DE3110492A1 - Solar collector - Google Patents

Abstract

Heating appliance for houses, industrial installations and the like, for supplying hot water on the principle of a solar collector, of which the structural elements working as heat exchangers are designed as radiation absorbers and are integrated in a constructional unit, additionally possesses, with the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the collector, reducing the heat losses of the absorber and increasing the transparency, between the collector panel and the actual body of the absorber, a foil or a film which is permeable to sunlight and which forms an upper wall of the space receiving the absorber and also appreciably reflects the ultrared radiation of the absorber.

Description

Solar collector

Heating device that works as a solar collector and delivers hot water for houses, industrial plants, etc., their respective, through a transparent pane covered heat transfer medium - or exchanger elements exhibiting, blackened absorber within one, forming a structural unit. Räniens is arranged.

The device serves to direct and diffuse radiation of the Capturing the sun and converting the heat, usually into hot or service water. This thermal energy or hot water is used almost everywhere, e.g. in hospitals, in the household, in bathrooms, swimming pools, holiday homes and apartment buildings, also for outdoor pools, needed.

Solar panels are known, which are installed as individual structural units on roofs or are set up in gardens, with the heat transfer medium flowing through their absorber Via connection lines a water boiler of several thousand liters, also a solar boiler called, is supplied indirectly in such a way that the cold or at a low temperature the boiler water located is heated to a correspondingly high temperature. From the boiler there are connecting lines to the individual consumers, e.g. to the hot water taps in the household, etc. It is also known to run the heat carrier circuit a Regulator to control, to provide the boiler with an expansion tank, in the water pipes Provide control elements such as throttles or valves or, in the case of swimming pools, filter systems.

Electric regulators are known individually in this context.

In a solar collector, the absorber unit consists of a plastic part with one-piece tubes encompassed by a frame for receiving and transporting of the heat transfer medium, roughly comparable to certain motor vehicle cooling units. If a cast glass with increased transmission is also used here, the following can be used Difficulties or reducing the absorption performance of the absorber, the transmission the glass pane also reduces problems. The outer surface of the glass is exposed to any weather and materially resistant, on the other hand fully accessible to the dirt particles that are always present in the air, which are usually consist of dust particles mixed with chemical additives. Especially with During poor rainy days, remedial action can be taken by manually cleaning the surface getting cleaned. In contrast, the inner glass surface of a collector unit is practical not accessible and should not be accessible to collector parts, not even to non-experts not to damage. But it is precisely on the underside of the pane that these dirt particles settle and are not caused by rain or the like. washable.

Experience has shown that this means that no matter how high a quality and disk having a high transmission coefficient by this effect light transmission after a certain period of operation degraded and / or the still permeable light is converted into diffuse light and that this Disadvantage increases with each month of operation; the pane is also very translucent, for the ultrared emitted by the absorber.

In the case of a known solar collector, the problem is also not addressed an aluminum (aluminum) film known per se for increasing the reflection is optimal to train and / or arrange in relation to the absorber. Also are the sealing problems So far not sufficiently solved for practice, the storage of the absorber is not problem-free enough, on the other hand the problem is not sufficiently solved, the collector to be provided with a frame that, once with regard to the mechanics (transport fastening), the optics (connection of glass and not glass parts) and the weather (attack of rain, snow, nl) would have optimal properties in combination. In the case of the boiler, which is systematically connected to the solar collector, occurs on the other hand, in the entry area of the heat carrier, the problem on polarization to avoid declining corrosion at the inlet connection or ladder parts.

The invention is based on the above disadvantages avoid, in particular, the coefficient of effective light transmission to maintain its efficiency and the The performance of the solar collector with optimized mechanical properties is essential to increase and to greatly reduce the heat losses of the absorber.

According to a variant of the invention, it is proposed here that between the covering pane and the absorber a foil or a film made of polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride is arranged. This unites the ability to allow the underside of the pane to be sealed at its edges with very high light transmission5 but also to significantly increase ultrared reflection.

This foil or film is preferably provided with a training a diagram according to Figure 2 is used, which shows the optical spectral distribution for clearly shows visible as well as UV or UR light. It will therefore be an optimum exploited this film / foil.

Another improvement is that the walls and / or the Bottom of the receptacle embedding the absorber with a relatively thin only 0.4 - 0.1 mm, in particular 0.1 mm thick aluminum foil or

Filn is at least partially lined. Here is once the technical knowledge exploited that this thinner aluminum foil is optimal. stores, therefore already from this round the heat losses to the absorber are reduced.

The problem posed is optimally achieved in that between PVF or PVDF film / foil and the underside of the disc a circular die, strand-shaped Sealing profile is present. This is advantageous based on the silicone rubber material or rubber built up The design is advantageously made so that the PVF film or the like. at least partially spans the sealing profile between the pane and the frame face, or undergoes and / or in this way with an additional flat seal in Connection. This optimizes the seal, removing dirt particles the underside of the pane kept away even after years and a kind of high-purity air chamber between disk and absorber each solar collector advantageously created, also by the opposite polarity on the film repel these particles instead of attracting them.

According to a variant of the invention, the absorber is provided with a, 1 Foam layer forming a bottom part downwards, but also laterally through foam parts or areas includes and elastically supported. The storage, transport security, the connection strength to the external connection line and the like. are increased. Also allow the side foam parts especially in order to solve the task, like the sealing profile is to be arranged for the above clean air chamber with long-term operational reliability, since the latter is now additionally supported or connected to this foam part can be. The thermal insulation of the absorber is also particularly increased.

The new three-dimensional shape of the frame according to the invention is a special aluminum frame, So a double profile in its cavity / spaces one or more either massive or other rigid, rod-like or block-like aluminum parts are used. The torsional stiffness will be raised. The stiffening components are preferably only in the corners of the frame arranged in the hollow profile.

These and other embodiments of the invention are set forth in US Pat drawing and are explained in more detail below.

They show: FIG. 1 the solar collectors integrated in a house roof, Fi.2qB the diagram for a preferred embodiment of the PVF film for the clean air chamber, 3 shows a vertical section through the solar collector with absorber, foam areas, Frame hollow profile, mounting brackets, cover plate and the clean air chamber, whereby the right side is broken off, Fig. 4, a section similar to Fig. 3 different Design variants of the solar collector, with the right side broken off in each case Fig. 5 is a side view of the domestic water boiler with the lower one broken away Area and details in the entry area of the hot water carrier in the boiler.

Fig. 1 shows an arrangement of a plurality of solar collectors lo, integrated in the roof of a house, the transparent disc 11 and the surrounding Frame 12 can be seen. The disc advantageously has a slope of 3o to 500, preferably 450 slope to the south, whereby the wattage per square meter of collector surface is enlarged by leaps and bounds; measured with the sun in an approximately vertical position: 760 watts / h Heating capacity at 500 K temperature difference, mean collector T and air temperature.

Fig. 2 shows the diagram for the PVF or PVDF film 13. It is recognizable that in the film according to the invention below the specified possible A range is selected in which the amplitude increase in the near UV, however also rise steeply for the visible light, but for the UR light of the absorber applies that ultrared is strongly reflected. (from 2.7 - 3.75 mm) Further advantages result in particular from FIGS. 3-5. The one made of heat-resistant material, in particular RRypropylene, existing absorber 14 has tubular canals or the like. 15 to accommodate a Heat transfer medium and heat exchange medium, e.g. glycol. To solve an important, application according to the task of isolating the absorber against heat loss, is used his embedding in a first plastic foam layer 16 towards the floor, as well as his lateral enclosure by profiles or components 17 made of plastic foam.

The components 16, 17 can also be used laterally and downwards in an advantageous manner a course for the walls of the absorber 44 receiving Space to be created. This is necessary to take up and store an aluminum foil or an aluminum film 18.

This covers the absorber from below and to the side and takes care of the Reflection of what is radiated outwards by the absorber and otherwise lost Heat output by sending it to the absorber in accordance with the laws of radiation reflection throws back. The slide, or. Film 18 thus provides radiation isolation. the On the other hand, the foil 18 is heated by the foam profiles 16, 17 to this effect takes into account that the heat of the film 18 as contact heat is only negligibly insignificant can flow away because the heat capacity is low due to the low mass.

The PVF or PVDF film 13 advantageously initially closes the receiving space of Absorber 14 upwards. This mainly reduces the heat loss at the absorber Avoided by convection because the absorber largely seals in the smallest of spaces is. Another advantage of the film 13, see the diagram according to FIG. 2, is that - and red that the film is far removed from ultraviolet # and visible light to a high degree the ultra-red (from approx. 2.7 mm) light or radiation is poorly transmitted. The consequence is that the film absorbs the heat radiation of the UR area, which goes back to the absorber, largely and reflected in the smallest distance from the absorber 15 to this and his Radiation isolation further increased. Due to the two component construction, one washer 11 made of glass or acrylic and secondly through transparent film 13 can be the desired Better influence the distribution of the incoming light and the light to be reflected than when using only the disk 11. The two-component design is optimized by the type and arrangement of the film 13 that as little heat energy as possible on the absorber 14 can be lost.

The film 13 extends completely over the solar collector Absorber and to the side of the frame 12. Here it is sealed by a all-round profile made of silicone rubber or rubber.

The profile 19 is advantageously surrounded by the film 13 from below @iogt with the other face on the disk 11 and is with adhesive layers Components 13 and 11 are airtight but also connected elastically. By this measure the clean air chamber 20 is also created between pane 11 and film 13.

It is advantageous to double seal the end 21 of the film 13 expand the clean air chambers 20 by placing the end between the end face of the frame 20 with a flat seal 22 and the latter with a force fit and / or form fit with the Underside of the disc 11 is connected. The flat seal 22 can be made of plastic, Fiber or a rubber material.

The torsional stiffness of the solar collector frame is once through the hollow profile as a frame 12, Fig. 3, ensured, in an advantageous manner Especially in the corner area made of metal, especially aluminum profiles, Rods or blocks 23 are inserted into the cavity. The components 23 can, however also be inherently rigid hollow profiles, as indicated in Fig. 3, bottom left, cf. Component 23a. This frame is also weatherproof, cannot discolour or become a Split off the layer and the llohlbauweise significantly increases the thermal insulation to the side. Also the handling of the collector unit and the attachment of the always necessary auxiliary openings e.g. of holes 24 for the attachment of angle profiles 26 serving screws, rivets or the like.

25 lighter and cheaper because aluminum is easy to drill and mill.

The lateral bracket of the covering disc 11 made of acrylic glass or the like. depending on the individual case, carried out by a metal clip 3o, preferably made of aluminum, which is an L-profile with a nose 31 and a holding finger 32. According to Fig. 3, left, the holding finger @ 2 engages in a hole 33 of an angle profile attached to the frame ' 26th a, whereby between the walls of the components 33, 32 non-positive and / or positive locking utilized will. A further fastening of the disk 11, if at all still necessary, takes place in addition to the pane's own weight by adhesive bonding of the flat seal 22 to the Underside of the disc 11.

In addition, the seals 19 and / or 22 cause sealing against Rain, moisture and other weather influences.

The fact that disk 11 is arranged overlapping at the lower edge, see FIG all moisture corners are avoided in this area and the water can flow freely. A leak is also excluded here (collector is stationary 30 to 50 ° inclined) ..

Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrate schematically the side connection from frame to frame, or a detail of the water drainage.

Here the area of the frame is shown above (but below in Fig. 3). Here, a roofing film 35 connects parting lines to the side or horizontally between frame profiles 20 in an absolutely watertight manner. Here is one too It is advisable to attach the upper flat seal 22a, which consists of silicone rubber and is one or more parts. A component according to Art an inclined channel 37 created for advantageous water drainage.

In the case of the hot water boiler 14, see FIG. 6, between the metals of the one of the elements 15 transporting the heat medium of Absorber 14 to be connected connecting pipe 41 and the boiler material polarization voltages occur which lead to corrosion. This is done to advantage by employing a Sleeve 42 made of Durmetall (hard metal) between the material of the boiler and the material the line 41 avoided. It can be in a connecting flange 43 or directly be provided on the inlet connection of the boiler 4o. This creates leakage currents and hot water discharges avoided. DietHeizspirale is shown at 44. Connection lines from the boiler to the consumer are not shown because in this context is not relevant to the invention. The temperature of the boiler can be about 80 °. If a heat pump is used, the boiler can be kept constant at approx. 440C. It serves as a preheating boiler in large systems. In this case the water used for consumption can be treated in a manner known per se.

An electrical circuit prevents that when the The temperature in the boiler, e.g. 850C, exceeds the disadvantages caused by boiling water or the Vapor phase occur. This can be controlled by a three-way mixing valve, which is a cooling spiral at a predetermined point on the connecting line switches on and reduces the temperature. The regulation can also ensure that that --- if the heat of the absorber after e.g. several continuous sun-free Days has sunk --- the supply of the cooled coolant to the Warin water boiler Underburl (len becomes normal again and only at a predetermined temperature heat supply he follows. A metal kettle with plastic inside in the collector and around the kettle is used as the kettle 40 coating used. The foam type, # components 16,17, is so srorge, see that this is highly heat-resistant. A variant of the invention provides that the Sealing profile 19 has cavities and thus increased elasticity.

The solar collector according to the invention in the optical two-component 7 ten by the double or hollow profile frame made of aluminum iii 1011 are special D-lined and heat-insulating foam profiles (also available as on-site and Place foamed mass sprayed without profile) also increases, in combination, the optical, mechanical and heat-insulating efficiency of the solar collector unit as such as the integration of many of these units in an overall structure such as in the roof or outdoors.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, see FIG. 3, at the same time or exploited another advantage of the absorber next to one another. Is located the solar collector -in an area where: eer- or brak water i.e. undrinkable Water, which is easily obtained, is heated with the help of the absorber. The now evaporation or evaporation taking place results in a suitable device for condensation and drinking water or

distilled water can be obtained. This is shown schematically in the film. 3 shown. Here is an inlet support 15a of the heat exchanger elements 15 of the Absorber 14 with a sea or brak water containing supply line 15c via a connection fitting 15d, which can consist of flanges, and / or a Control valve 15e, which is only drawn as a unit, are connected.

On the other hand, an output stub 15b is the heat exchanger elements 15 of the absorber 14 via a corresponding line or a hose to a Connection fitting of a condensation chamber 15f connected. In this chamber which is cooled by the incoming water and preheats it, finds the Condensation of unclean water on individually known condensation surfaces instead of. The draining condensation water is collected via gutters and flows into a drinking water chamber, not shown, for further use. The condensation chamber absorbs both the evaporating liquid or its vapor, depending on the degree of warming of the absorber 14.

It is also advantageous, see FIG. 6, the heat storage boiler 40 to be provided with a temperature sensor 40a extending to the bottom of the boiler.

The thermal insulation of the hot water storage tank results from a Concrete or similar sheathing at a distance of approx. 200 mm from the storage tank. The concrete shell is lined with glass fleece with glued aluminum foil, 80 mm, and the rest with completely foamed with a special two-component foam. This results in a very good insulation and heat loss is almost completely avoided.

Advantageous variants are as follows: With large Spei @ herkessel @ becomes 1/3 to 1/2 of the content with full glass balls or glass or enamelled metal balls filled in by first one longer storage with slower To obtain heat release and secondly to reduce the heat transfer fluid, there this is expensive and time-consuming. The universal solar system works preferably as directly as possible without a heat exchanger 'with one and the same liquid. Only the Hot water part 44 Fig. 6 is heated with a flow heater. Through this the circulated worm transfer fluid is limited.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

Claims that work as a solar collector and deliver hot water Heating device for houses, industrial plants and the like. Exchanger elements having blackened absorber within a frame forming a structural unit is arranged, characterized in that between this disc (11) and the Absorber (14) additionally arranged a foil or film that is permeable to sunlight is, the or the one upper wall of the absorber (14) receiving space (14a) al also forms the ultrared radiation of the absorber significantly or specifically reflecting is trained. 2.) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that this Foil made of polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride. 3.) Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that this film or film can be seen from the diagrams of FIGS. 2 A, B optical spectral distribution with relatively high light permeability for sunlight, but greatly reduced permeability for ultra-red, especially long-wave (2.7 microns and above) has ultra-red. 4.) Device according to one of the preceding claims, with a Reflector element for the absorber, characterized in that the walls and / or the bottom of the receiving space (14a) embedding the absorber with a thin aluminum foil or film at least are partially lined, preferably by a thickness of 0.4-0.1 mm, in particular loo micron thickness. 5.) Device according to egg nem of claims 1-4-, characterized in that that between the foil or the film (13) and the covering pane (11) in the frame edge area a circumferential, strand-like sealing profile (19) based on silicone rubber or. Rubber is present and forms a clean air chamber (20). 6.) Device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that that between an end face of the frame (12) and the underside of the disc (11) another, designed as a flat seal (22), with the end (21) of the film (13) connected, or is arranged by this under-gripped seal, preferably made of silicone rubber or silicone rubber. 7.) Vorrichtilng according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that profile parts (16, 17) or foamed material areas made of highly heat-resistant Plastic foam at least partially surround the absorber (14) or the walls form its receiving space (14a). 8.) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that these receptacle walls are made of an aluminum film only 100 to 200 microns thick (18) are at least partially lined. 9.) Heating device according to one of the preceding claims, with a Metal frame, characterized in that the frame is at least plastic or plastic partially consists of aluminum hollow profile and preferably between the inner ones Hollow walls one or more additional torsion-resistant components, preferably Solid aluminum or hollow profiles and in the corner area. lo.) Heating device according to one of the preceding claims, whose storage absorber connected to the hot water boiler through a heat transfer pipe stands, characterized in that between the outer wall of this line in the entry area into the boiler and the opposite wall of the boiler5 its inlet nozzle, or inlet flange of different materials separating these materials Component, e.g. a bushing, hub, intermediate ring, or the like. made of Durmetall (carbide) to prevent polarization and the formation of leakage currents. 11.) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the inlet support (15a) of the heat exchanger elements (15) of the absorber (14) with a supply line (15c) containing sea or brackish water via a connection fitting (15d) and / or a control valve (5e), but its output support (1r3b) with a Condensation chamber (15f) for receiving the released steam and for extraction of the condensate as drinking or distilled water. 12.) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that. the heat storage boiler (40) extends up to almost the boiler bottom Has temperature sensor (40a). 13.) Device according to one of the preceding claims 1-12, for larger ones Spe @ cherkesseln, characterized in that this partially, preferably by 1/3 up to half, with beads @ h @ n made of metal and / or glass or a glass-like or enamelled layer having beads is filled.