DE31665C - Innovation in globes - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 42: Instruments.

Patent addition to No. 25071 of April 24, 1883.

Patented in the German Empire on December 24th, 1884. Longest duration: April 23, 1898.

The patent no. 25071 protected globe can still be completed to that in addition to determining what has already been cited, he is also responsible for the representation all other solar-telluric processes can be used, namely:

1. To accurately measure the daily and annual rectascensions of the sun;

2. for the determination and explanation of mean time and the equation of time,

3. to the precession of the vernal equinox;

4. for astronomical degree measurement;

5. to compare the sloping horizons and the horizontal direction of the sun on the Globe with the natural horizon and the visibly oblique direction of the sun.

The attached drawing shows:

Fig. Ι a a view of the apparatus,

Fig. Ι b the apparatus in a different position with the auxiliary apparatus (theodolite) in its application:

2 shows the apparatus on average without a globe,

3 shows a section along xy in FIG. 1 with a date disc,

4 shows the basic outline of the base frame.

Figures 5 and 6 show the hour ring with two divisions.

Fig. 7 shows the theodolite placed on the metal meridian on average,

Fig. 8 the same in the basic outline.

The changes are as follows:

The base frame F, FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, carries the ring T ₁ which is rotatably attached at qq and which can be fixed horizontally or in any inclined position by clamping the bow B by means of the screw f .

In this ring T , the plate S with the exact date disc drawn on it is inserted from above and can be turned around as desired within it and locked by the clamping screw t, Fig. 2.

The inclined axis carrier H is also rotatable along the date disc, with a pointer screwed to the same i, FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively, the direction of the vernal equinox. indicates the date of the equinox. The clamping screw η holds the globe axis in the desired position.

The openwork lighting ring R rests on the smooth ring P, FIGS. 2 and 3, the latter being rotatable around the date disc and on which the date hand Z and the sun hand K are also attached.

The peculiar connection of the rings R and r has remained the same as before, except that the hour ring, in addition to the division in hours and minutes, is also provided with an annual division from right to left of 365 parts, each of which represents a day, as from FIGS. 5 and 6 can be seen.

The theodolite has been modified in such a way that the earlier quadrant is replaced by a height circle d, FIGS. 7 and 8, within which the lever h is balanced by being always in a certain position by a weight g

Location is held. The lever h can be directed horizontally or vertically on its axis k or at any angle, which position it then maintains despite all the inclinations of the compass rose-a.

In general, the globe is used with the date disk placed horizontally while the vernal equinox hand points to March 21st is. Then the relevant new demonstrations are as follows:

1. The rectascension of the sun.

The date hand Z is set to March 21st and the hour hand E of the half-meridian c is set to 12 noon, so that the sun hand K and the meridian point towards the vernal equinox. If you move the date hand one or more days to the right, the hour ring r moves a little further with the sun hand and the lighting ring under the stationary hour hand E , and the latter no longer shows 12 o'clock, but 11 and 57 minutes. another earlier time. The minutes respectively. The hours and minutes between the hour hand and 12 o'clock indicate the. Rectascension of the sun, the growth of which is unequal at different times of the year, as more precise determinations on the globe show. The inequality of the true days of the sun can be measured to within a fraction of a minute.

2. The middle sun.

If the sun pointer K is pushed on from day to day after the date disc, it carries out the uneven progression of the true sun; but if one shifts it in such a way that the individual days of the hour ring r come to stand under the stationary hour hand E , then it executes the movement of the central sun, which remains constant throughout the year.

Should the position or the difference between the two suns be for any day, e.g. B. for the second October, the date hand and the hour hand must first be directed to the next of the four days on which the mean and true sun culminate at the same time, i.e. to September 1st. The solar hand K is then adjusted to October 2nd according to the equatorial division of the day, and the meridian to 12 o'clock, so that both are directed towards the mean sun.

If one now gives the direction of the true sun on October 2nd (setting after the date disc), the 12 o'clock line moves under the hour hand gone and this now shows 50 minutes at 11 o'clock. The two suns differ so by 10 minutes, and the true sun is 10 minutes ahead of the mean. The equation of time for October 2nd is therefore 10 minutes.

3. The consequences of the precession result from the observations of the declension at different positions of the vernal equinox hand, and the changes in duration the astronomical seasons can be determined for any century ahead or back will.

4. The new theodolite has the following advantages over the earlier theodolite:

a) When the date disc is in a horizontal position, the balancing lever h (the telescope) always points to the ecliptic; the height circle d only needs to be placed at right angles to the ring R , and the theodolite is then aimed at the sun.

b) The lever h can also be turned parallel to the axis of the globe; it always remains pointed at the Pole Star. (Determination of the latitude and spherical shape of the earth.)

The interfering button is there for the purpose of fastening the theodolite over the North Pole eliminated and the half-meridian extended by about 10 ° beyond the pole, Fig. 1 and 2.

c) With the new theodolite all questions are solved directly, without calculations, which can be set at all with regard to the position of the sun in the sky.

5. The adjustability of the upper foot plate T with the entire apparatus makes it possible to set every horizon of the northern hemisphere parallel to the natural horizon and to convert the horizontal direction of the sun into the oblique direction in which the sun is really seen from the relevant location at the specific time will.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: At the patent no. 25071 protected globe, further devices through which, in addition to those listed in the patent specification, all other solarish telluric processes can be displayed without exception, consisting of the date disc S, which can be rotated around its own center, as well as around the points qq, the one around itself rotatable rings R ^ the adjustable axis carrier H with the pointer i, the doubly divided hour ring r and the theodolite represented by Fig. 7 and 8, the latter consisting of the double rings α and b, the height circles d, the adjustable lever h and the counterweights g . For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.