DE3248567A1 - Process for the purification of flue gases, preferably from coal power stations - Google Patents

Process for the purification of flue gases, preferably from coal power stations

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Publication number
DE3248567A1
DE3248567A1 DE19823248567 DE3248567A DE3248567A1 DE 3248567 A1 DE3248567 A1 DE 3248567A1 DE 19823248567 DE19823248567 DE 19823248567 DE 3248567 A DE3248567 A DE 3248567A DE 3248567 A1 DE3248567 A1 DE 3248567A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
flue gas
dust
desulphurisation
electrostatic precipitator
convert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19823248567
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Heribert Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Dewert
Heinrich Ing.(grad.) 4600 Dortmund Gresch
Heinz Dipl.-Ing. Hölter
Heinrich Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Igelbüscher
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19823248567 priority Critical patent/DE3248567A1/en
Priority to DE19833300490 priority patent/DE3300490A1/en
Priority to DE19833312978 priority patent/DE3312978A1/en
Publication of DE3248567A1 publication Critical patent/DE3248567A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/013—Conditioning by chemical additives, e.g. with SO3
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/019—Post-treatment of gases

Abstract

In order to make superfluous a feed of SO3 in the flue gas stream prior to the electrostatic precipitator for the achievement of the desired clean gas parameters, and yet still achieve the desired separation efficiency and, moreover, at the same time to utilise the abundantly available alkaline dust from the flue gases prior to the dust removal for the binding of SO2 in a flue gas desulphurisation plant, it is proposed according to the invention that the flue gas is first passed to a wet flue gas desulphurisation system and the exhaust gas purified here from dust and other pollutants, such as SO2 etc., is passed to an electrostatic precipitator provided downstream, without additional SO3 feed, and the waste gas purified in this manner, preferably without reheating, is transferred, preferably as a vortex, to a cooling tower air stream. The flue gas desulphurisation device provided immediately after the boiler preferably has at the same time an oxidation zone, in order to convert Ca(HSO3)2 into CaSO4 . 2H2O by feeding in air and by addition of more than the stoichiometric amount of air to convert a portion of the residual sulphur dioxide, still remaining in the flue gas after desulphurisation, by post-oxidation to give sulphur trioxide (SO3), in order to achieve a maximum degree of separation of the electrostatic precipitator.

Description

3eschreibung und Erläuterung zur Patentanmeldung3 Description and explanation of the patent application

"Verfahren zur Reinigung von Rauchgasen vorzugsweise hinter Eohlekraftwerkent? Es ist bekannt, das Abgas aus vorzugsweise Kohlekraftwerken durch den Einbau von Elektrofiltern staubfrei zu bekommen und nach der Entstaubung durch Sinschaltung einer Rauchgasentschwefelungs anlage zu reinigen, anschließend über Wärmetauscher oder durch Einsatz von Brennkammern wieder aufzuheizen und mit einer Abgastemperatur von etwa vorzugsweise oberhalb 8000 in den Kamin abzugeben."Process for cleaning flue gases, preferably behind Eohlekraftwerkent? It is known that the exhaust gas from preferably coal-fired power plants by the installation of To get electrostatic precipitators dust-free and after dedusting by switching on a flue gas desulphurisation system, then using a heat exchanger or by using combustion chambers to heat them up again and with an exhaust gas temperature from about preferably above 8000 in the chimney.

Es ist weiterhin bekannt, das Abgas hinter Kraftwerken mit einem Elektrofilter zu entstauben und dann das in etwa noch mit 50 mg Staub belastete Abgas einer .Rau.chgasentschwefelungsanlage, die in einem Kühlturm eingebaut ist, zu übergeben, um hier das S02 auszuwaschen und das von Staub und SO2 gereinigte, abgekühlte Rauchgas mit etwa 55°C dem Kühlturmaufwind zuzuführen, wobei bei Naßkühltüren der Aufwind ein etwa 21-fach höheres Volumen besitzt als das gereinigte Rauchgas aus den Kessel.It is also known that the exhaust gas behind power plants with an electrostatic precipitator to dedust and then the exhaust gas from a. in the a cooling tower is installed, to be handed over to the S02 to wash out and the cleaned of dust and SO2, cooled flue gas with about 55 ° C to supply the cooling tower updraft, whereby with wet cooling doors the updraft is about Has a 21 times higher volume than the cleaned flue gas from the boiler.

Vielfach gibt es Schwierigkeiten bei der Staubabscheidung mittels Elektrofilter - die gewünschten Reingaswerte von kleiner 50 mg lassen sich vielfach r dadurch erreichen, daß SO3 dem Abgas zugeimpft werden muß.In many cases there are difficulties in separating dust by means of Electrostatic precipitator - the desired clean gas values of less than 50 mg can be achieved in many ways R can be achieved by adding SO3 to the exhaust gas.

Um diese SO3-Z'uführung in den Rauchgasstrom vor dem Elektrofilter nicht notwendig zu machen und trotzdem die gewünschte Abscheideleistung zu erzielen und um weiterhin g:i.e.chzeitig ?en vielfach vorhandenen al kalischen Staub aus den Rauchgasen vor der Entstaubung zur Einbindung von S02 in der RauchFasentschwefelungsanlage zu nutzen, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, das Verfahren wie folgt zur Entstaubung und Abgasentschwefelung und Beseitigung von NOx und weiteren Schadstoffen aufzubauen.Around this SO3 feed into the flue gas flow upstream of the electrostatic precipitator not necessary and still achieve the desired separation efficiency and in order to continue to erode the abundant alkaline dust the flue gases before dedusting to integrate S02 in the flue fiber desulphurisation system to use, is according to the invention suggested the procedure like follows for dedusting and exhaust gas desulphurisation and removal of NOx and others Build up pollutants.

In der beiliegenden Skizze ist dargestellt: mit (1) der Kraftwerkskessel, mit (2) die Rauchgasentschwefelung, mit. (3) der Elektrofilter, mit (2W) der kühlturm, Lrfindungsgemäß wird das Rauchgas mit dem gesamten mitgeführten Staub ohne Einschaltung eines E.-Filters direkt einer nassen Rauchgasentschwefelung zugeführt.The attached sketch shows: with (1) the power plant boiler, with (2) the flue gas desulfurization, with. (3) the electrostatic precipitator, with (2W) the cooling tower, According to the invention, the flue gas with all of the dust carried along is switched off without being switched on of an E. filter fed directly to a wet flue gas desulphurisation system.

In der Entschwefelungsanlage wird neben der Sorption von S03 und S02 auch der vom Rauchgas mitgeführte staub weitestgehend abgeschieden bis auf einen Reststaubgehalt, der durch einen Niederdruckwäscher nicht abgeschieden werden kann.In addition to the sorption of S03 and S02 The dust carried along by the flue gas was also largely separated except for one Residual dust content that cannot be separated by a low pressure scrubber.

Da der Staub, vorzugsweise hinter Kohlenkraftwerken, einen Anteil an Alkalien enthält, die in der Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlage als Sorptionsmittel genutzt werden, können somit von den Additivzusatzmengen wie Weißfeinkalk, Kalkhydrat, Kalksteinmehl usw. Because the dust, preferably behind coal-fired power stations, has a share of alkalis, which are used as sorbents in the flue gas desulphurisation system can therefore be used from the additive quantities such as white fine lime, hydrated lime, Limestone powder, etc.

dem Alkaligehalt des Staubes entsprechende Mengen eingespart werden.the alkali content of the dust corresponding amounts can be saved.

Das SO2 im Rauchgas wird von der Waschlösung sorbiert und liegt gelöst als Ca(HSO3)2 vor. Nach der Weschphase im oxidativen und nachgeschalteten neutralen Rereich wird das lösliche Ca(HSO3)2 zu unlöslichem Calciumsulfatdihydrat (CaSO4. 2H2O) gewandelt.The SO2 in the flue gas is sorbed by the scrubbing solution and is dissolved as Ca (HSO3) 2. After the washing phase in the oxidative and downstream neutral The soluble Ca (HSO3) 2 becomes rich in insoluble calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4. 2H2O) converted.

Im nachgeschalteten Elektrofilter (3) werden die noch nach der Rauchgasentschwefelung im Rauchgas verbliebenen Reststäube entfernt. In the downstream electrostatic precipitator (3) the are still after the flue gas desulphurisation residual dust remaining in the flue gas is removed.

Das im Reingasteil, nach der Entschwedelung, durch Nachoxidation einer Teilmenge des im fauchgas verbliebenen Schwefeldioxids gebildete Schwefeltrioxid (SOx") garantiert einen hohen Abscheidegrad der Reststaubmenge im Elektrofilter (3).That in the clean gas section, after the deforestation, through post-oxidation of a Part of the sulfur trioxide formed in the flue gas (SOx ") guarantees a high degree of separation of the residual dust in the electrostatic precipitator (3).

Das so gereinigte Rauchgas kann ohne Wiederaufheizung in einen Kühlturm dem Kühlturmaufwindstrorl zugeführt werden.The flue gas cleaned in this way can be put into a cooling tower without reheating are fed to the cooling tower updraft.

Das in der nassen Rauchgasentschwefelung anfallende Gemisch, bestehend aus abgeschiedenem Staub und Ca"C4 . 2H2O kann über ein Trommelvakuumfilter entwässert und einer Deponie oder einem anderen Verwendungszweck (z.B. als Bergbau-Dammbaustoff oder Verfüllmaterial von susgekohlten Gruben wie Braunkohlengruben und dergleichen) zugeführt werden.The mixture resulting from the wet flue gas desulphurization, consisting The separated dust and Ca "C4. 2H2O can be dehydrated through a drum vacuum filter and a landfill or other use (e.g. as mining dam building material or backfill material from coal-fired pits such as lignite pits and the like) are fed.

Die Filterasche aus dem Elektrofilter (3) kenn, ie bisher üb ich, als Zuschlagstoff für die Zementindustrie, als Straßenbau-und Wegezuschlagstoff usw.The filter ash from the electrostatic precipitator (3) know, as I have so far, as an aggregate for the cement industry, as a road construction and road aggregate etc.

Verwendung finden.Find use.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße unordnung der Gasreinigungsschritte muß nicht, wie bisher erforderlich, teilweise ein ein- bis zu 5-zelliger Elektrofilter genommen werden, um die hohen Staubbelastungen des Rauchgasstromes unter 50 mg/Nm3 zu drücken, sondern durch die Vorabscheidung eines Rauchgasentschwefelungssystems, vorzugsweise Naßwäscher.Due to the disorder of the gas cleaning steps according to the invention got to not, as previously required, sometimes a one to five-cell electrostatic precipitator be taken to avoid the high dust levels of the flue gas flow below 50 mg / Nm3 to press, but by the pre-separation of a flue gas desulphurisation system, preferably wet scrubbers.

ist die Gewähr egeben, daß der Staub durch die Rauchgasentschwefelungseinrichtung in etws größer 90 ) verringert wird, und somit kann e wesentlich preiswerterer z.B. 3-zelliger E.-Filter je um größer 90 % verminderte Staubinenge im ent-@chwefelten Rauchgas bei Anwesenheit von SO3 durch Nachoxidation im Reingasteil der REA gut auf z.B.is a guarantee that the dust will pass through the flue gas desulphurisation device in about 90) is reduced, and thus e can be much cheaper e.g. 3-cell E. filter each by more than 90% reduced amount of dust in the desulphurized Flue gas in the presence of SO3 due to post-oxidation in the clean gas section of the FGD is good on e.g.

kleiner 50 mg abscheiden.separate less than 50 mg.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die vorstehend im einzelnen dargestellte und beschriebene Ausbildungsform beschrankt, sondern es sind zahlreiche Abänderungen möglich, ohne jedoch von unseren Gedanken abzuweichen, das Rauchgas eines @chlekraftwerkes, z.B. Stein- oder Braunkohle, nicht zuerst durch einen Elektrofilter zu reinigen, sondern durch einen Naßwäscher einer Rauchgasentschwefelung zuzuführen, indem 1) die beinhalteten alkalien des freigesetzten taubcs aus dem Feuerungsraum zur Schadstoffeinbindung genutzt werden und durch Zuführung h von Restmengen an kalkstein, Veissfeinkalk oder Kalkhydrat der Entschwefelungsgrad bestimmt erden kann, wobei vorzugsweise durch die Zuführung von Luft im Oxidations- und Neutralisationsbereich des Waschsystems das beim Waschvorgang gebildete Ca(HSO3)2 in CaSO4 . 2H2O gewandelt wird und im nachgeschalteten Reingasteil der Rauchgasentschwefelung, jedoch vor dem lektrofilter (3) durch Nachoxidation SO3 gebildet wird, das für eine hervorragende Abcheidung des Reststaubes ohne Zuführung von zusätzlichem SO3 sorgt, um dann das Gas vorzugsweise ohne Wiederaufheizung einem Kühlturm Luftstrom verwirbelt zu übergeben.Of course, the invention is not limited to the above in detail The form of training shown and described is limited, but there are numerous Changes possible without deviating from our thoughts, the smoke gas one @chlekraftwerkes, e.g. hard coal or lignite, not first to be cleaned by an electrostatic precipitator, but by a wet scrubber of a flue gas desulphurisation to be added by 1) the alkalis contained in the released deaf cells from the Combustion chamber can be used to bind pollutants and by supplying h of Residual amounts of limestone, Veiss fine lime or hydrated lime determine the degree of desulphurisation can be grounded, preferably by the supply of air in the oxidation and neutralization area the washing system converts the Ca (HSO3) 2 into CaSO4 formed during the washing process. 2H2O converted is and in the downstream clean gas section of the flue gas desulfurization, but before the electrofilter (3) is formed by post-oxidation SO3, which is excellent Separation of the residual dust without the addition of additional SO3 ensures that the To transfer gas to a cooling tower in a swirled air stream, preferably without reheating.

- Leerseite -- blank page -

Claims (1)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e: Anspruch 1 Verfahren zur Rauchgasreinigung hinter Kohlekraftwerten dadurch gekennzeichnet, daS das Rauchgas zuerst einem nassen Rauchgasentschwefeiungssystem zugeführt wird und das hier von Staub und anderen Schadstoffen wie O usw. gereinigte abgas einem nachgeschalteten Elektrofilter zugeführt wird, ohne zusätzliche SO-uSührung, und das so gereinigte Abgas vorzugsweise ohne Wiederaufheizung einem Kühlturm-Luftstrom vorzugsweise verwirbelt übergeben Wird.P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e: Claim 1 method for flue gas cleaning behind coal power values characterized in that the flue gas is first a wet one Rauchgasentschwefeiungssystem is fed and here from dust and others Pollutants such as O etc. cleaned exhaust gas is fed to a downstream electrostatic precipitator is, without additional SO-uSuction, and the exhaust gas cleaned in this way preferably without Reheating is passed to a cooling tower air stream, preferably swirled. Anspruch 2 Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unmittelbar dem Kessel nachgeschaltete Rauchgasentschwefelungseinrichtung gleichzeitig vorzugsweise eine Oxidationszone hat, um durch Zuführung von Luft Ca(HSO3)2 in CaSO4 . 2E20 zu wandeln und mit dem überstöchiometrischen Luftzusatz eine Teilmenge des nach der Entschwefelung im Rauchgas noch verbliebenen Restmenge an Schwefeldioxid durch Nachoxidation in Schwefeltrioxid (~05") zu wandeln, um einen maximalen hbscheidegrad des E.-Filters zu erreichen.Claim 2 method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Flue gas desulphurisation device directly downstream of the boiler at the same time preferably has an oxidation zone in order to convert Ca (HSO3) 2 into CaSO4 . 2E20 to convert and with the overstoichiometric air addition one Part of the remaining amount in the flue gas after desulfurization To convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide (~ 05 ") by post-oxidation in order to achieve a to achieve the maximum degree of separation of the E. filter.
DE19823248567 1982-12-30 1982-12-30 Process for the purification of flue gases, preferably from coal power stations Ceased DE3248567A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823248567 DE3248567A1 (en) 1982-12-30 1982-12-30 Process for the purification of flue gases, preferably from coal power stations
DE19833300490 DE3300490A1 (en) 1982-12-30 1983-01-08 Flue gas desulphurisation with 2-stage separation, the 2nd stage being a wet electrostatic precipitator operated under alkaline conditions
DE19833312978 DE3312978A1 (en) 1982-12-30 1983-04-12 Flue gas purification, preferably for fossil power stations, having two electrostatic precipitators and a flue gas purification plant arranged between the electrostatic precipitators

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823248567 DE3248567A1 (en) 1982-12-30 1982-12-30 Process for the purification of flue gases, preferably from coal power stations

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DE3248567A1 true DE3248567A1 (en) 1984-07-05

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1457091A1 (en) * 1964-09-18 1969-10-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for increasing the degree of separation of electrostatic dust collectors
DE2321881A1 (en) * 1972-08-01 1974-02-14 Asahi Glass Co Ltd PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SULFUR OXYDES FROM COMBUSTION GASES
DE2549896A1 (en) * 1974-11-06 1976-05-13 Sumitomo Chemical Co PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING NITROGEN OXIDES FROM EXHAUST GAS
DE2509788A1 (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-09-16 Heinz Hoelter Gas purification to remote sulphur dioxide - with calcium cpds in presence of sulphuric and other acids to prevent deposition of calcium carbonate
DE2735812A1 (en) * 1975-08-28 1979-02-22 Heinz Hoelter Additives recovery from incinerator exhausts - using cooling stage after electrostatic precipitator to condense out and recycle additives
DE2744324A1 (en) * 1977-10-01 1979-04-19 Heinz Hoelter Desulphurised flue gases neutralisation - by adding ammonia before feeding to water cooling tower
DE3018815A1 (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-11-26 Vereinigte Saar-Elektrizitäts-Aktiensgesellschaft, 6600 Saarbrücken METHOD FOR CONDITIONING SMOKE GAS FOR THE SEPARATION OF FLUE DUST IN THE ELECTROFILTER

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1457091A1 (en) * 1964-09-18 1969-10-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for increasing the degree of separation of electrostatic dust collectors
DE2321881A1 (en) * 1972-08-01 1974-02-14 Asahi Glass Co Ltd PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SULFUR OXYDES FROM COMBUSTION GASES
DE2509788A1 (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-09-16 Heinz Hoelter Gas purification to remote sulphur dioxide - with calcium cpds in presence of sulphuric and other acids to prevent deposition of calcium carbonate
DE2549896A1 (en) * 1974-11-06 1976-05-13 Sumitomo Chemical Co PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING NITROGEN OXIDES FROM EXHAUST GAS
DE2735812A1 (en) * 1975-08-28 1979-02-22 Heinz Hoelter Additives recovery from incinerator exhausts - using cooling stage after electrostatic precipitator to condense out and recycle additives
DE2744324A1 (en) * 1977-10-01 1979-04-19 Heinz Hoelter Desulphurised flue gases neutralisation - by adding ammonia before feeding to water cooling tower
DE3018815A1 (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-11-26 Vereinigte Saar-Elektrizitäts-Aktiensgesellschaft, 6600 Saarbrücken METHOD FOR CONDITIONING SMOKE GAS FOR THE SEPARATION OF FLUE DUST IN THE ELECTROFILTER

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