DE3226405A1 - Machine for the production of frictional heat - Google Patents

Abstract

In the machine according to the invention for the production of frictional heat, the aim is substantially to improve the proportion of technical outlay to the result, especially as regards the thermodynamic efficiency, in comparison with the known heat generators. This is achieved according to the invention by the suitable choice of material of the friction bodies which slide against each other under a controllable pressure, one body with high heat conductivity having an optimally smooth, closed and hard sliding surface, while the revolving counter-body has the lowest possible heat conductivity and is provided with a sliding layer preferably consisting of a dense felt of organic or synthetic fibres. In this way, wear of the frictional surfaces could be practically eliminated, as was shown by fatigue tests, the quantity of heat delivered with a very high efficiency obviously being attributable to internal friction in the boundary layers between the frictional surfaces. The useful heat produced is conducted away in an advantageous manner by a medium, e.g. water, flowing through the carrier of the hard slide layer, the relative motion of which is equal to zero. The frictional bodies can be moved relative to each other in a linear or rotary manner.

Description

Hasebin · to generate frictional heat

The invention concerns itself with the production of a machine from frictional heat, with surfaces moving relative to one another two friction bodies slide on each other under controllable pressure load and the resulting heat from a «the friction body The medium flowing around is absorbed and diverted

The effect sought in such machines is known to be based on an increase in the Bxownian thermal movements of the atoms or molecules of a substance. As in any newer one Physics book runs is the temperature of a body, the kinetic and potential stored in the molecules Energy proportional, so that the temperature is a direct measure is for the internal energy of a molecular system. This inner As is well known, the temperature of the substance can be increased by friction, with some of the mechanical energy expended for overcoming the frictional resistance on the sliding surfaces is used up, so that the supplied energy in the As a rule, it is much greater than the heat energy that can be drawn off at the friction points. This difference is approximately the effect of wear or proportional to the material removing work

In the sense of the current endeavors, energy converting facilities as quickly as possible with regard to their function and use

File 3001 (a) - 6 -

tional training, various proposed solutions for machines of the type mentioned have become known, in which it is possible to reduce the energy loss or wear of the friction surfaces as well as uncontrolled Wilrmo radiation so far that a stubborn system is achieved, the efficiency of which makes practical use » eight It is well known that the internal stored heat energy of a substance depends on the degree of massing or the total number of molecules per roughness unit and their specific internal degree of freedom, which is documented in the state of aggregation. Offer solids for excitation of Molekolbewegungen by friction, the optimum conditions for the energy conversion. On the other hand, there is the disadvantage of high frictional wear, the consequences of which have already been mentioned.

So far one has been content with it, for the conversion of energy To use liquids as heat transfer media, their internal heat being increased by strong vortex movements of the liquid shall be. Admittedly, this could reduce the disadvantageous wear losses largely avoided; however, since the specific molecular substance of a liquid is several times less than with solids, the desired elevation of the internal heat energy of liquids can only be achieved with very little Achieve growth rates. The liquid particles must therefore be transported in a large volume of the meter at a very high speed can be moved against each other in a usable amount of time

File 3001 (e) - 7 -

by initoro Roibung oino additional amount of heat from technical to generate usable GrOBo. The »is based on that with the loose molecular structure in liquids the probability or frequency of the generating the heat Molecular collisions are much lower than with solids, so a part of the drive ventilation only doses for the intensive air circulation Detection of as many molecules as possible in the liquid is required · These conditions require a great deal of mechanics and spatial expenditure, so that the economic balance sheet such systems still appear to be in need of improvement "

The object of the invention was therefore to create a machine for converting energy in the sense of the type discussed, which with a ·) conceivably low spatial and technical expenditure guarantees an optimal implementation efficiency and thus makes a valuable contribution to the national economy can · The most favorable prerequisite was the solid material as the heat transfer medium, so that the invention in particular ■ with the solution to the wear problem and a) favorable thermal behavior of the heat transfer medium »had to deal with ·

The said task will.

by the means according to the invention specified in the claims found in a usable way «As exact long-term tests have shown is also in the range of higher relative speeds and increase friction pressures the wear on the sliding surfaces «zero, whereby a decisive advantage of the invention is achieved «

File 3001 (o) - 8 -

This decisive effect is based on the fact that the microscopically smooth sliding surface causes a hetero-erosion The effect between the sliding surfaces could be completely eliminated.Hit the same means, the equally important effect was achieved, that the supplied kinetic energy in the smooth counter surface a very large part of the molecules per unit area and thus the internal temperature of this sliding layer, e.g. a metal layer, intensively in a short time can increase and save

The very rapidly growing amount of internal heat can be dissipated quickly and in a controlled manner by the heat absorption of the cooling circuit, since the thickness of the partition between the coolant and the hard sliding surface is only measured according to its strength and is made of a highly thermally conductive material, preferably metal or glass ceramic rapid carbon effect know the temperatures occurring on the soft counter-sliding surface are kept so low that the soft sliding layer material remains undamaged even under high loads and the heat loss due to radiation can be minimized.The desired effect is further promoted by the elasticity of this sliding layer, because this results in the ensured vullig full contact of this layer to the hard counter surface is · this can be detected, an efficiency can be achieved in energy conversion, much htther is "is at ά · η known machines ·

Further advantages of the invention result in relation to the dispensed Heat quantity compared to the known machines very little technical effort and space requirement. This is the inventive Machine, in the sense of high economic importance, has a wide field of application in the energy

File 3001 (a) - 9 -

Change opened up. Di applies e.g. to the conversion of smaller, not directly usable aechonic energies in «in · versatile higher storable space energy

gie, or di · possibility of heating systems through the use of ven 5

WSraekraftaaschinen as a drive ait WOrae to supply, whereby

the cooling water circulation of the motor in the Reibüngsaaschine can be fully exploited and thereby a higher utilization efficiency of the engine can be achieved.

Other favorable possible uses of the invention Machine result at BreasstHnd for engines «sw · bei Systems for room heating or air conditioning can be controlled by the Air flow directly through the heat dissipating zone of the

Friction sowing machine and set to a pre-determinable tea temperature

be heated economically · In this a Z «saaaenhang is also to mention the noiseless «operation of the machine.

The simple and clear mechanics and function of the invention The machine also enables the arrangement of several frictional pairings with a common drive and a single coherent circuit of water dissipating Mediuas, whereby a problem-free adaptation to the roughness is possible, since the There are practically no restrictions on the size of the machine

A layering of the sliding surfaces would be obvious and for the Function dos systeas not disadvantageous. The long-term trials have has shown, however, that a layering to avoid a

File 3001 (q) - 10 -

Schleisses on is not necessary i * t · On the other hand, oino dOnno layer of thin fluid oil between the friction surfaces
Wash off or envelop even the smallest foreign bodies, so that a contact break between the surfaces is avoided. The advantage of this is that the fibers of an organic felt cover as a sliding surface save capillary stored fat, which leads to a complete dry run Sliding surfaces can be twisted · The resulting wafer-thin layer of fat can negatively impact the molecular force between the boundary surfaces, for example at high relative speeds and contact pressures. rather improve than change

File 3001 (α) - 11 -

Further details of the invention are explained with reference to the drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown schematically. places are.

It shows

Fig. 1 shows an arrangement ύ · χ friction machine for

rotating flat sliding surfaces, generally longitudinal section

FIG. 2 shows the axial view of the soft sliding layer according to FIG. 1

Fig.2 α «ine variant of the soft sliding layer according to Fig. I.

3 shows an embodiment for rotating circular arc shapes Sliding surfaces, generally radial section

4 shows an embodiment for linearly movable circular arcuate shapes Sliding surfaces

FIG. 5 shows an application example for the embodiment according to FIG. 4, partly in a longitudinal section

6 shows an arrangement of flat sliding surfaces for

linear movement, schematic ia longitudinal section

File 3001 (e)

In the friction machines shown in FIGS. 1 and 2a, 2b, the surfaces sliding on one another «it 1 and 2 and their sliding layer carriers, still named substrate, ait 3 and 4. The desired friction effect is achieved in the present exemplary embodiment by rotating the retaining disk connected to the drive shaft 5 4a of the support * 4 achieved while the support ■ it is arranged non-rotatably with its sliding surface 1 i · machine frame 6.

The sliding layer carrier 3 is designed as a circular disc, which consists of an optionally heat-conducting material, the is suitable for the production of a microscopically smooth sliding surface with a high degree of hardness. To achieve the fastest possible Warning passage, the thickness of the disc 3 is limited to a value at which the strength and heat stresses that occur can still be mastered.

For example, metal or a metal alloy of corresponding quality. A completely closed, smooth sliding surface A pane made of glass ceramic also promises a high level of heat permeability and sufficient strength.

The counter sliding surface 2 has a softer structure than the sliding surface 1. Your layer support 4 consists of fine-fiber, dense felt, which is made from organic or equivalent synthetic fibers is. This material has a low elasticity and a very low thermal conductivity, so that it comes out of the sliding surface can only subtract a minor amount of energy. Because of its elasticity

File 3001 (o) - 13 -

is always the rich plant favorable for the thermal effect its interface to the sliding surface 1 guaranteed.

The layer carrier 3 is on a cup 7 made of heat-insulating Material fastened and covers the cooling space 8, which over the connections 9a, 9b of a * liquid or gaseous medium suitable * for heat dissipation flows through

The contact pressure for the sliding surfaces 1 and 2 is shown in the example 1 on the rotatably mounted in an axial guide 6 ″ Cup disk 7 or the layer carrier 3 is exerted by an axially acting compression spring 6b, the compressive force of which by means of an adjusting screw 6c is adjustable. This effect could also be achieved in a known manner by other pressure media, e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic or electric, produced, whereby the compressive force depends on a company size, e.g. the generated temperature or the speed, can be regulated by known means «

Since only the zones with high rotational speed at practically normal drive speeds provide the thermal friction effects with usable amounts of heat, the designs of the sliding surfaces 2 of the layer carriers 4 shown in FIGS. 2, 2 a result in favorable adaptation options. . '. The layer carrier surface F can be reduced in the range of higher rotational speeds according to the pattern shown in FIG. 2a. In this sense, the width of the layer carrier ring 4 according to FIG. 2 could also be adapted to the speed.

In the example at hand, the drive was used for practical reasons of the friction system limited to the sliding layer carrier 4. The intended In principle, however, the effect can also be achieved if the layers 3 and 4 work in the same direction at different speeds.

File 3001 (o) - 14 -

or run in opposite directions. Furthermore, is also in the sense of Invention provided to use a mixed movement as the relative movement between the sliding surfaces, e.g. There is a circular movement and a linear movement at the same time. Such movements are more surface-effective than simple ones, constantly in the movement in the same direction. Since the mentioned area effect is adapted to the irregular amorphous molecular structure, it is suitable for the desired effect of the device there to support.

While in the) exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2a, 2b, the sliding surfaces 1 and 2 are designed as flat, parallel, axially compressed surfaces, the plane of rotation of which is perpendicular to the drive axis, relate to the proposals according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 versions, in which the sliding surfaces are circular arc-shaped and concentric to one another are frozen and acted upon by radial pressure forces.

The construction according to FIG. 3, analogous to FIG. 1, has a heat-insulating ring jacket 12 to which the ring-shaped hard sliding layer carrier 13 is attached in such a way that a closed ring space 14 is formed for the flow of the heat-dissipating coolant. The cooling medium can be added or the heated Hedius can be discharged via connections 15 or 16. The layer carrier 17 is divided into four segments, which are fastened to Haitebügelη 18, and are connected to the central drive hub 20 in a form-fitting manner via radial drive pins. A control weight 21 of a fixed mass is provided on each driving pin so that it can be freely displaced and replaced. This makes it possible with simple means to apply the pressure force to the planned thermal by centrifugal force of the weights

File 3001 (a) - 15 -

Adjust effect, with this force at the programmed initial speed remains stable · In addition, there is the advantage that there is still no contact force in the start-up speed range is effective, so that the drive power can be kept low in this thermally ineffective area

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 relate to friction systems, in which linear relative movements between the sliding surfaces are used. For this, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the carrier 23 is designed for the hard sliding layer 24 as a cylinder in which the soft layer support 25 is guided to be axially movable. Here too is a division of the soft layer support 25 and its mountings

26 is provided in several, e.g. four, sectors that are attached to the one-piece Cylinder ring 23, 24 abut, which together with the outer jacket

27 forms the cabbage space 28. The supply and discharge of the Carbon medium takes place via the connections 29 and 30, respectively.

Each sector and its soft support 25 is with the through one Drive reciprocating hub 31 connected via a radial driver pin 32 in a form-fitting manner, this pin in one on The sleeve 33 attached to the hub 31 is mounted so that it can move radially. Between the sleeve 33 and the bracket 26 there is a compression spring 34 are used, the tension of which provides the contact force for the substrate.This force can be changed in a known manner (cf. Fig. 1) or with the use of hydraulic, pneumatic or electric servo forces depending on an operating variable.

be cash.

File 3001 (a) - 16 -

An application example for contemporary economic use the system with linear sliding movements is shown schematically in FIGS. Here is a new advancement based on the well-known Pescare free piston principle for internal combustion engines, which is dealt with in DE-OS 14 51 662. The special what is known about this engine is its simple and advantageous construction, as well as the trouble-free, economical operation. Since the engine does not have a crankshaft, the linear piston movements used directly or indirectly through the interposition of kinematic means for the drive of working units, e.g. pumps will.

There is another economical use of this engine according to the invention in the direct drive connection with the friction machine according to the invention · If said motor is liquid-cooled is, can directly dissipate in the coolant Heat loss from this motor can be fed to the machine according to the invention for further heating. As a result, this waste of a predetermined temperature and quantity can be brought to a level which is immediately suitable for a wide range of applications.

bar is suitable, with approximately the entire engine energy in Heat can be converted.

In Fig. 5 such a combination is shown schematically, the free piston engine via its piston rod K with the sliding layer carrier 25 of the friction piston shown in section in Fig. 4 is connected, so that this layer carrier 25 synchronously with the engine piston oscillates and converts the power of the engine into heat with a high degree of efficiency on the cylindrical hard sliding layer 24, the carrier of which can be removed from the cabbage and heating space 28 via the connection 30. An alternative training with a

File 3001 (a) - 17 -

linearly moving sliding surface is shown in FIG. The construction principle resembles that according to FIG. 1. The piston rod K des The drive motor "is" with the flat holding plate 36 for the soft Layer carrier 37 and a guide plate 38 connected, which is mounted on a fixed counter plate 38a such that it can move back and forth is. The heat-generating flat sliding surfaces are «it 39, 40 denotes · The coolant to be heated is conducted via the connections 41, 41a through the space 42, which passes through the layer carrier 35 is complete. This is attached to the flat pressure body, which exerts the pressure on the hard layer support transmits. To generate the contact pressure, the force of gravity in the form of weights 45 or of liquid can be used here in a simple manner be used·

Embodiments according to FIG. 6 can be made in a simple manner by connection to the continued piston rod Ka, whereby e.g. a step-by-step heating of the heat-dissipating medium can be achieved with space-saving small dimensions of the individual unit.

File 3001 (o)

01 Gl «itflQch · (fixed) Ο2, Ο2α, sliding surfaces (rotating)

03 sliding layer stretcher ^ fixed)

04 Sliding layer inertiaKrotating)

04 α Holt washer

05 drive shaft

Oo machine housing 06 «AchsialfOhrvng 06b compression spring 06c adjusting screw

07 Saucepan

08 Cooling and heating racks 09a connection 09b "■

10 sliding surface (fixed)

11 sliding surface (rotating)

12 ring acmtel

13 sliding layer carrier

14 Ringrava

15 connections

16 ""

17 support

18 retaining bracket

19 Hitnehaerbolts

20 drive hub

21 standard weight 22

23 sliding layer supports

24 sliding layer

25 sliding layer carrier

26 Bracket

27 Avssenaantel

28 Köbl-end AwfheizravM

29 connection

30 ""

31 hub

32 hitnehaerbels

33 jibes

34 Dreckfeder

35 sliding layer carrier

36 retaining plate

37 Sliding layer carrier

38 FQhrvngspiatte

38 α counter plate

39 sliding surface

40 - "

41 connection

41 α ""

42 KfJhl-vnd Avfheizrava

43 Drock bodies

44 housing

45 weights

H Free article advisor K piston rod

Ka ""

F layer support flat

File 3001 (α)

Claims (1)

Claim" lly Haschin · to generate frictional heat, being relative surfaces of two friction bodies that are moved towards one another slide on one another under controllable pressure load and the resulting WBrae of a Hediua flowing against the friction bodies is received and derived, characterized in that the friction machine is at least two on top of each other sliding friction bodies is provided, each of which consists of a * material old high heat conduction and has an optically smooth, closed sliding surface, while the material of the counter body has low heat conduction and ait one of the smooth opposing surfaces adapted Sliding layer is provided, the structure of which prevents adhesion between the two sliding surfaces (1, 2), and that this sliding layer has a lower degree of hardness than the counter layer and has a low elasticity 2 · machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the Relative movement of the carrier (3) equal to the hard sliding layer Is zero, while the carrier (4) of the soft sliding layer is connected to the drive to drive the motor, and the immobile friction body a water-draining medium, e.g. water, flows through it which consists of a * cooling circuit of the drive motor entnowMn can be File 3001 (a) - 2 - 3 machine according to the preceding claims, characterized that the carrier (4) of the "" oak sliding layer aos dense felt consists of organic or synthetic fibers with the same effect 4. Moschine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that the thickness of the carrier (3) of the horten sliding layer avf is limited to a value that still corresponds to the strength and material stresses occurring « 5 «machine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that the carrier (3) of the hard sliding layer can consist of glass ceramic with high moisture permeability 6 «Machine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that the sliding layer carrier (4) of the driven friction body consists of individual elements whose adjustable Contact pressure on the counter-sliding layer and / or the effective Gliding surface size as a function of an operating size, e.g. by centrifugal force, are automatically regulated. ' 7. Machine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that the hard sliding surface (10) is arranged on the inner wall of a cylinder ring (13), while the counter surface (11) Part of a rotating concentric layer carrier »(17), which is divided into several sectors can be divided, which "are loaded with a radially acting force, and that on or in the rotary hub (20, 31) radial Guides (33) are provided in which the sliding layer-bearing Towing bolts (19, 31) are mounted File 3001 (o) - 3 - 8. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that for Creation of a controllable contact pressure centrifugal force between the sliding surfaces (10, 11) on each drive pin (19) an exchangeable standard weight (21) from a fixed Hasse / radial to the retaining bracket (18) of the layer carrier * (19) free slidable ^ is attached 9 «Machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for a linear relative movement between the sliding surfaces, both sliding surfaces (39, 40) as a plane Flat ones are formed, with one of the layer supports can be moved back and forth 10. Machine according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for a linear relative movement between the sliding surfaces of a sliding layer carrier (25) formed as a piston old sliding lining is, the inside of a cylinder-shaped which carries the counter surface (24) / is carbonized by the wara-dissipating medium Layer support (23) relative to this »is movable. 11. Machine according to claim * 10 · ^? , characterized in that the linear to-and-fro movements of the layer carrier (s) can be removed directly from the piston (K) of a piston engine (M) by a positive or non-positive connection, the cooling circuit of the drive machine being integrated into the heat-dissipating circuit of the friction machine can· File 3001 (a) - 4 - 12. Machine according to claims 10 and 11, characterized by that the sliding layer carrier (25) is divided into sectors which can be adjusted by force can be pressed radially against their counter-sliding surfaces (24) 13 · Machine according to the preceding claims * thereby characterized that the relative movement of the sliding surface »consists of several movement coaponents, e.g. a circle and a simultaneous linear movement. File 3001 (a) ■ V