DE3148271A1 - Device for controlling and non-volatile storing of the rotation direction of a motor - Google Patents

Abstract

In a device for controlling and non-volatile storing of the rotation direction of a motor, at least one switch which is arranged in a motor circuit can be reversed into in each case a bistable position by an electrical reversing pulse. The operating reliability of such a device is improved in that the switch can be reversed by an electronic bistable multivibrator whose one control input has the reversing pulse applied to it and is subjected to only small tolerances of the switching threshold. For rapid and reliable reversal, a ferromagnetic element is furthermore provided which has high remanence and stores the rotation direction of the motor. This ferromagnetic element is magnetically coupled by the multivibrator to a reversible circuit, preferably to the motor circuit, and is fed back via a read line to a control input of the multivibrator. Thus no additional switches and no auxiliary energy is required for reversing the ferromagnetic element in the arrangement of the ferromagnetic element in the motor circuit. <IMAGE>

Description

Control and non-volatile storage facility

the direction of rotation of a motor.

Description The invention relates to a device for controlling and non-volatile storage of the direction of rotation of a motor according to the generic term of Claim 1 Such devices are intended to ensure that a motor, whose direction of rotation can be reversed with the device by a reversing pulse after failure or switching off of the operating voltage and subsequent switching on again the operating voltage runs in the same direction of rotation as it was before it was switched off held.

Such known devices consist essentially of one electromechanical switching element for reversing the direction of rotation, e.g. a bistable Relay or a drum switch, which has a bistable tilt function in the case of pulse-shaped Control takes over.

Example wines are such devices with a bistable electromechanical Switching element used in a well-known alternating current model railway. One with The direction of travel stored on the switching element is changed by briefly increasing the Operating voltage reversed, which thus also contain a reversing pulse can.

In such known devices, however, the switching thresholds the electromechanical switching elements are subject to large tolerances and also Subject to aging to a high degree through wear and tear. You must therefore be precise Be adjusted. In addition, the armature jammed in the relay can cause malfunctions come. In principle, the direction of rotation is switched over with these devices with electromechanical switching elements with a significant delay that occurs when Switching by increasing the operating voltage of the device in a pulsed manner and of the engine leads to the engine speed running up, resulting in undesirable jumps in speed of model railways when switching the direction of travel.

It may be thought of in order to avoid the foregoing shortcomings electronic switching elements in the device for control and non-volatile Save the direction of rotation of a motor to use. Such electronic embodiments but would easily be more complex than the conventional electromechanical Embodiments and / or would use a battery to store the direction of rotation during the time in which the normal operating voltage is switched off or fails.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device for controlling and non-volatile storage of the direction of rotation of the aforementioned To create a species that is subject to only small tolerances of the switching threshold is, which is uncritically adjustable, which can be reversed quickly and reliably during operation is and is characterized by a low susceptibility to failure, in particular as a result of fluctuations in operating voltage or wear and tear. In addition, the device should not provide any auxiliary energy, e.g. battery, and be as inexpensive as possible.

This task is accomplished through the execution of the facility for controlling and non-volatile memories with those mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1 Features solved.

The electronic bistable multivibrator is used every time a reversing pulse reaches its control input, the direction of rotation of the motor by pressing a or several switches in an emergency circuit to redirect.

In addition, the task of the flip-flop is in connection with the ferromagnetic Element after failure or switching off of the operating voltage and switching on again restore the original direction of rotation of the motor before this, if necessary duroh further changeover impulses are switched. To do this, the direction of rotation is specified Failure or

Switching off the operating voltage through magnetic coupling of the ferromagnetic Eletaents are stored with a circuit that can be reversed together with the motor. After restarting the motor, the ferromagnetic element is preferred queried by the motor current. As a result, in the read line passing through the ferromagnetic element is guided, a pulse is generated when the current direction of the motor current when it is switched on again, not the last current direction before Switching off corresponds to. With this pulse, which is fed back to the flip-flop, the motor circuit is switched over so that the motor is now in the same In the direction in which it was turning before switching off.

The main advantages of this egg direction are that upstream by the bistable multivibrator and, if necessary, its control inputs Schmitt triggers the switchover threshold can be set very precisely, so that Large fluctuations in operating voltage without undesired switching are permitted. The accuracy of the switching is practically not subject to aging effects, since pure wear occurs. The reversal of the switch or the Schaltar the the direction of the motor current is determined so quickly that the motor is not in the moves in the undesired direction, but because of its inertia stands still for so long, until the correct starting direction is set by feedback from the multivibrator. These Advantages are achieved in particular when semiconductor switches can be used as switches arranged in the motor circuit.

The ferromagnetic element is particularly advantageous magnetically coupled directly to the motor circuit.

This eliminates the need for separate switches for otherwise required control circuits, which can be switched synchronously to the motor circuit to the direction of motor rotation generate corresponding signals in the ferromagnetic element. Rather, it will in the embodiment of the device according to claim 2, the motor current itself as a control current used to generate the magnetic field strength in the ferromagnetic element, with which the direction of rotation is stored in the element. The same will be the Motor current for reading out the remanent induction when the operating voltage is switched on again used to reproduce the direction of rotation corresponding to the remanent induction. Particularly before geous is the relatively high motor current that allows a simple magnetic coupling in a manner to be shown.

For this purpose, it is used in a particularly expedient manner as a ferromagnetic Element a toroidal core is provided through which at least one motor power line is passed which can be connected to an operating voltage source through the switch.

Such toroidal cores have an approximately rectangular hysteresis loop with high remanence induction. With these commercially available magnetic ring cores, you can Reliable storage of the direction of rotation via one in a relatively inexpensive manner long period of time, and a reading pulse can occur relationally high voltage are generated during reading, which is not susceptible to interference Restoration of the original direction of rotation of the motor can.

When using the relatively high motor current to generate the field strength when magnetizing the magnetic core ring or

The toroidal core does not need to remagnetize in a cumbersome manner To be wound, it is sufficient that the motor current lead through the ring is guided or plugged.

The use of semiconductor switches to reverse the direction of rotation of the motor is particularly unproblematic if there is one of two stator windings in each circuit A switch is inserted for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the motor. At this Arrangement, the two motor power lines are to be magnetically coupled with the toroidal core, which, due to the high motor amperage, is simply plugged through the motor power lines through the toroidal core according to claim 4 can be done. The motor power lines are traversed by the motor current in opposite directions. That that is, after the motor current disappears in the first motor current line, for example the positive remanent induction remain in the magnetic ring core while after Current flow of the second emergency power line results in a negative remanent induction adjusts.

The same effect can also be achieved with a single through the toroidal core guided motor power line can be achieved when this through the switch or the Switches are connected to the operating voltage source and the stator windings that the flow direction is in the single motor power line in the toroidal core reverses.

In a variant of the device, the magnetic element can take place with a motor current line, i.e. a supply line, with one through the motor current be coupled to the magnetized magnetic circuit of the motor. Usually this will be the Be magnetic circuit to which the stator winding or the stator windings is applied respectively.

are.

The motor current wire or the Motor power wires through the magnetic ring core, this is suitable for this train to magnetically couple themselves directly to the magnetic circuit of the motor permit.

A little complex, but effective arrangement of the tilting stage in the device for control and non-volatile storage is specified in claim 9.

In this device, the operating voltage detector is the Output of a switch-on pulse determines when the operating voltage has reached a predetermined level Has exceeded size. The switch-on pulse sets the flip-flop at the set input always in a predetermined direction of rotation, regardless of the direction of rotation that was used during The engine was switched off. By the connected to the reset input of the flip-flop Read line, the direction of rotation of the motor is corrected before it starts up so that that it corresponds to the direction of rotation when switching off.

Subsequently, the control logic specified in claim 10 the reversing input of the flip-flop is activated, so that every time a switching pulse, for example a pulse with a higher voltage than the operating voltage, appears, the flip-flop changes the last bistable tilt position and through an output signal at one of its outputs the switching transistors to change the Direction of rotation reversed.

The control logic provided for suppressing undesired switching states is defined in claim 10.

The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing with two figures explained. They show: FIG. 1 the hysteresis loop of the device according to Figure 2 used magnetic core ring and Figure 2 the circuit arrangement of the device for controlling and non-volatile storage of the direction of rotation of a motor.

In the approximately rectangular hysteresis loop shown in FIG is the positive remanence induction that is assigned to a first binary value, denoted by Br + and the negative remanence induction, which is a second binary value is assigned, with 3r-. With these remanent inductions there is one direction of rotation of the engine is stored in a manner yet to be shown, for example with the positive one Remanent induction the clockwise rotation and with the negative remanent induction the Left rotation. To the magnetization in the toroidal core, its characteristic is shown is to be reoriented when reversing the direction of rotation of the motor, the saturation field strength must in each case Hs can be achieved.

For example, the saturation field strength Hs + must be generated when the Xern is to be brought from the negative remanent induction to the positive one, because with the saturation field strength initially the saturation induction Bs + is to be brought about is. The induction changes when the magnetization is reversed from Br- via Bs to Br +. The field strength H is determined by the motor current in wires to be shown generated, which are pushed through the toroidal core.

In the drawing, 1 designates a motor which has a stator winding 2 for clockwise rotation and a stator winding 3 for counterclockwise rotation. In a power supply line 4 to a switching transistor 5a is arranged in the stator winding 3. Analogously to this, there is a switching transistor in a power supply line 5 to the stator winding 3 6 switched on.

The switching transistors form a motor output stage 7.

A magnetic core memory provided as a ferromagnetic memory element 8 is penetrated by the motor power line 4 in one direction and in the opposite direction Direction from the motor power line 5. The operating voltage of the motor or the operating voltage source lies between the terminal UM on the motor and the ground potential M on the magnetic ring core.

A read line 9 is also passed through the magnetic ring core.

A reset input R of an electronic bistable multivibrator 10 is connected to the read line 9 via a pulse-direction-dependent read amplifier 11 and a gate 12 in connection. - The sense amplifier is a threshold amplifier educated.

A set input S of the bistable multivibrator 10 is supplied by an operating voltage source UB1 via a diode 13, a threshold switch 15, which is designed as a Schmitt trigger and acts as an operating voltage detector, and via a monostable multivibrator 16 controlled.

Another control input CL of the bistable multivibrator 10 receives reversing pulses for changes in direction of the motor 1 via a Schmitt trigger 17 from the terminal Ul.

An output Q or an inverted output Q of the bistable multivibrator 10 is via a gate 18 formed with gates to the base connections of the switching transistors 5 and 6 out. The gate 18 and the gate 12 are controlled by a control logic 19 controlled, the input signals from the threshold switch 15 from the output the monostable multivibrator 16 and from the output of the Schmitt trigger 17 receives. The threshold switch15 is a voltage detector.

The control logic 19 contains, inter alia, a storing element, which determines whether the motor has its previous one by switching on the operating voltage again The direction of rotation is to resume, or whether it is triggered by reversing pulses from the Schmitt trigger 17 must then be switched over. In the latter case, signals from the Read line go out, not forwarded to the reset input of the multivibrator. The control logic also ensures that the outputs Q, Q of the trigger stage only can then be effectively switched to the switching transistors 5a and 6, when the operating voltage has reached a specified minimum level. In the end the gate 18 forwards the output signals to the output Q or Q only then, when the trailing edge of the pulse emitted by the monostable multivibrator 16 appears, so that transition processes in flip-flop 10 are completed.

The device works as follows: When the operating voltage is applied to the terminal UB1, which via the diode 13 the operating voltage smoothed with the capacitor 21 UB2 supplies for the entire arrangement, with the exception of the motor voltage UM the threshold switch 15 is controlled via the voltage divider 14. The control can also be done dynamically instead of using the voltage divider. Exceeds the operating voltage UB1 has a predetermined value of, for example, 5 volts, so the threshold switch gives 15 sends a pulse to the monostable multivibrator 16 and to the control logic 19. The one supplied by the monostable multivibrator Impulse takes part its positive edge the bistable flip-flop 10 via the input S, and the output Q assumes the state of a logical one.

With the trailing edge of the output from the monostable trigger stage 16 Pulse is opened via the control logic 19, the gate 18, so that the output pulse from the output Q of the flip-flop 10 to the base of the switching transistor 5a and opens it.

This creates a motor current IR which, if the toroidal core 8 previously had a negative remanence induction for counter-clockwise rotation, this toroidal core was remagnetized.

The induction voltage occurring in the reading wire 9 triggers on the The output of the sense amplifier 11 emits a pulse that is sent via the gate 12 to the reset input R of the flip-flop 10 controls. This means that the logical one disappears from the output Q and appears at the output a of the bistable multivibrator, and it becomes the stator winding 3 switched on by the switching transistor 6 for counterclockwise rotation. The one that occurs negative read voltage pulse is not passed on by read amplifier 11. Thus, the motor starts running counter-clockwise as with the previous shutdown. The first The motor current was briefly switched on for the "wrong clockwise direction of rotation" so briefly that the motor could not yet start moving.

On the other hand, the original direction of rotation was clockwise in the magnetic ring core 8 stored, the processes run in the following way: In the as in the Switching on the switching transistor 5a described in the previous situation becomes the magnetic ring core 8 not remagnetized. A voltage signal occurs in the reading wire 9 not on, and thus the flip-flop 10 is not switched. The switching transistor 5a leaves the stator winding 2 switched on, so that the motor is switched on for clockwise rotation remain.

Appears to reverse the direction of rotation after switching on again If a reversing pulse is applied to the input terminal Ul, the bistable multivibrator becomes 10 each time switched by the output signal of the Schmitt trigger 17. The control logic 19 blocks gate 18 and thus the motor output stage for the duration of the switchover pulse 7, which comprises the two gate transistors 5a and 6.

The control logic 19 continues to block the others via the gate 13 pulses emitted by the sense amplifier during the reversal of the direction of rotation by the reversing pulses at the terminal UI, since the output from the sense amplifier 11 Signal only indicates the state of the toroidal core magnetization immediately after the operating voltage is applied may report once in order to reverse the flip-flop 10 if necessary.

The preceding description is based on operation with direct current the end. If the device is to be operated with alternating current, then that of the terminal UM upstream rectifier 20 connected to the AC voltage.

If the device is powered by a two-wire system, e.g. for a model railway, points UB1 and UM are connected to terminal UI. In this case, the response threshold of the Schmitt trigger 17 must be above the normal Operating voltage, so that only the reversing pulses, i.e. the pulses are increased Voltage, reversing the bistable multivibrator 10.

The electronic device according to Figure 2 can be integrated technology or in hybrid technology and are particularly suitable for mass production, such as for making toys.

Due to the robustness and reliability of the device, this but can also be used advantageously in industrial and military applications.

Claims (10)

Claims: Device for controlling and non-volatile storage the direction of rotation of a motor, with at least one arranged in a motor circuit Switch that is turned into a bistable by an electrical reversing pulse The position can be reversed, so that the switch (5a or 6) can be reversed by an electronic bistable multivibrator (10) whose the reversing pulse (terminal UI) can be applied to a control input (CL), that to store the direction of rotation at least one ferromagnetic element higher Remanence (magnetic ring core 8) is provided, which is also through the ippstufe (10) reversible circuit (4 or 5) is magnetically coupled and via a read line (9) is fed back to a control input (R) of the flip-flop (10) is. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic element (magnetic ring core 8) directly with the motor circuit (4 resp. 5) is magnetically coupled 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that a toroidal core (8) is provided as a ferromagnetic element through which at least a motor power line (4 or 5) is routed through the switch (5a or 6) can be connected to an operating voltage source (UM). 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that one first motor power line (4) for clockwise rotation in a first direction through the toroidal core (8) is guided that through the toroidal core (8) a second motor power line (5) for Left rotation is guided in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that one only motor power line for either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation through the toroidal core (8) and that the direction of current through the motor current line depends on clockwise rotation or counterclockwise using the switch or the switch is switchable. 6. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic Element magnetically with a magnetic circuit of the magnetized by the motor current Motor is coupled. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the magnetic Element is coupled to the magnetic circuit on which the stator windings are applied are. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by Semiconductor switches (switching transistors 5a, 6) than in at least one motor circuit arranged switches. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, characterized marked, that a power-saving detector emitting a switch-on pulse (15) is connected to a SezteirLgang (S) of the flip-flop (10) that the read line (9) is connected to a reset input (R) of the flip-flop (io) that a Reversing input (CL) of the flip-flop (10) can be acted upon with the reversing pulses and that outputs (Q, Q) each have a control input of a switching transistor (5a, 6) are leaded. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized by a control logic (19), the control outputs of which with inputs from gates (12, gate 18) in front of the reset input (R) and to the outputs (Q, Q) of the trigger stage (10) are connected by the operating voltage detector (ins) and the reversing pulses can be controlled via a Schmitt trigger (17) in such a way that that the gate (12) in front of the reset input (R) is only briefly triggered by the switch-on pulse, but not opened by subsequent reversing pulses and that the gates (gate 18) at the outputs of the multivibrator (10) are only opened after the operating voltage has reached a minimum height and the flip-flop (10) is triggered by the switch-on pulse has assumed a defined switching position.