DE3309170C2 - Machine for harvesting beets and beet leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to be able to harvest beets, in particular forage or beetroot, in all harvesting or weather conditions, it is necessary to use combinations of harvesters that work with almost no loss. The new beet harvesting machine is characterized in particular by the combination of beet leaf and beet harvesting devices that work with almost no losses.

Description

The invention relates to a machine for harvesting beets and beet leaves according to the preamble of claim 1.

So far known in practice beet harvesters work z. B. with so-called pulling devices, which grasp the leaves of the beets to be harvested and pull the harvested crop out of the ground in order to then remove it to feed a device for overloading on a trolley. Such machines bring in particular in beets with few leaves, due to extreme drought during growth or in greasy, sticky soils that make the crop very firm keep in the ground, poor harvest results. Farther work comparable known beet harvesting machines (DE-OS 31 05 701 and AT-PS 2 61 286) with so-called Lifting shares, which lift the beets to be harvested completely from the ground in order to then one

ίο to feed the conveyor. To get a safe reception To ensure the beet body through the conveyor, the beet body must after Excavation by the lifting shares to be brought to a certain minimum height by the conveyor to be included. This harvesting method can be in poor harvesting conditions (sticky Soils) lead to difficulties, in particular congestion between the lifting shares and the Conveyor occur. Harvesting by means of lifting shares also requires that the beets stand in a row as closely as possible. Previously known beet harvesting machines (DE-OS 31 05 701) continue to work with so-called. Köpfvorrichtungen or Blatthäckslem, which cut off the leaves of the beets to be harvested in advance. These known topping or leaf chopping devices have the disadvantage that, in particular, very Turnips sit flat when they come into contact with the topping device are printed out of the ground and can no longer be harvested. These procedures are especially unsuitable for harvesting fodder beet

The present invention is based on the object of a mounted directly on the tractor or the like Build a beet harvester that works even in poor weather or harvesting conditions Loss-free harvest of beet and beet leaves guaranteed.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

With regard to the beet harvest, the first thing is that the beets are not removed by lifting shares must be lifted from the ground and brought to a certain minimum height, but that the beet body can be picked up directly from the ground. This procedure is carried out by the following described, allows specially designed harvesting devices. The direct picking up of the beets from the ground offers inter alia the advantage that beets standing loosely in the ground can also be caught by the ironing grids can that the ironing grids in connection with the lower part of the Rübenaufsammei- and conveying device engages in the ground. The depth of engagement of the beet collection unit is determined by the height adjustment of the running wheel trained support wheel of the support frame adjustable. The possible disadvantage of an increased Dirt pick-up is ensured by so-called dirt scraper bars in connection with the screenable beet pick-up and conveyor system prevented. The shell-shaped construction of the Loosening plate or grate makes it unnecessary that the beets are exactly in a row. Through the compact arrangement of the harvesting devices manufactured in lightweight construction, the machine is able to any kind of beet, even with poor quality or harvesting conditions to harvest well. By building The harvesting equipment on a connection frame, which is attached directly to the tractor, also comes out an advantageous load on the rear

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iricbsrädcr of the tractor, which increased tensile force th sheets are preferably from the right side around means. In addition, the tractor with the tractor (21) connected directly around it is in a separate sheet structure Beet harvester much more manoeuvrable a5s ker (38), which can be compared on the left in the rear view Harvesting machine attached to tractors is conveyed Guide devices (39) or leaf detectors, which run on a separate axis a 5 wise <39) ensure smooth and good delivery

With regard to the beet leaf harvest, one should note. Distribution of the beet leaves in the leaf bunker,
that previously known machines (DE-OS 31 05 701) only the beets separated from the leaves are of

Undermine the leaves of deep-seated beets (sugar beets) with the help of a loosening device (40-45) and Conventional topping devices can harvest or loosened the soil to make it easier to pick up the rudie The machine works in conjunction with a leaf io ben through the beet collection and conveying device chopper, is therefore limited to conventional harvesting (50-54) guarantee. At the same time during the Rüverfahren. Ben go through the loosening device, they will

The drawings represent an exemplary embodiment of guide rods, which become narrower towards the rear, correspond to the invention, which is shown schematically and which is explained in more detail in the drawing as a loosening plate and in the following. It shows 15 (AOa) or loosening grate (40b) shown device

F i g. 1 is a rear view of a device according to the invention is at the rear end by eccentric Anbrineinreihige, Beet harvesting machine (41) attached to the tractor on so-called flywheels (42) in an up-down in working position with trailer hitch and shifted downward movement Conveyor equipment, sheet metal or loosening grate on several length adjustment

F i g. 2 is a side view of the machine according to FIG. 1 fastened in 20 baren rods (43) or connecting rods (44) Working position with separate leaf harvesting and beet- The up and down movement can be achieved by simple body harvesting device and beet loosening device - adjustment of the upper eccentric crank rod, Adjust the suspension (41) on the flywheels (42)

F i g. 3 is a plan view of the sheet separating device and / or change. With adjustable hangers Sheet Feeder, 25 (45) of the loosener is also the

F i g. 4 is a rear view of the beet loosening device given the possibility of removing the loosening plate (4OaJ or processing the grate (AOb) from the starting position (parallel to the

a) using a loosening plate, ground) in a certain inclined position (lower at the front)

b) using a loosening grate. offset. Overall, a high or low level can beet harvesting according to the invention illustrated by the loosening device (40-45)

machine is with its connecting frame (10), the at the same time the height-adjustable support wheel (80) (impeller) tig as a support frame for all described harvesting and shaping. With the support wheel is Gleichdervorrichtungen The depth of the beet collection and conveyance is used by the three-point lifting device (20) of a tractor (21) connected. On the carrying device (50-54) determined by a simple lower frame there is a 35 ken of the harvesting machine designed as an impeller on the support wheel (80) (impeller) Support wheel (30). The machine essentially consists of moving from the transport position to the working position in relation to one another independently working beet leaves also the driver (operator) of the harvesting machine unloading devices and beet harvesting devices with steady, as the previously set draft of the machine Overloading options. The drive of all parts is always guaranteed and not constantly readjusted Nem PTO shaft drive (11) removed and must be over 40. The V-belts made from beet collection and beet conveying belts or chains to the individual facilities of the unit (50-54) existing facility is transferred to the locomotive. A trailer coupling (12) with a power take-off device (40-45) is connected downstream. Preferred through drive (11) enables attachment and detachment made from round steel to endless chains (50) emptying a transport trailer to accommodate the ironing grids (51) hung on the floor ben. During the harvesting process, the beets that are 45 lying or still loosely in the ground are first removed leaves separated from the beet body. The leaves of the Rü- and promote them on a screen-capable Leiteinben In the row to be harvested, blue siphons are directed upwards (52) (guide bars). By slope or (30) and additionally raised by lifting rods (32) V-shaped arrangement of the beet guide rods in relation to the directs. After passing through the sheet lifting device in the conveying direction, a first cleaning effect occurs the leaves are cranked at the base by a strongly cranked 50 The entire pick-up and conveying device th, deeply incised plate knife (33) and (50-54) is at an angle of about 65 ° to the horizon between suspended from this and a fixed counter cutting edge on the connection frame (10). The slope de (34) separated from the beet body. During this suspension of the collecting and conveying device process If the leaves are above the cut surface, you can also do a good cleaning job from a conveyor chain 55 provided with drivers (36) removes dirt masses without disadvantageous dirt build-up (35), which at the same time act as a drive for the cutting and fall back unhindered to the ground (33) is provided, detected and against a len. To ensure a permanent function of the beet pick-up and Preferably resiliently suspended guide stroking conveyor (50-54) also for uneven floor hoists (37) pressed. To ensure the suspension of the guide, the need to capture and för-stirrup ensures universal work of the leaf 60 ironing grids (51) serving the beets to a certain extent conveying device for each sheet set. To intervene in the ground in a measure. The one in the rear view Exact height cutting of the leaves from the beet basket - arcuate guide bracket section (53) to ensure that the blue cutting device (33, is also moved below the surface of the earth) designed to be adjustable in height. The height adjustment leads. The draft or the depth guidance is through of the Blattschneideinriehtung (33, 34) the support wheel (80) described above is adjusted during the b5. Of the Drive by the driver by, for example, hydraulic additionally recorded by the depth guidance Control constantly adjusted. Dirt can through the described screen-able back-die from the sheet conveying device (35, 36, 37) detection benleiteinrichtung (52) and additional dirt deflection

ser (54) are discharged. About the adhesion of crop residues To prevent the guide rods located in the floor, a disc coulter (85) can be used to clear it away of coarse dirt and crop residues must be connected upstream of the lower guide bar section (53). After passing through the collecting and conveying system (50-54), the beets fall onto a loading device (60-63). This facility is designed as a conveyor system that can be extended as required and is lightweight executed. A side walls (60) which form a screenable conveyor trough runs at a certain distance between them endless conveyor chain (62) provided with driver knobs (61). There are two options for overcharging the transfer device (60-63). Due to the swiveling suspension of the transfer device the beets can be carried in a transport trolley, as well as in a separate transport container next to the harvesting machine through the appropriate Pivoting the transfer device are overloaded.

The beet collecting and conveying device described (50-54) and the beet leaf harvesting device (30-37) can be used separately with other beet harvesters.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

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Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Machine for harvesting beets and beet leaves, consisting of one attached to a tractor or the same frame (10) to be connected, a height-adjustable sheet separating device (30-39), an oscillating beet loosening device (40-45), a beet collecting and transporting device (50-53) and a top loading device, characterized in that the sheet separating device (30-39) consists of a plate knife (33) with a fixed shearbar (34), which is provided by a driver Conveyor chain or the like (35) for the beet leaf is driven, which is suspended with an elastic Guide bracket works together that the Rübenaufsammei- and beet conveyor (50-54) consists of one or more endless chains (50) with ironing grids (51) suspended thereon, which slides along a screenable guide device (52), the guide device (52) being V-shaped or round rods arranged at an angle to the conveying direction with dirt wiping rods (54) is 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection support frame (10) through a height-adjustable support wheel (80) designed as an impeller is guided 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the height regulation of the sheet separating device (33, 34) either by a jockey wheel or by hydraulically operated lifting cylinders from Driver (operator) is made or regulated while driving. 4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet separating device (33,34) so-called Blue lifting rods (30,32} are connected upstream. 5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a preferably shell-shaped oscillating loosening plate [40a) or a oscillating loosening grate (40b) is used as loosening device (40-45). 6. Machine according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the loosening plate (4OaJ or the grate (40b) is suspended from a plurality of adjustable-length oscillating rods (connecting rods). 7. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the beet collecting and conveying system (50-54) is preceded by a dirt-clearing disc coulter (85) 8. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivotable transfer device (60-63) is designed to be screenable and manufactured in what is known as a lightweight construction.