task of providing a solid fuel gasification plant of the type mentioned so that a much better efficiency is achieved in the case of detoxified exhaust gases and the absence of dust in the exhaust gases.

To solve the problem, the invention is characterized in that that the highly refractory lining of the housing from a highly heat-storing Material, e.g. a hardenable mixture of in water touched, powdered lava stones with clay.

The feature of the invention is the highly heat-storing lining of the Housing of the degassing chamber, which leads to temperatures in the degassing chamber from 1000 to 1200 OC can be achieved.

At such high temperatures, a complete and dust-free process takes place Degassing of the supplied combustion material and a practically complete Detoxification of the exhaust gases, so that better exhaust gas values and a comparable degree of efficiency, as with oil firing, is achieved.

The exhaust gas is completely dust-free because the dust is also degassed and is decomposed. Corresponding dedusting devices are therefore not required in the area of the exhaust fan attached to the chimney.

The high level of efficiency achieved by the solid fuel gasification system according to the invention, however, is also due to the special air flow according to the object of claim 2 achieved. Therefore, for claim 2 alone and in conjunction with claim 1 both independent and combined protection claims.

The feature of the subject matter of claim 2 is that a high temperature The primary air is preheated in that the primary air guide has two parallel, horizontal, spaced apart, in cross section infinitely variable primary air ducts, which are located above the flame tube in the Side walls of the housing run and each open into a vertical section, which in turn merges into a lower, ground-level and horizontal section, which opens into an air chamber below the combustion grate. By the arrangement of two separate primary air ducts, each primary air duct above the Flame tube is guided horizontally, an extremely high preheating of the air guided there.

The fact that the air ducts for the primary air in the housing are selected to be long additional heating takes place through the highly heat-storing lining of the housing, so that the degassing of the pile of material stored on the grate proceeds with improved efficiency compared to known systems.

Another essential feature of the invention is that two separate Secondary air ducts are provided, which are mutually related to the combustion grate opposite. The first secondary air opening consists of two side by side, parallel at a distance above the filler pipe, infinitely variable in cross-section Channels, while the second secondary air opening consists of two below the flame tube arranged, in cross-section continuously adjustable channels, each of which Channel diagonally upwards into the degassing chamber diagonally against the pile of material stored there is directed. The heap of material is therefore first of all on its surface by the Painted the first secondary air openings above the filler pipe, while the surface of the pile of material lying on the bottom surface of two lower secondary air openings is painted. Essential for these lower secondary air openings is that this is the jet flame generated by the pile of material during degassing, which is passed through the exhaust fan into the flame tube, envelop and to a certain extent dress so that this jet flame is introduced into the flame tube in a thermally insulated manner and therefore has relatively little opportunity to strongly increase the flame tube itself heat, whereby the efficiency would be reduced.

The lower secondary air openings thus lift the one from the pile of material generated jet flame and direct it in the direction of the flame tube there. This results in a further significant improvement in the combustion technology Efficiency, because the stitch hardly ever flame surfaces yourself touched inside the degassing chamber.

A further improvement of the material transport and the air flow results according to the subject matter of claim 6 characterized in that the bottom surface of the The filler pipe merges flush with a horizontal floor surface of the degassing chamber, that the bottom surface in the incineration grate inclined downwards in the filling direction passes over and that the combustion grate passes flush into a lower horizontal floor surface, which is aligned with the lower edge of the lower secondary air openings.

Seen from the secondary air openings, there is thus an inclined angle Increase in the floor area in the direction of the combustion grate and the filling pipe. Through this the material transport from the filling pipe over the combustion grate is essential relieved and there is no blockage or clumping of the imported Materials.

Further features of the invention are the subject of the remaining subclaims.

The subject matter of the present invention does not result only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with one another.

All information and characteristics disclosed in the documents, in particular the spatial training shown in the drawings are a Is as essential to the invention claimed insofar as they are individually or in combination compared to the prior art are new.

In the following, the invention will be described on the basis of only one embodiment Illustrative drawings explained in more detail. Here go from the drawings and their description of further features and advantages of the invention that are essential to the invention emerged.

They show: FIG. 1: schematically drawn side view of a complete solid fuel gasification system, Figure 2: Section along the line II-II in Figure 7 through a degassing boiler according to the invention, Figure 3: front view of the degassing vessel from the filling side, FIG. 4: side view of the degassing vessel Figure 5: Front view of the degassing boiler from the flame tube side, Figure 6: Top view of the degassing boiler, FIG. 7: Section along the line VII-VII in Figure 8, Figure 8: vertical section through the side wall of the housing.

From a chip silo 49, a motor-driven agitator arm, circulating on the silo floor, the fuel is pushed into a rotary valve 52 and transported by this into a screw conveyor 53. The discharge rate can can be adjusted from the outside via a metering slide 54.

The screw conveyor pushes the fuel into the degassing chamber 23 via the filler pipe 1O.

Here the fuel is then degassed and regulated with a supply of Primary and secondary air as a burning gas via the flame tube 28 to the boiler or

Heat exchanger 46 supplied.

The flame is regulated by regulating the feed quantity of the fuel into the feed pipe 1O, the screw conveyor 53, the rotary valve 52 and the agitator arm 51 are controlled accordingly.

A further regulation takes place over the boiler thermostat, which the The system regulates exactly like e.g. a gas burner.

The suction fan So arranged behind the heat exchanger 46 is used the generation of a uniform negative pressure in the degassing chamber 23, because from there the air via the primary air openings 3O and the secondary air openings 4O, 42,43 is sucked up.

The solids degassing system consists of a top view rectangular housing 1 with a top cover 2, which with the help of a hinge 3 can be folded up in the direction of arrow 5, and can be folded down again in the opposite direction.

A handle 4 is arranged at the front as a handle for the cover 2.

For igniting the heap of material stored in the degassing chamber 23 27 the lid 2 is opened and ignited material, e.g. wood wool, on the Pile of material 27 thrown.

The housing 1 also has a rear end wall 6 and a front one End wall 7 on. Through the end wall 7 engages the filler pipe lo, which is connected to the flange 11 with the discharge side of the screw conveyor 53. the the chamber-side mouth of the filler pipe lo is closed by a pendulum flap 13, which is mounted in a pivot bearing 14 inside the housing 1. The pendulum flap 13 limits the supply of material through the filler pipe lo with a subsequent control device described.

The pendulum flap 13 is rotatably connected to an axis 15 which is led out outside the housing 1. On the outside of the axle 15 is a control disk 16 (compare Figures 9 and 10) arranged. In Figures 9 and 10 there are two control disks provided, the execution with a control disk is also possible. the Control disk 16 is connected to axis 15 in a rotationally fixed manner. At the top of the control disc 16 a proximity switch 17 is arranged on the housing, which is electrically operated, when the control disk 16 approaches it, i.e. when the pendulum flap 13 is out of its Position 13 'is pivoted into position 13.

The degassing chamber and the control disk 16 are thus completely filled actuates the proximity switch 17 by their approach and this switches over switching electronics (not shown in detail) drive the screw conveyor 53 , the agitator arm 51 and the rotary valve 52.

If the pendulum flap 13 falls due to the increasing burn-off in the Degassing chamber 23 back into its position 13 ', then the control disk moves away 16 in the direction of arrow 18 from the proximity switch 17 and this switches the drive the screw conveyor 53 and the other drive motors on again.

To ensure fine adjustment, it is provided that the Proximity switch attached to housing 1 such that it can be displaced in the directions of arrow 19 is.

For weight taring the pivot position of the pendulum flap 13 is a Balance weight 20 is provided, which rotates with its rod 21 on the axis 15 starts.

The balance weight 20 is in the directions of arrows 22 on the rod 21 movable.

The degassing chamber 23 has a lower bottom surface 24 in which an obliquely directed combustion grate 25 is arranged. The material from the filler tube 10 now arrives in the direction of arrow 12, overcoming the pendulum flap 13 on the horizontal floor surface 26 which is aligned with the lower part of the filler pipe 10.

The material introduced into the degassing chamber 23 forms one there Heap of material 27, which is indicated in Figure 2 by dashed lines. To the Ignition of the heap of material 27, the cover 2 is lifted up and into its position 2 ', and the pile of material 27 is then lit by hand, e.g. via a A match, a lighter or the like.

Ignition of the material occurs instantaneously and instantaneously because Because of the running suction fan 50, a strong draft of air in the degassing chamber takes place from the air openings over the flame tube 28 and thereby a high Oxygen supply guaranteed.

The combustion gases are therefore in the direction of arrow 29 through the exhaust fan 50 withdrawn from the degassing chamber 23.

The primary air supply for the degassing chamber 23 takes place via the arrangement of two parallel side-by-side primary air ducts 30, the both at a mutual distance at the front side by side on the front end wall 7 are arranged. The air flows in the direction of arrow 31 into the primary air duct into it, it being essential that the horizontal section 33 of the primary air duct 3O is arranged above the flame tube 28, so that the direction of arrow 33 (Figure 8) rising heat ensures a substantial preheating of the primary air. The horizontal section 32 merges into a vertical section 34, which in turn in turn opens into a horizontal, lower section 35.

This results in a large-area heat transfer of the heat of the Degassing chamber 23 to the primary air guided in the primary air channels 30 because the two air ducts each in the side walls 8.9 of the housing in the area of the Lining 44 (see Figure 7) is performed.

The lower, horizontal section 35 of the respective primary air duct 30 finally opens below the combustion grate 25 in an air chamber 36. Die The air chamber is closed to its bottom surface with an ash flap 37, which is always held in the closed position by a balance weight 38.

When a specified maximum ash level is reached, it opens the ash flap 37 is automatic due to its weight. It is also possible that the The ash flap 37 is opened by hand by grasping the counterweight 38, whereby a very small amount of ash falls out, because it is practically complete Decomposition of the heap of material in the area of the degassing chamber23 takes place.

It is also important to point out that in the area of the suction fan 50 dust separation no longer has to be used because the exhaust gases are practically dust-free are what a significant advantage over known solid matter degassing systems represents.

The primary air flowing into the air chamber 36 flows in the direction of the arrow 39 upwards through the burn grate 25 into the burning heap of material 27.

For the secondary air duct is in the area of the rear end wall 6 (see Figure 5) a secondary air opening 40 is provided, which is through a Flap 41 can be closed adjustably. The opening of the flap 41 is with a hand adjustable threaded screw set. This is the Cross-section of the secondary air opening 40 is continuously adjustable.

On the front end wall 7 are further, upper secondary air openings 42,43 provided, which, in deviation from the drawing, also has a round Cross-section can be formed. The secondary air openings 42, 43 are respectively again in a manner not shown in each case steplessly by one in cross section adjustable flap completed.

It is essential in the present invention that the lining 44 of the degassing chamber 23 consists entirely of lavatone stones. This lining is poured and it is essential that all fire-contacting surfaces with this Lining 44 are provided.

This is the material Lavaton TRO 3, which is a Mixture of lava stones with clay, which is supplied in powder form, and with water is touched. This results in a mortar-like consistency, and so on The mortar obtained is poured into all openings on the inside of the housing, so that the all-round lining 44 shown in FIG. 1 results. The material thickness 47 of the lining is large. Using the example of Figure 2, it can be shown that e.g. the material thickness 47 of the cover 2 is about 1/3 of the clear height of the degassing chamber 23 is. This results in the desired, heat-storing effect, and the associated high degassing temperatures in the range from about 1000 to 15000C when igniting the heap of material 27 increases from a temperature of about 6000C the temperature in the flame tube 28 very sharply, with the further increase in temperature and the progress of the combustion through the supply air of the secondary air openings 40,42,43 is controlled.

At the high temperatures described, there is a complete Decomposition of the heap of material 27 and a negligibly small proportion of ash.

The flame arising in the pile of material 27 is passed through the flame tube 28 due to the activated exhaust fan 50 and into the boiler resp. Heat exchanger 46 introduced.

Because the secondary air opening 40 is below the flame tube 28 is arranged, there is the advantage that by ascending in the direction of arrow 45 Secondary air, the flame is introduced into the mouth of the flame tube 28 and funnel-shaped enters the flame tube 28, which significantly improves the efficiency of the boiler will.

The flame striking into the flame tube 28 is so to speak enveloped by the air flowing in through the secondary air opening 40 and it is thereby avoided that their heat is already applied to the lining in the area of the flame tube 44 passes on to a significant extent.

The actual oxygen supply to maintain the combustion is through the secondary air openings, which have a relatively large cross-section 42.43 reached.

It is important here that the secondary air openings 42, 43 are above of the heap of material 27 open into the degassing chamber 23 (see Figure 2).

This results in a constant flow of air in the direction of arrow 29 starting from the secondary air openings 42, 43, which brushes over the pile of material 27, there strongly favors the combustion and the burned exhaust gases then in the direction of the arrow 29 through the Flame tube 28 can be withdrawn.

You can control the supply air through the secondary air openings 40, 42, 43 so that practically a smokeless exhaust gas is produced, which is completely free of toxins and is without sulfur content. So there is a complete combustion of the flue gases in the degassing chamber 23.

Better emission protection values are thus achieved, as in comparison with an oil burner of the same power.

It is also essential that the adjoining the filler pipe 10, horizontal Floor surface 26 merges into a combustion grate 25 inclined in the direction of flame tube 28, which in turn merges into the horizontal floor surface 24. This will a continuous transport of material from the filler pipe 10 in the direction of the flame pipe 28 achieved. At the same time, the material flows through the primary air openings in the direction of the arrow 39 enriched with air from below.

The fact that the flame tube 28 also with the highly heat-storing lining 44 is provided, there is an afterburning of the flue gases.

With a degassing chamber according to the invention, all decompose flammable materials, such as wood waste, chips, garden waste, animal excrement, sewage sludge and the like.

The housing 1 is outside in a manner not shown by a Surrounding an insulating jacket, which e.g. consists of a 100 mm thick rock wool jacket, which is covered by a sheet metal jacket.

DRAWING LEGEND 1 Housing 2 Lid 2 '3 Hinge 4 Handle 5 Direction of arrow 6 End wall, rear 7 End wall, front 8 Side walls 9 10 Filling pipe 11 Flanges 12 Direction of arrow 13 Pendulum flap 13 '14 Swivel bearing 15 Axis 16 Control disk 17 Proximity switch 18 Direction of arrow 19 Direction of arrow 20 Compensation weight 21 rod 22 direction of arrow 23 degassing chamber 24 bottom surface 25 Burn grate 26 Floor area 27 Material pile 28 Flame tube 29 Direction of arrow 30 Primary air ducts 31 Direction of arrow 32 Part 33 Direction of arrow 34 Part 35 Section 36 Air chamber 37 Ash flap 38 Balance weight 39 Direction of arrow 40 Secondary air opening 41 Flap 42 Secondary air opening 43 Secondary air opening 44 Lining 45 Direction of arrow 46 Boiler or heat exchanger 47 Material thickness 49 Chip silo 50 Extraction fan 51 Agitator arm 52 Rotary feeder 53 Conveyor screw 54 Dosing slide - Blank page -

Claims (9)

Claims 1. Solid fuel gasification system, consisting of a degassing chamber surrounded by a housing, which has a filler pipe on one side for the supply of combustion material and a flame on the opposite side has tube, which the pending nitrogen flame during the degassing in one the flame tube connected boiler with heat exchanger initiates, with the housing has a highly refractory lining and primary and secondary air openings for Contains air introduction into the degassing chamber and further comprising the combustion material is stored on a furnace grate in the degassing chamber, under which the primary air is controllably supplied, that is, it is not indicated that the fire-proof Lining (44) of the housing (1) made of a highly heat-storing material, e.g. a hardenable mixture of powdered lava stones mixed in water with sound. 2. Solid fuel gasification system according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g I do not know that the primary air duct via two parallel, horizontal Primary air ducts with a mutual spacing and infinitely variable cross-section (30) takes place above the flame tube (28) in the side walls (8,9) of the housing (1) run and each open into a vertical section (34), which in turn merges into a lower, near-ground and horizontal section (35), which in an air chamber (36) opens below the combustion grate (25). 3. Solid fuel gasification system according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n z e i c h n e t that for the secondary air duct two with regard to the Combustion grate (25) opposite secondary air openings (40, 42) in the housing (1) are provided. 4. Solid fuel gasification system according to claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n ei c h n e t that the first secondary air opening (42) consists of two side by side, arranged parallel at a distance above the filler pipe (10), in cross section infinitely variable channels. 5. Solid fuel gasification system according to claim 3 and 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n e i c h n e t that the second secondary air opening (40) consists of two arranged below the flame tube (28), infinitely variable in cross-section Channels, each channel sloping upwards into the degassing chamber (23) is directed diagonally against the pile of material stored there (27). 6. Solid fuel gasification system according to one of claims 1 - 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h - n e t that the floor area of the filler pipe (10) flush with a horizontal floor surface (26) of the degassing chamber (23) goes over that the bottom surface (26) in the obliquely downward in the filling direction inclined combustion grate (25) passes and that the combustion grate (25) is flush with a lower horizontal floor surface (24) merges with the lower edge of the lower Secondary air openings (40) are aligned. 7. Solid fuel gasification system according to one of claims 1 - 6, d a d u r c h e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that to regulate the degassing of the Heap of material (27) the delivery rate of the screw conveyor (53) is regulated by that at the chamber-side end of the filler pipe (10) in the degassing chamber (23) a Pendulum flap (13) is arranged, which is non-rotatably connected to an axis (15) is, at the outer, free end of which one or more control discs (16) are arranged are, which interact with the housing-side proximity switches (17), which Controlled by a time relay, switch the drive of the screw conveyor (53) on and off. 8. Solid fuel gasification system according to one of claims 1 - 7, d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that all-fire-contact surfaces of the Degassing chamber (23) and that the flame tube (28) with the highly heat-storing Material are lined. 9. Solid fuel gasification system according to one of claims 1 - 8, d a d u r c h e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the material thickness (47) is a Wall of the degassing chamber (23) to the clear cavity of the degassing chamber such as 1: 3 behaves.