DE3202395A1 - Process and equipment for pneumatic compaction of moulding sand - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process for pneumatic compaction of the moulding sand of foundry moulds in a closed mould space, one boundary of which is formed by the pattern, the mould space is first filled with the moulding sand and then subjected to air at a pressure gradient from more than 100 bar/s up to 1000 bar/s, the absolute pressure before and after the pressure treatment being between 0.8 and 8 bar, so that the subjection to pressure takes place within milliseconds. As a result, it is possible, with lower constructional expense, to produce high and uniform mould hardness at low consumption of energy and air. Instead, the moulding material filled into the mould space can first be exposed to a vacuum of 0.4 to 0.2 bar, and a confined compressed-air jet at up to 15 bar can then be caused to act on the free moulding material surface. This confined jet is at supersonic speed. Equipment suitable for carrying out this process has a closed mould space which is provided with at least one nozzle orifice and an associated closure device.

Description

Method and device

for the pneumatic compression of molding sand The invention relates to Process for the pneumatic compression of the molding sand from foundry molds, which is used in a closed mold space, one boundary of which is one of the molding sand encased model is formed, is included, as well as devices for implementation this procedure.

Known pneumatic compression processes mostly work afterwards the shooting principle. Here, a metered dose is put into the empty, closed mold space Amount of molding sand shot in or blown in in the form of a plug. The zeroing in of the molding sand is particularly common with the actual molds, while the Blow molding process is used in particular for core molds that do not have their final hardness directly through the compaction process, but through the addition of appropriate binders obtain. In the case of forms, on the other hand, such binders are in particular in higher Shares undesirable because of the difficulties involved in processing used sand, so that here the compaction by the shooting process itself and the application involved coming high pressure is achieved.

It is also known to shoot the molding sand into the mold space not by acting on the molding sand plug, but by generating it, that the empty mold space is placed under vacuum and then opened to the filling vessel is, so that the molding sand under the action of the atmospheric pressure on it is encased in the mold space. Combined methods are also known , in which before and / or during the injection of the molding sand with excess pressure of the Mold space is evacuated, but the vacuum is primarily used to the remove excess shooting air from the mold space as quickly as possible and thus preventing the formation of air cushions or air inclusions in the molding sand (e.g. DE-OS 27 27 297).

Finally, it is known (DE-AS 28 44 464), the molding sand on the Shoot the model and thereby achieve a pre-compression and then On the free molding sand surface, compressed air blasts of up to 7 bar for a period of time to give up in less than 1 second. However, this is a recompaction of the Form by mechanical pressing required, also during the pressing process the mold is evacuated.

The energy expenditure and the air requirement in the known processes is quite considerable, without having succeeded so far with this purely pneumatic one Compression to achieve sufficient mold hardness, in addition, is the apparatus Considerable effort in all cases.

The invention is based on the object of pneumatic compression methods to create that with the least possible effort with a comparatively low Energy and air requirements get by, with a high and uniform mold hardness achieved shall be.

This object is achieved according to the invention according to a first variant solved that the mold space filled with the molding sand with air at a pressure gradient is acted upon by more than 100 bar / s up to 1000 bar / s.

The pressure difference before and after filling is advantageous of the mold space between 0.8 and 8 bar.

Compared to known methods, the method according to the invention has the great advantage. that the mold space with conventional simple means initially with Molding sand is filled and the compaction exclusively through the sudden The mold space is exposed to air.

It is important that the pressure build-up takes place within milliseconds takes place, with the existing absolute pressure of up to 8 bar, however, structurally without further can be mastered. Practice has shown that it is not - as in itself would be assumed - at the highest possible absolute pressure, but exclusively depends on the greatest possible pressure gradient, i.e. the overpressure must be in a be brought into effect in the shortest possible time. In practice this can be done Realize in the simplest way that the filled with molding sand, under Mold space at normal pressure suddenly connected to a compressed air reservoir will.

It has been found to be advantageous when the flow of the in the The air flowing into the mold space is directed approximately perpendicular to the surface of the molding sand, even if quite satisfactory results are achieved with a different flow direction can be.

A second variant for solving the problem of the invention is based on a known method for compacting foundry molding material in an evacuable Mold space in which the filled molding material is placed under negative pressure. the The solution according to the invention is that high tension is applied to the free surface of the molding material Compressed air up to 15 bar is brought into effect as a free jet. The kinetic When it hits the free surface of the molding material, the energy of the free jet is in a compressive force acting on the back of the mold is implemented, the pressure being applied to the molding material penetrating compressed air relax freely on the one hand because of the prevailing vacuum can, on the other hand, supports the pressing effect by fluidizing the molding material.

The procedure is preferably such that the mold space initially filled with the molding material, then evacuated to 0.4 to 0.2 bar and then the compressed air free jet is brought into effect. In other words, it takes place the evacuation and the pressing by means of compressed air free jet temporally one after the other. It is advantageous if the vacuum is maintained during the free jet pressing and thus a high pressure gradient between the back of the mold and the mold surface is maintained. This particularly counteracts the risk that when the compressed air penetrates into the molding material bulk pressure bubbles arise.

If the requirements for dimensional stability are lower, the procedure also run in such a way that the mold space is evacuated to 0.4 to 0.2 bar, then with filled with the molding material and the compressed air jet onto the free surface of the Molding material is brought into effect. The molding material is therefore in the evacuated The mold space is accelerated due to the pressure gradient and when it hits the model precompacted and during the fall of the molding sand or after completion of the Filling process brought the compressed air free jet into effect.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compressed air free jet Supersonic speed increases because it is above this critical speed an optimal energy conversion is possible.

To reduce the back pressure on the free surface of the molding material, the amount of which is for the energy conversion is decisive, to increase, is according to a further embodiment provided that the free surface of the molding material before the application of the compressed air Free jet with a layer that increases the flow resistance of the near-surface layer Substance is covered. A further increase in the pressing effect is thus possible.

Liquids such as water and water-binder mixtures are used as substances or plastic solutions, but also fine dust that affects molding material preparation do not bother.

A constructive solution to the first variant of the method is based on a device with a molding space receiving the molding sand, which is formed by a model, a mold frame surrounding this and a mold space closure on the model opposite side is formed.

According to the invention, such a device is characterized in that that the mold space opens with at least one outside the surface of the molding sand Nozzle opening and a closure device associated therewith is provided which when opening, a pressure build-up of more than 100 bar / s is allowed in the mold space. This Pressure gradient can be determined by appropriate dimensioning of the nozzle opening (s) and reach the closure device and its drive.

In order to be able to generate the desired pressure gradient, it has turned out to be Proven to be expedient, the mold space in the area free from the molding sand above the nozzle opening to be connected to a pressure accumulator.

Of course, two or more nozzle openings can also be used be present, it being advantageous if the axis of each nozzle opening is approximately is arranged perpendicular to the molding sand surface.

According to a preferred embodiment, the nozzle opening is Laval - nozzle designed so that a low-loss free jet flow is guaranteed, which can be in the supersonic range and, due to low vortex formation, leads to that an approximately flat back is formed.

With larger shapes, the same effect is achieved if each Laval nozzle is arranged and designed so that the free jets generated by them about to hit the entire molding sand surface. It is also an optimal one Implementation of the flow energy in compression work over the entire cross-section of the mold guaranteed.

It has been found to be advantageous if the mold space is in the area of the model with outflow openings for the air, which may also be connected to a vacuum are connected, is provided. This is particularly important if the absolute pressure is too high or too large a quantity of air ensures that it does not hinder compression and can flow away.

It can also be advantageous if the bottom is particularly deep Model contours outflow openings are provided. This ensures that too In the area of such deep model contours, a high and constant form hardness is achieved.

Further embodiments of this device are in the claims 21 to 31.

A device-related solution of the second variant of the method is based on a known device with a model plate carrier, an attached one Molding box, an overlying filling attachment and a closure plate that together form the mold space, and with a filling vessel containing the molding material. Such a known device is characterized according to the invention by an or more free jet nozzle (s) that open out into the mold space and are connected to a compressed air source.

The mouth cross-section of the free jet nozzle (s) and the height of their arrangement Above the free surface of the molding material must be such that the free jet comes into effect on the entire surface of the molding material. To with such a free jet nozzle To achieve the speed of sound in the muzzle cross-section, it must according to the rules fluid engineering have an opening angle of 10 to a maximum of 0 14.

The critical opening angle becomes from a certain molding box dimension can only be achieved with very large nozzle lengths.

In order to avoid the nozzle becoming unreasonably long with larger molding boxes to let, is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the wall the free jet nozzle has openings that can be connected to a vacuum. With this Measure, the opening angle of the free jet nozzle can be increased. Usually vortices will then detach themselves on the wall, making the achievement more critical Prevent speeds. With the measure according to the invention, however, these Vortex sucked off, so that despite the larger opening angle in the mouth cross-section can reach at least the shell speed. Due to the larger opening cross-section it is then also ensured that the free jet hits the entire free surface of the molding material hits.

In one embodiment of the aforementioned according to the invention Feature, the free jet nozzle has a double wall, and is that of the Provide walls formed space with a vacuum connection. The vacuum connection lead to the same vacuum source to which the mold space is connected.

As already indicated, it can be advantageous to reduce the flow resistance the near-surface layer of the molding material by spraying a liquid raise. In terms of device technology, this is possible because in the upper In the area of the mold space, a device for applying the liquid to the free Molding material surface is arranged.

The methods according to the invention and those proposed for their implementation Devices are suitable for final compaction, followed by static pressing and / or stripping of the molding sand to level the mold back can be provided can. Likewise, the method for re-compacting any pre-compacted Shapes, be it by shooting, blowing or the like. Serve. The procedure continues to offer the advantage that the compression can take place independent of the direction, i.e. both from above and below, but also in the horizontal position of the model. as well it is possible to compact double-sided models from above and below at the same time.

The invention is shown below with reference to some of those shown in the drawing Embodiments of the device described. In the drawing each show in a schematic longitudinal section: Figure 1 A first embodiment with flat nozzle for one-sided models; Figure 2 with a second embodiment Laval nozzles for one-sided models; Figure 3 shows a third embodiment with a lateral Nozzle opening; FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment for double-sided models; Figure 5 a schematic view of one according to the second variant of the invention A first embodiment of the device operating according to the method and FIG. 6 shows a the Figure 1 corresponding schematic view of a second embodiment of this Contraption.

The representations in Figures 1 to 4 show only a schematic Excerpt from the rest of the conventional molding machines with facilities for Filling the mold spaces, for positioning (moving in, swiveling, lifting and locking) of model plate and mold frame and for sealing the mold spaces are provided. These For the sake of clarity, facilities are not shown.

The molding space is laterally supported by a molding frame or molding box 1 an attached filling frame 2, on the underside of a model plate 3 with the model 4 and formed by a termination 5 on the top. The conclusion 5 is designed as a plate and with a nozzle opening 6 in the form a flat nozzle 7 is provided. At the same time, the plate 5 forms the lower end of an antechamber 8, which has a large-sized nozzle 9 with one or more pressure accumulators 10 in connection stands.

In the antechamber 8 sits a closure device 11, which is shown in Embodiment is designed as a poppet valve 12 which closes the flat nozzle 7 and cooperates with the top of the end plate 5. The poppet valve 12 is equipped with a lifting drive 13 arranged outside the antechamber 8.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the model plate 3 forms the upper end of an exhaust chamber 14, into the excess air from the mold space Penetrate through outflow openings 15 in the model plate 3 and through an exhaust air nozzle 16 can be discharged. Furthermore, in the embodiment according to FIG outflow openings 18 are also provided in deep contours 17 of the model 4, which also open into the discharge chamber 14. If necessary, it can be connected to the exhaust air connection 16 a vacuum pump can be connected. But it is also possible to add more Provide vacuum connections on the molding frame or molding box 1.

Unless the filling of the mold frame 1 and filling frame 2 is not outside the machine happens, the prechamber 8 is located outside of the mold space vertical axis pivotable so that the cross section of the filling frame 2 is free. In this position, the molding sand can then be in an appropriately dimensioned amount until it reaches the level indicated by 19, for example. The mold space is expediently dimensioned so that the free volume 20 is above the molding sand surface 19 is as small as possible. Then the Antechamber 8 swiveled in and locked. Then the valve disk 12 is suddenly raised, so that at least a part of the air contained in the compressed air reservoir 10 over the flat nozzle 7 relaxes in the mold space and thereby the molding sand by combination compressed by dynamic pressure and jet pressure. The cross section of the flat nozzle 7 and the Valve disk 12 and its drive 13 are dimensioned so that the pressure build-up takes place in the mold space with greater than 100 bar / s. This can be done with appropriate dimensioning with an absolute operating pressure of up to 8 bar, which is still below the usual Compressed air network pressure is reached. Due to the extremely short compaction time, which is in the millisecond range, is the energy required for compression very low compared to other known methods. For example, is the amount of air required for a molding box with the usual dimensions of 800 x 650 x 300 mm approx. 1.3 kg or 1.5 Nm3 per molding process.

As always desired, the model contours are particularly special high compression values are achieved, which decrease slightly towards the back of the mold, for the further process steps are completely sufficient.

After compaction, the level 19 of the molding sand drops into the Area of the upper edge of the molding frame or molding box 1. The top layer a few millimeters high - apparently due to fluidization effects - formed by loose molding sand, which is either stripped off or by a pressing process can be equalized.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 essentially only from the fact that the nozzle opening 6 has two or more Laval nozzles 20 are provided, the mouths of which are approximately flush with the underside of the upper end plate 5 ends. The inflow openings 21 the Laval nozzle 20 is in turn a closure device 11 in the form of a poppet valve 22 associated with all closes existing Laval nozzles at the same time. With these Laval nozzles is one Low-loss and eddy-free conversion of the pressure energy into kinetic energy is possible. In addition, the compressed air jet diverges during relaxation, so that the molding sand is pressed is applied more evenly. The overshoot speed that can be achieved with a Laval nozzle is also expressed when the air jet hits the molding sand surface in an increased back pressure, which leads to even better dimensional stability.

In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2 is the axis of the nozzle openings approximately perpendicular to the surface of the molding sand. Deviating from this Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the upper end plate 5 of the mold space has a relatively large opening 23 to the prechamber 8. The nozzle opening 6 is in a side wall 24 of the prechamber 8 and, for example, with a pivotable Closure device 11 is provided. When opening the closure device 11 relaxed the compressed air from the memory 10 via the nozzle opening 6 initially in the antechamber 8 and only then into the mold space. Even if here the jet pressure during compression does not cooperate, satisfactory mold hardening can nevertheless be achieved. This Embodiment facilitates the filling of the molding sand and - if necessary - the recompaction in a single workstation within the molding machine, since the antechamber 8 can be designed or arranged to be movable in a simple manner can that the mold space is freely accessible.

Finally, FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the exhaust air chamber 14 carries a model 4,4 'on the top and bottom on each of a mode II plate 3,3'. The molding frame or molding box 1 and filling frame 2 can be used for the upper model 4 and the lower model 4 ' be designed identically. The end plate 5.5 'of both mold spaces is designed in this embodiment so that they on out the inner walls of the filling frame 2, so can dip into the mold space.

For this purpose it is provided with a lifting drive (not shown).

If necessary, only one end plate 5 or 5 'also needs to be included be provided with such a drive. In this case, then are the model plates 3,3 ', the form frame 1,1' and the filling frame 2,2 'together opposite the other End plate slidable in the longitudinal axis.

In the upper end plate 5 are again two Laval nozzles 20 and in the lower end plate 5 'two Laval nozzles 20' according to the training arranged according to FIG. Each of the upper Laval nozzles 20 is in turn a closure device 11, each of the lower Laval nozzles 20 'is assigned a closure device 11'. These are housed in the antechamber 8 or 8 '. Each antechamber in turn is at least on a compressed air reservoir 10, 10 'connected.

While the upper end plate 5 primarily for leveling and / or recompaction of the molding sand is used, fulfills the lower end plate 5 'still another task. By moving into the mold space, the her lying molding sand 25 is raised until it has the contours of the model 4 'and the free surface of the model plate 3 'envelops or covers. Only after that takes place the relaxation of the compressed air contained in the memory 10t after opening the closure device.

To enable the compressed air to be released as effectively as possible, are the lower lava nozzles 20 'continue via lateral bores 26 with a compressed air connection 27 connected, via the compressed air to fluidize the molding sand, especially within the Laval nozzles 20 'supplied will. This will put the molding sand in held in a floating state and at the same time prevents it when opening the locking devices 11 'enters the closure area of the valve.

The molding machine shown in Figs. 5 and 6 comprises in a conventional manner a work table 36 which can be raised and lowered by means of a reciprocating piston 35. On the work table 36 sits a model plate carrier 32 with the model 33. When The exemplary embodiment shown, the model plate carrier 32 is designed as a hollow box and can be connected to a vacuum. The plate of the model plate carrier carrying the model 33 32 is also provided with openings 41 through which air is sucked out of the mold space can be.

A molding box 31 sits on the model plate carrier 32 and on it a filling attachment 34, which is also provided with a vacuum connection 42.

The mold space is finally closed at the top by a closure plate 38, between this and the filling attachment and between this and the molding box 31 seals 40 are inserted.

On the closure plate 38 there is a spray device 45 for spraying on of liquids arranged on the molding material surface 46. Also sits on the Closure plate 38 has a free jet nozzle 44 which opens into the mold space and which has a Valve 43 is connected to a source of compressed air.

T he closure plate 38 with spray device 45 and free jet nozzle 44 sits together with a filling vessel 37 containing the molding material on a carriage, which can be moved over the mold space, so that either the filling vessel or the closure plate 38 is placed on the filling attachment 34.

T he mode of operation of the device is as follows: First of all, it is located the filling vessel 37 on the filling attachment 34. The dosed amount contained therein Molding material is obtained by opening a flap or shutter lock on the floor of the filling vessel 37 in the model plate carrier 32, the molding box 31 and the Filling attachment 34 released limited mold space. Then the car is moved so that the closure plate 38 with spray device 45 and nozzle 44 over the for running set 34 reached. Then the reciprocating piston 35 is actuated so that the entire mold space is raised and the closure plate 38 is pressed against fixed stops 39. In In this position, the mold space is tightly sealed, which is then connected via the connections 42 in the filling set 34 and in the model plate carrier 32 is evacuated. In this way the pore air is sucked out of the molding material filling. Upon reaching the desired A vacuum of 0.4 to 0.2 bar is applied to the surface of the molding material by means of the spray device 44 sprayed liquid and immediately opened the valve 43, so that the compressed air impinges on the molding material surface 46 in the form of a free jet and the kinetic Energy of the beam is converted into pressing force.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the same parts of the system are included the same reference numerals as in the embodiment according to FIG. So far a repeated description is not necessary. In contrast to FIG. 5, the free jet nozzle 44 has a double jacket, its inner wall with openings, for example a perforation is provided, while the outer wall has a vacuum connection 49. About this The double jacket can be connected to the vacuum source provided for evacuating the mold space be connected. The opening angle of the free jet nozzle can be adjusted by applying negative pressure 44 can be increased above the limit of 14 as the eddies that form are sucked out will.

In a further deviation from the embodiment according to FIG. 5 sits on which the filling vessel 37 and the closure plate 38 with the nozzle 44 and the - in Fig. 6 not shown - spraying device leading carriage a compression head 47 with a Press plate 48 for re-compacting the molding material. T he functionality corresponds in this case the one already described for FIG. 5. After compression using the compressed air free jet the work table 36 is lowered, the closure plate 38 with nozzle 44 to the right move and at the same time retracted the press head 47 until it is above the lowered Filling attachment 34 is located. Then the work table 35 is raised again, see above that the press plate 48 comes into effect on the free molding material surface 46. After re-pressing, the molding takes place in the usual way.

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Claims (38)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Process for the pneumatic compression of foundry mold material, the one in a closed mold space, one of which is the boundary of one of the Molding sand encased model is formed, is included, d a d u r c h g It is not noted that the mold space filled with molding sand is filled with air in a Pressure gradient of greater than 100 bar / s is applied. 2. The method, in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that that the pressure gradient is up to 1000 bar / s. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Pressure difference before and after filling the mold space is between 0.8 and 8 bar. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Mold space filled with molding sand evacuated to approx. 0.2 bar and then suddenly is pressurized with compressed air. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in, that the mold space filled with molding sand, under normal pressure, abruptly is connected to a compressed air reservoir. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the flow of the air flowing into the mold space, preferably at any angle is directed perpendicular to the molding sand surface. 7. Process for compacting foundry molding material in an evacuable one Mold space, in which the filled molding material is placed under negative pressure, thereby characterized in that high-tension compressed air up to the free molding material surface is brought into effect as a free jet at 15 bar. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the mold space first filled with the molding material, then evacuated to 0.4 to 0.2 bar and then the compressed air free jet is brought into effect. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the mold space evacuated to 0.4 to 02 bar, then filled with the molding material and the compressed air free jet is brought into effect on the free surface of the molding material. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that that the compressed air free jet has overshell speed. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that that the free surface of the molding material before the application of the compressed air free jet with a substance that increases the flow resistance of the layer near the surface is covered. 12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that that the molding material is re-pressed mechanically. 13. Device for performing the method according to one of the claims 1 to 6, with a molding space receiving the molding sand, which is of a model, a this surrounding mold frame and a mold space closure on the opposite of the model Side is formed, characterized in that the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) with at least a nozzle opening (6) opening outside the surface (19) of the molding sand and one of these associated closure means (11) is provided, which when opening allows a pressure build-up of more than 100 bar / s in the mold space. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the Nozzle opening (6) is arranged on the mold space closure (5). 15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that the molding space (1,2,3,5) in the area (19) free of molding sand over the nozzle opening (6) is connected to a pressure accumulator (10). 16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that that the axis of each nozzle opening (6) in any, preferably perpendicular, direction is arranged to the molding sand surface (19). 17. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that that each nozzle opening (6) is designed as a Laval nozzle (20). 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that each Laval nozzle (20) is arranged and designed so that the generated by these free radiate about to impinge on the entire free molding sand surface (19). 19. Device according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that that the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) in the area of the model (4) with outflow openings (15) for the air is provided. 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that also in the base of particularly deep contours of the model (4) outflow openings (18) are provided are. 21. Device according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that that the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) optionally via the outflow openings (15, 18) is provided with a vacuum connection (16). 22. Device according to one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that that the mold space closure (5) is designed as a plate having the nozzle opening (6) is. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the Nozzle opening (6) as a flat nozzle (7) with a large cross-section and the L? RschluBeinri rect (11) designed as a large-area poppet valve (12) cooperating with the plate is. 24. Device according to one of claims 17, 18 and 22, characterized in that that in the plate (5) at least one Laval nozzle (20) inserted and the closure device (11) is designed as a poppet valve (12) which is connected to the inflow opening (21) of the Laval nozzle (20) cooperates. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that two or more Laval nozzles (20) are arranged on the plate (5) at the same height and the closure device (11) from a single one, with the inflow openings (21) all Laval nozzles (20) cooperating poppet valve (12) is formed. 26. Device according to one of claims 13 to 25, characterized in that that between the mold space (1,2,3,5) and the compressed air reservoir (10) an antechamber (8) is arranged in which at least the moving parts of the locking device (11) are housed. 27. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16 and 19 to 21, characterized in that between the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) and the compressed air reservoir (10) an antechamber (8) and the nozzle opening (6) with the closure device (11) is arranged on a lateral boundary wall (24) of the prechamber (8). 28. Device according to one of claims 13 to 27, characterized in that that the antechamber (8) around a perpendicular outside the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) Axis swiveling resp. is relocatable. 29. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the Antechamber (8) has a molding sand filling opening which can be closed in a pressure-tight manner. 30. Device according to one of claims 13 to 29, characterized in that that the closure of the mold space (1, 2, 3, 5) forming plate (5, 5 ') on the inner walls of the mold space (1,2) is guided pressure-tight and provided with a lifting drive. 31. Device according to one of claims 13 to 30 with a double-sided Model and one lower and one upper mold space each assigned to a model side, characterized in that at least the lower mold space (1 ', 2', 3 ', 5') associated nozzle openings (20 ') with a compressed air connection (27) for fluidization of the molding sand (25) are provided. 32. Device for performing the method according to one of the claims 7 to 12 with a model plate carrier, an attached molding box, one above located filling attachment and a closure plate, which together form the mold space, and with a garbage can containing the molding material, characterized by an or more into the mold space (31, 32, 34) opening out, connected to a compressed air source Free jet nozzles (44). 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the Wall of the free jet nozzle (44) has openings which can be connected to vacuum (49) are. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the Free jet nozzle (44) has a double wall and that formed by the walls Space is provided with a vacuum connection (49). 35. Device according to one of claims 32 to 34 for implementation of the method according to claim 11, characterized in that in the upper region of the Mold space (31,32,34) a device (45) for spraying liquid onto the free molding material surface (46) is arranged. 36. Device according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that that the free jet nozzle (44) and the spray device (45) on the closure plate (38) are arranged. 37. Device according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that that the closure plate (38) with free jet nozzle (44) and spray device (45) and the molding material filling vessel (34) on a carriage that drives over the filling attachment (34) or Carousel are arranged. 38. Apparatus according to claim 37 for performing the method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the car or carousel also has a Press plate (48) is arranged.