DE3131487A1 - Systems of matter for sorption heat pumps - Google Patents

Systems of matter for sorption heat pumps

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Publication number
DE3131487A1
DE3131487A1 DE19813131487 DE3131487A DE3131487A1 DE 3131487 A1 DE3131487 A1 DE 3131487A1 DE 19813131487 DE19813131487 DE 19813131487 DE 3131487 A DE3131487 A DE 3131487A DE 3131487 A1 DE3131487 A1 DE 3131487A1
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Prior art keywords
heat pumps
systems
ammonia
thiocyanate
under
Prior art date
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DE19813131487
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German (de)
Inventor
Jochen 6800 Mannheim Jesinghaus
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19813131487 priority Critical patent/DE3131487A1/en
Publication of DE3131487A1 publication Critical patent/DE3131487A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/047Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for absorption-type refrigeration systems

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention filed under the title "Systems of matter for sorption heat pumps" concerns solutions of salts in ammonia, which are to be used in adsorption heat pumps and refrigeration units. The solutions are composed of thiocyanates of the metals lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium. The combination of these salts improves the heat ratio and extends the operating conditions compared with the binary system of ammonia and sodium thiocyanate.

Description

Stoffsysteme für Sorptionswärmepumpen Die Erfindung betrifft Mehrstoffsysteme für den Einsatz in Sorptionswärmepumpen aller Art incl.Wärmetransformatoren,Kühlanlagen, Heizungswärmepumpen usw. Material systems for sorption heat pumps The invention relates to multi-material systems for use in sorption heat pumps of all kinds including heat transformers, cooling systems, Heating pumps, etc.

Stand der Technik: Heute werden fast ausschliesslich die Stoffpaare Ammoniak-Wasser und Wasser-Xithiumbromid eingesetzt.Anlagen mit Methanol-Lithiumbromid und R2 2-T etraethyl englycoldi methylether befinden sich in der Erprobungsphase.Obwohl sehr viele Stoffkombinationen vorgeschlagen wurden,verdienen nur sehr wenige wirklich Aufmerksamkeit: Zu geringer Siedepunktsabstand führt zu Rektifikationsverlusten,zu geringe Löslichkeit begrenzt die Einsatztemperaturen usw..Sehr gute Chancen muss man dem Stoffpaar Ammoniak-Natriumthiocyanat(NH3-NaSCN) zubilligen.Das von Blytas und Daniels (Concentrated Solutions of NaSCN in Liquid Ammonia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84 (1962), S.State of the art: Today, the pairs of fabrics are used almost exclusively Ammonia-water and water-xithium bromide are used. Systems with methanol-lithium bromide and R2 2-T etraethyl englycol dimethyl ether are in the testing phase very many combinations of substances have been suggested, very few really deserve Attention: Too small a boiling point distance leads to rectification losses, too low solubility limits the operating temperatures, etc. Must have very good chances the pair of substances ammonia-sodium thiocyanate (NH3-NaSCN) is attributed to Blytas and Daniels (Concentrated Solutions of NaSCN in Liquid Ammonia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84 (1962), pp.

1075ff) vorgeschlagene Stoffpaar zeichnet sich durch weite Einsatzgrenzen,Stabilität und Nicht-Korrosivität aus.1075ff) proposed pair of fabrics is characterized by wide application limits, stability and non-corrosiveness.

Autgat)e der lGrfin(lung ist, eine Steigerung des 0P (Coefficient Of Performance),d.h. des Verhältnisses Kälteleistung zu Kocherleistung, und damit der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Sorptionswårmepumpen zu erzielen.Autgat) e of the graph is an increase in the 0P (Coefficient Of Performance), i.e. the ratio of cooling capacity to cooker capacity, and thus the profitability of sorption heat pumps.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass mehrere in Ammoniak gut lösliche Salze kombiniert werden, -sodass sich ein Mehrstoffsystem ergibt, das bessere Eigenschaften als das Zweistoffsystem Ammoniak-Natriumthiocyanat aufweist.The object is achieved according to the invention in that several in Ammonia can be combined with readily soluble salts, so that a multi-component system is formed results in better properties than the two-component system ammonia-sodium thiocyanate having.

Betrachtet man einen idealisierten Kreisprozess einer Sorptionswärmepumpe, gekennzeichnet durch - 1oo°%igen Austausch im Lösungswärmetauscher - gegen Null gehende Entgasungsbreite - Kondensatordruck weit unter kritischem Druck - Kondensationstemperatur gleich Absorptionstemperatur - Kondensatkühlung mit Dampf aus dem Verdampfer - Lösungsvorwärmung mit armer Lösung und dem vom Kocher kommenden Dampf, so erkennt man, dass der weit überwiegende Teil der zu- oder abzuführenden Wärmemengen auf den drei Temperaturniveaus von Verdampf er, Kondensator/Absorber und Kocher zu- bzw. abgefiihrt wird.If one considers an idealized cycle of a sorption heat pump, characterized by - 100% exchange in the solution heat exchanger - towards zero extended degassing width - condenser pressure far below critical pressure - condensation temperature same absorption temperature - condensate cooling with steam from the evaporator - solution preheating with poor solution and the steam coming from the stove, you can see that the far predominant part of the amount of heat to be added or removed at the three temperature levels from the evaporator, condenser / absorber and cooker is supplied or discharged.

Da der Wärmeaustausch der Lösung im Lösungswärmetauscher als reversibel angesehen werden kann und mechanische Reibung im Idealprozess nicht auftritt, muss es sich zwangsläufig um einen Drei-Temperaturen-Kreisprozess handeln, dessen thermodynamischer Gütegrad bezogen auf den doppelten Carnot-Prozess im Idealfall gleich eins ist.Die Temperaturen dieses Prozesses werden durch das Lösungsfeld eines Stoffsystems eindeutig festgelegt. Dieses liefert damit klare Hinweise auf den zu erwartenden COP.Speziell bei Salzlösungen ist mit Gütegraden von 80...85% zu rechnen.Because the heat exchange of the solution in the solution heat exchanger is considered reversible can be viewed and mechanical friction does not have to occur in the ideal process it is inevitably a three-temperature cycle, its thermodynamic The quality grade based on the double Carnot process is ideally equal to one Temperatures of this process become clear through the solution field of a material system set. This provides clear information on the COP to be expected In the case of saline solutions, a quality grade of 80 ... 85% is to be expected.

Bezüglich des Carnot-COP schneidet das Stoffpaar N1l3-NaSCN besser ab als NH3-H20 und Methanol-LiBr. Noch bessere COPs lassen sich erreichen, wenn anstatt NaSCN eine Mischung von NaSCN und KSCN verwendet wird. Kaliumsalze verhalten sich endothermer als die entsprechenden Natriumsalze: Bei der Mischung mit NR3 wird weniger Wärme frei, die Kocherleistung wird geringer, und der COP steigt. Allerdings ist in vielen Fällen auch die molare Siedepunktserhöhung schlechter, so dass die Einsatzgrenzen enger sind.With regard to the Carnot-COP, the pair of substances N1l3-NaSCN performs better from as NH3-H20 and methanol-LiBr. Even better COPs can be achieved if instead of NaSCN a mixture of NaSCN and KSCN is used. Behave potassium salts endothermic than the corresponding sodium salts: When mixed with NR3, less heat is released, the stove output is lower and the COP increases. However In many cases, the increase in the molar boiling point is also worse, so that the Application limits are narrower.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Verhältnis von Kaliumthiocyanat zu Natriumthiocyanat deshalb so gewählt, dass sich mit Ammoniak ein nåhezu eutektisches Dreistoffsystem ergibt. Dies ist der Fall, wenn das molare Verhältnis Kalium- zu Natriumthiocyanat etwa 2:1 bis 7:3 beträgt.Eine Lösung dieser Zusammensetzung kann bei üblichen Verdampfertemperaturen praktisch nicht kristallisiert werden und ist deshalb - -ideal geeignet für Sorptionswärmepumpen: Hoher COP, keine Rektifikation, flüssig über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich, thermisch stabil weit über die Zersetzungsgrenze des Ammoniaks hinaus, wegen völliger Wasserfreiheit nicht korrosiv, dank weiter Einsatzgrenzen für hohe Entgasungsbreiten geeignet, geringe spezifische Wärme der Lösung im Vergleich zu Wasser, geringer Preis.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio is from potassium thiocyanate to sodium thiocyanate is therefore chosen in such a way that it reacts with ammonia an almost eutectic three-component system results. This is the case when the molar The ratio of potassium to sodium thiocyanate is about 2: 1 to 7: 3. A solution of these Composition can take place at usual evaporator temperatures practically are not crystallized and are therefore ideally suited for sorption heat pumps: High COP, no rectification, liquid over the entire work area, thermal stable far beyond the decomposition limit of ammonia, due to the fact that it is completely free of water non-corrosive, thanks to wide application limits suitable for large degassing widths, low specific heat of the solution compared to water, low price.

Sollte der Abstand zwischen Absorptions- und Verdampfungstemperatur bei besonders tiefen Verdampfungstemperaturen nicht ausreichend sein, können die Einsatzgrenzen durch Zusatz weiterer Thiocyanate (z.B. LiSCN,CaSCN) noch ausgedehnt werden(Bildung komplizierterer Eutektika). Das Molverhältnis KSCN/NaSCN bleibt jedoch etwa 2:1.Should be the distance between absorption and evaporation temperature may not be sufficient at particularly low evaporation temperatures, the Limits of use due to the addition of further thiocyanates (e.g. LiSCN, CaSCN) extended (formation of more complicated eutectics). However, the molar ratio KSCN / NaSCN remains about 2: 1.

Zu beachten ist, dass Thiocyanate in grösseren Mengen giftig sind, ferner die Möglichkeit der Zersetzung durch Lichteinwirkung (thermische Zersetzung tritt jedoch bei KSCN und NaSCN erst über 400 °C ein).It should be noted that thiocyanates are toxic in larger quantities, furthermore the possibility of decomposition by exposure to light (thermal decomposition however, with KSCN and NaSCN only occurs above 400 ° C).

Claims (6)

Patentansprüche: 1. Stoffsystem für Sorptionswärmepumpen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Arbeitsmittel Ammoniak verwendet wird und die Lösung aus Ammoniak, Natriumthiocyanat und Kaliumthiocyanat besteht.Claims: 1. Material system for sorption heat pumps, thereby marked that ammonia is used as the working medium and the solution is made Consists of ammonia, sodium thiocyanate, and potassium thiocyanate. 2. Stoffsystem wie unter 1., dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das molare Verhältnis Kalium- zu Natriumthiocyanat 1:1 bis 3:1 beträgt.2. Substance system as under 1., characterized in that the molar The ratio of potassium to sodium thiocyanate is 1: 1 to 3: 1. 3. Stoffsystem wie unter 1., dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das molare Verhältnis Kalium- zu Natriumthiocyanat 7:3 beträgt.3. Substance system as under 1., characterized in that the molar The ratio of potassium to sodium thiocyanate is 7: 3. 4. Stoffsystem wie unter 1. bis 3. , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich weitere Stoffe der Lösung und/oder dem Arbeitsmittel zugesetzt werden.4. Substance system as under 1. to 3., characterized in that additional substances are added to the solution and / or to the working medium. 5. Stoffsystem wie unter 4. , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass al.s Zusatzstoffe zur Lösung Lithiumthiocyanat und/oder Calciumthiocyanat sowie andere Thiocyanate verwendet werden.5. Substance system as under 4., characterized in that al.s additives to the solution lithium thiocyanate and / or calcium thiocyanate and other thiocyanates be used. 6. Stoffsysteme wie unter 1. bis 5. , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die betreffenden Stoffsysteme in einem oder beiden Kiszuläufen von Resorptionswärmepumpen eingesetzt wirdw6. Substance systems as under 1. to 5., characterized in that the material systems in question in one or both water inlets of absorption heat pumps is used
DE19813131487 1981-08-08 1981-08-08 Systems of matter for sorption heat pumps Withdrawn DE3131487A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984003804A1 (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-09-27 Leonard J Seltorp Heat transport and electrically conductive working fluid
US4784783A (en) * 1987-12-15 1988-11-15 Erickson Donald C Non-volatile high-lift ammonia vapor absorbent
WO1988010290A1 (en) * 1987-06-19 1988-12-29 Donald Erickson High-temperature non-oxidizing water vapor absorbent

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984003804A1 (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-09-27 Leonard J Seltorp Heat transport and electrically conductive working fluid
WO1988010290A1 (en) * 1987-06-19 1988-12-29 Donald Erickson High-temperature non-oxidizing water vapor absorbent
US4801393A (en) * 1987-06-19 1989-01-31 Erickson Donald C High-temperature non-oxidizing water vapor absorbent
US4784783A (en) * 1987-12-15 1988-11-15 Erickson Donald C Non-volatile high-lift ammonia vapor absorbent

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