JPS5971952A - Frictional heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is characterized in that the relatively moving surfaces of two friction bodies slide against each other while receiving an adjustable suppressing load, and the heat generated at this time is absorbed by a heat transfer medium flowing along the friction bodies. Regarding the friction heat generating device derived from the above-described method-1.

As is well known, the temperature of an object is proportional to the kinetic and potential energy stored in its molecules, so temperature is a direct measure of the internal energy of a molecular system. As is well known, this internal temperature of a material can be increased by friction, in which part of the applied mechanical energy is absorbed by the sliding force 1.
Since it is expended to overcome the frictional resistance at nI, the energy supplied is generally significantly greater than the thermal energy that can be extracted from the friction point. This difference is proportional to the H depletion action or the oxygen removal work.

With the intention of configuring energy conversion devices as rationally as possible with respect to their function and use, various proposals have become known for devices of the above-mentioned type, in order to reduce energy losses or wear of friction surfaces and uncontrolled heat dissipation. Attempts have been made to construct heat generating devices with significant efficiency that can be reduced in practical use.

Since the external friction process between solids causes material wear, liquids have traditionally been used as heat transfer media for energy conversion, but internal heat is increased by the strong rolling motion of the liquid. Although disadvantageous attrition losses could thereby be avoided to a large extent, the desired increase in the internal thermal energy of the liquid took place only by a very small percentage of the increase, since the special molecular substances of the liquid are several times smaller than in the solid. do not have. Liquid particles, such as oil, must therefore be moved relative to each other in large volumes and at very high velocities in order to obtain industrially usable amounts of additional heat by internal friction in the available time. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a heat conversion device and 1 which ensures optimum conversion efficiency with little space and expense.

The advantage here is that a solid with an oil film is chosen as the heat transfer medium, so that the invention relates in particular to solving the problem of wear and to the advantageous thermal properties of the heat transfer medium.

The problem arising therefrom is solved according to the invention by a device which uses a suitable monthly rate for the generation of frictional heat.

As has been shown from precise continuous experiments, in the range of high relative velocities between the friction bodies and high frictional pressures, the friction of the sliding surfaces is zero, which provides a decisive advantage of the invention. This decisive effect is due to the fact that the hard and microscopically smooth sliding surfaces completely avoid material removal between the sliding surfaces. By the same means, the kinetic energy supplied at both sliding surfaces (6) takes up a very large fraction of molecules per unit area, thereby increasing the internal temperature of this sliding surface by a fraction in a short time without frictional wear. rising strongly,
and can be stored.

The rapidly increasing heating charge is then removed rapidly and in a controlled manner by the heat absorption of the cooling circuit. This is because, according to the invention, the VAN between the cooling medium and the hard sliding surface is separated only in consideration of its strength and is preferably made of a metal or glass ceramic with good thermal conductivity. be. This rapid cooling action keeps the temperature generated on the soft sliding surface low, so that the material of the soft sliding surface is not damaged even under heavy loads, and heat loss can be kept to a minimum due to radiation a.

The desired effect is also facilitated by the elasticity of this sliding surface.

This is because a completely sufficient contact of this surface to the hard opposing surface is ensured. This results in significantly higher energy conversion efficiencies in known devices.

The much lower outlay and space occupied by known devices relative to the amount of heat to be generated results in another advantage of the invention. This opens up a wide field of application for the device according to the invention in the field of energy conversion. This means, for example, converting small mechanical energy that cannot be used directly into thermal energy that can be used in multiple ways and stored, or supplying heat to heating equipment by using a heat engine as a drive device. Regarding this, the heat of the engine cooling water is fully available in the friction heat generating device, which results in a high utilization efficiency of the engine.

A further advantageous possibility of use of the device according to the present invention occurs in braking conditions of electric motors and the like. In a room heating or air conditioning system, the air stream to be heated can be passed directly to a heat dissipation section of a frictional heat generating device and economically heated to a predetermined temperature. It should also be mentioned in this connection that the device can be operated noiselessly.

The simple and easy-to-see mechanism and function of the device according to the invention makes it possible to install multiple pairs of IfA friction heat generators with a common drive and cooling circuit for the heat transfer medium, while It also becomes possible to adapt the space without

Lubrication of the sliding surfaces can also be considered, and this is not disadvantageous to the efficiency of the device. However, long-term experiments have shown that lubrication is sufficient to avoid wear and that a very thin film of fluid oil between the friction surfaces washes away or envelops small foreign objects. In this respect, it is advantageous that the fibers of the organic felt 1 to the lining as sliding surfaces contain traces of oils and fats that are accumulated by capillary action, with which it is possible to avoid complete drying of the sliding surfaces. The resulting thin oil layer improves, rather than reduces, the molecular frictional contact between the sliding surfaces, for example at high relative speeds and pressing forces.

Further details of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings, which schematically show embodiments. - In the frictional heat generating device shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 2a, the surfaces 1 that slide against each other
and 2 (9), and friction bodies having these sliding surfaces are shown as 3 and 4. In this embodiment, the desired frictional effect is obtained by rotation of the holding plate 4a of the friction body 4 coupled to the drive shaft 5, and the friction body 3 having the sliding surface 1 is provided on the device mount 6 so as not to rotate. ing.

The friction body 3 is configured as a disk made of a hard material with good thermal conductivity and a smooth sliding surface. In order to achieve as fast a heat transfer as possible, the thickness of the disk 3 is limited to such a thickness that it still withstands the mechanical and thermal stresses that occur.

For example, metals or alloys of suitable quality are sufficient for this condition. A completely closed and smooth sliding surface with a high heat transfer capacity and sufficient strength can also be obtained by a disk made of glass ceramic.

The sliding surface 2 has a softer structure than the sliding surface l. The friction body 4 is made of a closed fiber made from organic fibers or synthetic fibers which act in the same way. This material has a low elasticity and a very low thermal conductivity, so it removes only a minimal amount of heat from the sliding surfaces. Its elasticity always ensures sufficient contact between the sliding surface and the oil film, which is advantageous for thermal effects.

The friction body 3 is made of a heat insulating material and is attached to a cover 7 to define a cooling space 8, and has a connecting portion 9a.

91), a liquid or gaseous medium suitable for the removal of heat is flowed through this cooling space 8.

The pressing forces of sliding surfaces 1 and 2 are shown in Fig. 1. In the illustrated example, the axial guide piece 6a is moved by the compression spring 61) which acts in the axial direction and can adjust the spring force with the adjusting screw 6C.
This is applied to the collar-like plate 7 or the friction body 3, which is supported so as not to rotate relative to the flange. This pressing can be carried out in a known manner by other pressing means, for example hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically, and the pressing force can be adjusted by known means as a function of the actuating variable, for example temperature or rotational speed. .

In fact, the X-region J groove, which has a high circumferential speed (11) at a normal driving rotational speed, can provide a usable thermal rubbing effect, so the friction shown in Figures 2 and 2a. The configuration of the sliding surface 2 of the body 4 is advantageous. The sliding area F in the high circumferential range can be reduced according to the model shown in FIG. 2a. The width of the friction body 4 according to FIG. 2 can also be adapted to the rotational speed in this way.

In this example, for practical reasons, the friction body is driven by friction body 4.
limited to. However, in principle, the desired effect can be obtained even if the friction bodies 3 and 4 are rotated at different speeds in the same direction or in opposite directions. Further within the scope of the invention,
As the relative movement of the sliding surface, for example, circular movement and straight line 1
A mixed motion consisting of +1 (movement) can also be used.

Such a motion is more effective against a surface than a simple motion that is always in the same direction. Such surface action is tailored to the irregular amorphous molecular structure, so that the desired Suitable for promoting thermal effects.

In the embodiment (]2) shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 2a, the sliding surfaces 1 and 2 are flat and parallel surfaces that can be pressed in the axial direction, and the rotation surface l and the driving axis 3, 4 and 5.
In the configuration shown in the figure, the sliding surfaces are arcuate and concentric with each other and are subjected to a pressing force acting in the radial direction.

Fig. 3 h construction - 1 As in Fig. 1, it has a thermally insulating annular jacket 12, and a hard annular friction body 13 is attached to this jacket 12, creating a closed annular space through which a heat transfer cooling medium passes. 14
is formed. Via connections 15 and 16 a cooling medium can be supplied and a heated medium can be removed. The soft friction body 17 is divided into four arcuate pieces, which are attached to the retaining curved piece 18 and connected to the central drive boss 20 via a radial engagement pin 19.

Each engaging pin 19 is provided with an adjusting weight 21 having a constant mass so as to be freely movable in the radial direction and replaceable. Thereby, by means of simple means, the centrifugal force of the weight 21 allows the pressing force to be matched to the intended thermal effect of the weight 21, and this pressing force remains constant at a given circumferential speed. Furthermore, since no pressing force is applied within the range of the starting rotational speed, the driving power can be reduced in this range where no heat is applied.

The configurations shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 relate to friction heat seller devices in which linear relative motion of sliding surfaces is used. Fourth
According to the figures and FIG. 5, the friction body 23 with a hard sliding surface 24 is constructed as a cylinder, in which a soft friction body 25 is guided movably in the 4al+gland direction.

Here too, the friction body 25 and its holder 26 are divided into a plurality of arc-shaped pieces, for example, four, and are in contact with a single circle @23.

This cylinder 23 forms a cooling space 28 together with the jacket 27 . The supply and discharge of the cooling medium to be heated is at connection 2.
9 and 30.

Each arcuate piece 25 is connected via a radial engagement pin 32 to a boss 31 that is reciprocated in the axial direction by a drive device, and this pin 32 is connected to a sleeve 33 attached to the boss (14) 31 in a radial direction. It is supported by Doshinō. A compression spring 34 is inserted between the sleeve 33 and the holder 26, and its stress produces a pressing force of the 1% friction body 25. This force can be variable in a known manner (see FIG. 1) or can be adjusted as a function of the actuating quantity by means of hydraulic, pneumatic or electric servo forces.

The combination is schematically shown in FIG. 5, and the piston engine 1 is connected to the friction body 25 as a piston shown in FIG. 4 via its piston rod ().
This friction body 25 reciprocates in synchronization with the screw 1 of the connection 1, converts the power of the engine M into heat with high efficiency at the hard cylindrical fermentation body 23, and serves as a transmission medium for this heat. is the cooling space 28
1J) through the connection part 30.

Another arrangement with sliding surfaces that are allowed to move linearly is shown in FIG. The structural principle is the same as that in FIG.

A retaining plate 36 and a guide plate 38 of a soft friction body 37 are connected to the piston rod of the AC engine, and the guide plate 38 is supported on a fixed base plate 38a (15) so as to be able to reciprocate. Heat generating flat sliding surfaces are indicated at 39 and 40.

The cooling medium to be heated is conducted via the connection 41.4]a through the space 42 delimited by the friction body 35.

This friction body 35 is attached to a flat pressing body 43, which transmits the pressing force to the rigid aggregate 35. To generate the pressing force, a weight 45 or gravity in the form of an adult can be used here.

The arrangement according to FIG. 6 can easily be connected in series by connecting it to a further piston rod Ka, so that it can be used with the same small dimensions in the space of the individual devices, for example at the stage of the heat transfer medium. Target heating is possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows a cross section passing through the axis of a rotating friction heat generating device with a flat sliding surface; Figure 2 is a front view of a part of one of the friction bodies; Front view of part of the modified example,
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axis of an embodiment having a rotating arcuate sliding surface, and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axis of an embodiment having an arcuate sliding surface that moves linearly (16). 5 is a partially cutaway side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the embodiment with a linearly movable flat sliding surface. 1.2.10. II, 24.39.40...Sliding surface, 3,4. +3, 17.23.25.37... Friction body, 8.14, 28.42... Cooling medium space. Patent applicant: Robert Kolb/Zenior
Robert Kolb/Eunior Agent Nakahira
Cure 5° 9. ．． 1-I (17) Engraving of the drawings (no changes to the contents) Figure 1 0 JP-A-59-71952 (6) Figure 5 Figure 6 5 Procedural amendment, ka) January 18, 1982 Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office1, Indication of the case, 1982 Patent Application No. +262582, Name of the invention, Frictional Heat Generation, 3, Person making the amendment, Relationship to the case, Patent Applicant 4, Agent 5 , Date of amendment order: October 1, 1980 (Shipping date: October 25, 1988) Engraving of drawings (no gauze in content) 7. Contents of amendment (as attached)

Claims (1)

[Claims] The relatively moving surfaces of the 12 IIN friction bodies slide against each other while receiving an adjustable stamping load, and the heat generated at this time is absorbed by the heat transfer body flowing along the friction bodies. In the frictional heat generating device to be derived, the frictional heat generating device includes at least two frictional bodies that slide against each other, and the first frictional body (3) is made of a material with good thermal conductivity and has a smooth sliding surface ( 1), the second friction body (4) is made of a material with poor heat transfer, and has a structure that prevents adhesion to the sliding surface (1) of the first friction body (3). Having (2),
The sliding surface (2) of the second friction body (4) is connected to the first friction body (3).
), the first friction body (3) is fixed and the second friction body (4
) is connected to a driving machine, and a heat transfer medium (1) is caused to flow along a first friction body (3). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second friction body (4) is made of a closed felt of organic fibers or of synthetic fibers which act in the same way. 3. Claim 1, characterized in that the first friction body (3) is made of glass ceramic with good thermal conductivity.
Equipment described in Section. 4 The second friction body (4) is composed of individual elements, and the pressing force of these individual elements on the first friction body (3) and/or the size of the effective sliding surface are related to the actuation amount. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is automatically adjustable, for example by centrifugal force. 5 The first friction body is a cylinder (13, 23) with a sliding surface (10) on the inner circumferential wall, and the concentric second friction body is a plurality of arc-shaped pieces (17° 25). These arcuate pieces (17, 2) have a sliding surface (11) on the outer peripheral surface.
5) receives a force acting in the radial direction (2), the driving bosses (20, 31) are provided with guide parts, and the bow melon pieces (17, 25) are provided in these guide parts.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engagement pins (19, 32) of ) are supported. 6. Due to the linear relative movement of both friction bodies (35, 37), these friction bodies (35, 37) are configured in a plane, and one of the friction bodies is capable of reciprocating movement. A device according to scope 1. 7. Due to linear relative motion of both friction bodies, the first of these friction bodies is configured as a cylinder (23) that has a sliding surface (24) on its inner peripheral surface and is cooled by a heat transfer medium. Claims 1 or 5, characterized in that the second j-shaped body is configured as a bislin (25) that can move reciprocally once within this cylinder (23). The device described in. 8 Second 19: The linear reciprocating motion of the manipulator (25) is screw 1
- The piston rod of the power machine (M) (■) can be taken out directly from the piston rod (), and the cooling circuit of this power machine (M) is connected to the heat discharge circuit of the first friction body (23). 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the relative motion of both friction bodies is synthesized from motion components of the frame number, for example, circular motion and simultaneous linear motion. The device as set forth in claim 1.