DE3307116A1 - Installation for aeration and temperature control of living and/or working rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation works with variable air flow. In a large part of the regulation range, the room temperature is kept constant in that air is increasingly throttled from a cold channel system (3, 3a) to air outlets (6, 7, 8), when the quantity of heat to be carried off decreases. Before reaching the hygienic minimum air rate, relatively warm air with higher pressure is introduced from a warm channel system (4, 4a) into the air outlets, for which purpose, after a predetermined throttling of the overall flow, closure and throttling members (56) on the air outlets (6, 7, 8) are opened. The advantage results that it is possible to work with as small an air flow as possible and, in the event of the need for a return of heat to the room (10), inexpensive heat can be used. <IMAGE>

Description

Description;

The invention relates to a system for ventilation and temperature control of living and / or work rooms, with relatively warm air ducts (warm ducts) and channels carrying relatively cold air (cold channels) and with air outlets.

In known two-channel systems, the channels are led to a mixing device / that of a room zone or is assigned to a single room. The mixing ratio between cold air is determined by a temperature sensor and hot air set. The disadvantage of such systems is that the amounts of air circulated in the duct system are constant, so that large amounts of air have to be circulated even when there is little need. This creates high Energy costs due to flow losses and mixing losses.

The so-called WS system is also known. It is a single-channel system. In the entire sewer system air flows with a constant temperature, which depends on the room with the greatest heat load, where the temperature of the air is always lower than the desired room temperature, as the heat generated in office rooms due to machines, lighting, people and other things, even during the heating season, is usually higher than the heat

quantities / which are discharged via the room walls. The influencing the room temperature is achieved by controlling the air flow accordingly. With high heat dissipation, a lot has to be done Air can be conveyed, while only a little air is to be conveyed with a lower heat load. However, the amount of air is limited downwards by the so-called hygienic minimum air volume. Is when the minimum airflows are reached If further heating of the room is required, the air is heated with a special heating unit, whereby the entire air flow is guided over a heating register. The energy supplied in the heating register is expensive, in particular when the heat is generated from electrical energy. But also in the case of the use of heating registers, which are heated by warm water, the cost is high because of the relatively high water temperature.

In the case of heating by means of hot water heating systems, considerable system costs are also incurred.

The invention is based on the object of creating a system in which only what is necessary for the respective requirement Amount of air is circulated while maintaining a favorable room air flow and a possible after-heating is possible with cheap energy.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a two-channel system is assumed which is characterized in that is that at least some air outlets (regulating outlets) both to a cold runner and to a hot duct are connected that the outflow cross-section of the regulating outlets is adjustable and there in each hot duct leading to a regulating outlet or in the regulating outlet itself a shut-off and throttling device is arranged to control the inflow of hot air into the regulating outlet.

A system designed in this way is in principle a WS system, since over the largest part of the control range with a variable

Ten constant temperature airflow is worked. Only when the air flow comes close to the minimum air rate is warm air added from the warm duct. The warm air can be brought to the required temperature at low cost, since the heating, unlike in a heating register, can take place at a relatively low temperature level / with return air heat as well can be exploited. As in a WS system, only the required amount of air is used in the system circulated so that lower flow losses occur in comparison with known two-channel systems. Through the Adjustability of the outflow cross section of the regulating outlets it is achieved that the exit speed of the air for all air quantities one for the flow through the room has a favorable size, so that a good ventilation of the room is always guaranteed. Compared with known Two-channel systems, the construction cost is reduced, since there are separate mixing devices for cold air and There is no need for hot air and, on the other hand, the capacity of the hot duct system can be kept much lower (claim 2), so that smaller dimensioned and thus cheaper channels can be used. Advantageous in this regard Relationships are specified in claim 3.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the pressure in the hot duct is greater than that at the inlet to the regulating outlets Pressure in the cold runner (claim 4). Advantageous pressure differences are specified in claim 5. This enables a Particularly simple control, as only the shut-off and throttle element for the hot runner needs to be opened, if additional heat is required without the current from the cold runner also having to be throttled at the same time; Because of the higher pressure in the warm channel, the relatively warm air displaces part of the relatively cold air, so that after opening the warm channel, the total air flow is not significant changes.

It is advantageous to have the air for the hot duct in a heat recovery system warm up, in which the return air is preferably taken and the heat to be introduced into the hot ducts Air is supplied (claim 6). This is why

makes sense because in a larger system there are rooms in which there is an excess of heat also rooms that have to be supplied with heat. . You can in a system according to claim 6, the excess heat use for heating the rooms that need warmth.

The heating is expediently carried out in a plant center (claim 7). But it is also possible to use hot runners to be provided only in certain areas of the system, e.g. on certain floors of a building. This is then makes sense if it is certain that there is always an excess of heat in a coherent group of rooms and only in some parts of a building have to be supplied with heat occasionally or continuously.

Regulating outlets with slot-shaped nozzles are particularly advantageous for implementing the invention 8th). Nozzles of this type can be used particularly well with roller segments or flat slides according to claims 9 and 10 regulate. The invention also includes outlets in which, for example, several shut-off valves are present be closed successively as the air requirement decreases.

The coordination between the outflow volume and the opening or closing of the entry of air from the hot duct can be done without mechanical coupling, for example by electrical means. But you can also do one Provide coupling according to claims 11 and 12. Through this the control effort of the system is particularly low. You can also have several regulating outlets with one Operate the actuator. A tandem drive according to claim 13 is particularly advantageous. The air outlets can also be connected to have known rotary strips, which are then arranged (viewed in the direction of flow) behind the shut-off and throttle element are.

A system according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing. Furthermore, there are various embodiments

of air outlets as they are used in the system. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a plant

for ventilation and temperature control of a building,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of an air outlet,

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through the air outlet according to the line III-III in Fig.'2 in a compared to Fig. 2 enlarged scale, '

4 shows a longitudinal section through the air outlet

o according to the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 in one

compared to Fig. 3 reduced scale,

5 shows a part of a roller segment and its drive shaft,

6 shows a section along line VI-VI in FIG. 5,

7 to 10 are schematic bottom views of a *

slot-shaped air outlet opening at different opening states, the opening cross-section decreases from left to right,

11 to 14 the outlet situations according to the claims 7 to 10 corresponding positions of a roller segment,

15 shows a horizontal section through an air outlet with a roller segment which has control edges arranged in a wedge shape to one another,

16 shows a partial horizontal section through a

Air outlet with a flat slide,

17 shows a vertical section through the air outlet according to FIG. 16 along the line XVII-XVII in Fig. 16 and

18 is a diagram showing the mixing ratio of cold duct air and warm duct air at ver

different total air volumes is shown.

In Fig. 1, system elements arranged within a climate control center are within a dash-dotted frame 1 shown. In the following, this reference number will also be used for the air conditioning center. Within a Another dash-dotted frame 2 are drawn system parts that are installed in rooms to be ventilated.

The system has a cold air system with a main cold channel 3 and a warm air system with a main warm duct 4. The main cold duct 3 is connected to each air outlet. Four air outlets 5 to 8 are shown. The air outlet 5 can be a conventional air outlet for a WS system correspond, while the air outlets 6, 7 and 8 are hereinafter referred to as regulating outlets, which have two connections, while the air outlet 5 has only one air connection. Although the air outlet 5 Regarding the amount of air can be regulated, in the following only those with a hot duct connection should be used Air outlets 6, 7, 8 are referred to as regulating outlets.

A cold duct 3a, which is connected to each of the air outlets 5 to 8, branches off from the main cold duct. From the main warm channel 4 branches off a warm duct 4a which is only connected to each of the air outlets 6, 7 and 8.

From the rooms 9 and 10 to be air-conditioned, air is released via a return air duct 11 via a main return air line 12 returned to the climate control center 1. To maintain

the flow in the main return air duct 12 is a fan 13 is provided, which is preceded by a silencer 14. The return air is led to a heat exchanger 15, in from which heat is extracted from the return air and transferred to the supply air. The supply air flows through a fan 16, according to the arrow 17 in the air conditioning center 1 and is heated there in the heat exchanger 15, in one Filter 17 filtered, heated in a heater 18, humidified in a washer 19 or in a cooler 20 again chilled down. The fan 16 is followed by a silencer 25a.

For summer operation, part of the supply air flow can be branched off via a duct 21 and via a filter 22 as well a heater 23 are performed. A mixture can also be used for winter operation and for operation in transitional periods take place by air from the channels 21 and 21a. The air in the main hot duct 4 is conveyed by a fan 24, which is followed by a silencer 25.

The line cross section of the cold runner system 3, 3 ¹ is preferably substantially larger than the cross section of the hot runner system 4, 4a. While 100% of the highest air requirement can be conveyed in the cold runner system, it is sufficient, for example, if only 10% of the highest air volume can be conveyed in the warm runner system. In the return air duct system, on the other hand, 100% of the total amount of air must be able to be conveyed again.

The following is the nature of the regulating outlets 6, 7, 8 viewed with reference to FIGS. 2 to 17.

The regulating outlet according to FIGS. 2 to 4 has a cuboid Box 26 on which there is a connecting piece 27 for a cold air duct and another connecting piece 28 for a warm air duct is located. On the underside 26a of the box 26 there is a slot-shaped outlet opening 29 to which a short vertical channel 30 is attached.

closes, in which a rotating strip 31, possibly consisting of several pieces, is held. In the turning bar 31 there is a slot 32 which acts as a nozzle. The air jet direction can be changed by rotating the bar 31 will.

A roller segment 33 is located above the outlet opening arranged. The roller segment is non-rotatably connected to a shaft 34 which is mounted in the box 26. A shaft end is led out of the box and coupled to a servomotor 35 at its protruding end. The roller segment has a stepped control edge 36. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the control edge has three to each other and Partial edges 36a, 36b, 36c which are parallel to the slot 29 and project into points as seen in FIG. 3.

A lever 37 is connected non-rotatably to the shaft 34. At the end of the lever 37 a rod 38 is articulated, the other The end is connected to a shut-off and throttle valve 40 via a joint 39. The throttle valve 40 is firmly connected to a shaft 41 which is rotatably mounted in the connecting piece 28.

Fig. 4 illustrates that the rotating bar 31 can be divided into several sections; in Fig. 4 are five sections shown. The roller segment 33 can also consist of several identical sections that are a little Sitting on the shaft 34 rotated against each other.

4 and 5 show that the roller segment 33 can be a plastic part. For non-rotatable. Connection of the Roller segment with the shaft 34, the shaft according to FIGS. 5 and 6 has radial projections 34a, which are in the plastic intervention.

7 to 14 illustrate the mode of operation of the roller segment 33. It is in the state according to FIGS the roller segment 33 is in such a position,

that the outlet opening 29 is open over its entire length. In Fig. 7 this is shown in that all five Sections 29a to 29e are free from hatching. In the state according to FIGS. 8 to 12, the roller segment is opposite 11 pivoted clockwise through a certain angle. In this position, the middle section 29c of the outlet opening is closed (shown in Fig. 8 by hatching). With further pivoting (Fig. 9, 13) "will also the section 29b is covered and finally with a further pivoting of the roller segment clockwise also the section 29d (Figs. 10, 14). The sections 29a and 29e remain open even then. Fig. 3 shows the state which corresponds to FIGS. 10 and 14.

The position according to FIGS. 3 and 10, 14 is required for the Minimum airflows optimal. Until this position is reached the flap 40 always remains closed in the warm air duct, so that no warm air can enter the box 26. For feeding of warm air, after the sections 29b, 29c, 29d have been closed, the flap 40 in the warm air duct opens without affecting the outflow cross-section the air passage (sections 29a, 29e) is still changed. The supply of warm air can be done gradually opening the flap 40 can be enlarged. In this state, the flap 40 is almost completely open, so that over the nozzle 28 penetrate air from the hot duct into the box 26 can. The pressure in the connection 28 is greater than in the connection 27, through which air enters from the cold runner, so that the relatively cold air is partly displaced by the relatively warm air entering at higher pressure.

When the outlet opening 29 is fully open (FIGS. 7, 11), the roller segment 33 is located in the dashed line in FIG. 3 drawn position. The flap 40 is then closed and no warm air can enter the box 26.

A slack can be built into the linkage 37, 38, with which it is achieved that the opening of the flap 40 only begins when the opening 29 is largely closed. The non-closable parts 29a and 29e of the outlet opening have such a large cross-section that the hygienic

The minimum air rate required for local reasons can still flow out can.

15 shows a regulating outlet with a roller segment 42 which has a wedge-shaped control edge 43. The control edge 43 again cooperates with a slot-shaped outlet opening 44. The length I _{1 of} the roller segment 42 is half as large as the length I _{2 of} the regulating outlet as a whole. Relatively cold air is supplied via a large connection piece 45 and relatively warm air via a smaller connection piece 46.

The roller segment is rotated by means of a servomotor 47. The servomotor also serves to drive a shaft 48, which leads into a further regulating outlet 49, which is formed identically can be like the regulating outlet described last. A single servomotor 47 is therefore used to operate two Regulating outlets are used, as in the diagram according to Pig. 1 using the example of regulating outlets 6 and is shown schematically.

When looking at Fig. 15 is readily clear that the outlet 44 by rotation of the roller segment 42 successively can be closed continuously. At maximum closure, half of the air outlet is covered, while in both End areas of the air outlet are left unclosed sections. In the case of the air outlet according to FIG. 15, one is not either The closure flap shown in the connection piece 46 is coupled to the roller segment 42.

The regulating outlet according to FIGS. 16 and 17 again has a box 50, in the bottom 50a of which a slot-shaped outlet opening 51 is arranged. A flat slide is on the bottom 50a 52 slidable, which has a stepped control edge 53 with the sections 53a, 53b and 53c. On the flat slide 53 engages an adjusting rod 54, with which the flat slide 52 is parallel to the floor according to the double arrow can be moved.

16 and 17 show a position of the flat slide, in which the control edge 23b has already passed over the outlet opening 51, so that the outlet opening partially is locked. The control edges 53a, 53c are already partially

migrated into the outlet opening 51. Even with one A stepless or stepwise closing of an outlet opening 51 can be produced. The flat slide can be coupled via a suitable linkage with a flap with which the influx of relatively warm air is controlled. .

Fig. 18 illustrates the operation of the plant.

.. With a maximum air supply of 100%, so be for the circumstances Assumed in a certain room, only air is supplied from the cold air duct. With decreasing air requirement the air outlets are throttled, but only air from the cold runner system is still supplied. This kind of Regulation is maintained until about 3/4 of the entire regulation range has been passed through. If the Air from the warm channel system is added to the air flow, which is shown in FIG. 18 by a field with narrow hatching is. The proportion of relatively warm air increases more and more until the minimum air flow rate is reached, the one shown in Case is slightly more than 50% of the maximum air volume.

The adjustment of the air outlets is preferably carried out as a function from a room thermostat that tries to keep the temperature in the room constant. With decreasing excess heat the supply of cold duct air is increasingly throttled without warm air being supplied. If now the temperature threatens to drop further, a further throttling is no longer possible without that which is necessary for hygienic reasons The minimum rate is not reached. In order to keep the "room temperature" at the setpoint, warm air is used fed. This type of regulation is possible when the task in general is to heat a room to dissipate. This is the rule in large office spaces, where the amount of heat generated is greater than that even during the heating season

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Heat loss. The invention makes it possible to use the lowest possible purity circulated air tightness, like that with WS system per se is the case, however, the disadvantage of this system, namely the need under certain circumstances supplying very expensive energy is avoided.

In Fig. 1, a space 9 is shown in which under operating conditions is worked, under which there is always excess heat. The air outlet 5 is therefore not required to be of a different nature than in usual WS systems.

Room 10, on the other hand, has such a changing heat load that that it happens that the minimum air flow would be undershot, if the temperature is only with the supply of cold runner air should be kept constant. In Fig. 1 is shown schematically at a closure and throttle member, which corresponds, for example, to the shutter 40 in the air outlet of Figs. In the schematic representation According to Fig. 1, closure members 57, 58, 59 are indicated schematically at the air outlets 6, 7, 8, with which a partial Closing the total of 60 designated air outlet is possible.

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Claims (14)

Expectations; 10 1.) System for ventilation and temperature control of living and working rooms, with ducts carrying relatively warm air (Hot ducts) and ducts carrying relatively cold air (cold ducts) and with air outlets, characterized in that that at least some air outlets (6, 7, 8, 49) (regulating outlets) both to a cold duct (3a) as are also connected to a warm channel (4a) that the outflow cross-section (29; 44; 51) of the regulating outlets (5, 6, 7, 49) is adjustable and that in each to a regulating outlet (5, 6, 7, 49) leading warm channel (3a) or in the regulating outlet (5, 6, 7, 49) itself a shut-off and throttle element (56; 40) for controlling the inflow of Warm duct air is arranged in the regulating outlet (5, 6, 7, 49). 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the
The conveying capacity of the cold channels (3, 3a) is significantly greater than the conveying capacity of the hot channels (4, 4a). 3. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the conveying capacity of the cold runners (3, 3a) 10 times to 20 times is as large as the conveying capacity of the hot runners (4, 4a), preferably about 15 times as large. 4. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure in the warm channel (4a) is greater than that at the inlet to the regulating outlets (6, 7, 8, 49)
Pressure in the cold runner (3a). 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure in the hot channel (4a) 10 mbar to 50 mbar, preferably
is approx. 20 mbar higher than in the cold runner (3a). 6. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot ducts start from a heat recovery system, in which preferably from return air
Heat is removed and the amount to be introduced into the hot ducts
Air is supplied. 7. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot ducts (4, 4a) start from a climate control center in which a heating device (23) and / or a heat recovery layer is or are arranged. 8. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each regulating outlet (6, 7, 8, 49) has a slot-shaped nozzle (60; 29; 44; 51) which has a closure and throttle member (57, 58, 59; 33; 42; 52) for
stepless or stepwise partial closing of the
Nozzle (60; 29; 44; 51) is assigned. 9. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the closure member is a roller segment (33) or a flat slide (52) is the one sloping (43) or stepped Has edge (36; 53). 10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the roller segment (42) or the flat slide has a wedge-shaped edge (43) and preferably in such a center is arranged on the nozzle (44) that in each position of the roller segment (42) or the flat slide on both sides the same length unsealed nozzle sections remain (Fig. 15). 11. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an adjusting mechanism (37, 38) for changing the outflow cross-section with the shut-off and throttle element (40) is coupled in such a way that this organ (40) is opened when the outflow cross-section is reduced to a certain minimum size. 12. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that a linkage (37, 38) is used for coupling, which the roller segment (33) or the flat slide (52) with the shut-off and throttle device, which is preferably designed as a flap (40) connects. 13. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged for two in line Regulating outlets (6, 7; 49) a common actuator arranged between the two regulating outlets (6, 7; 49) (M; 47) is provided, which preferably drives an actuating shaft (48) on which a roller segment (42) follows one of claims 9 to 12 sits. 14. Plant according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that that the slot nozzle, seen in the direction of flow, behind the device for changing the outflow cross-section arranged rotary strip (31), in which there is a nozzle slot (32) and which has a change the orientation of the nozzle slot.