DE308658C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE308658C DE308658C DENDAT308658D DE308658DA DE308658C DE 308658 C DE308658 C DE 308658C DE NDAT308658 D DENDAT308658 D DE NDAT308658D DE 308658D A DE308658D A DE 308658DA DE 308658 C DE308658 C DE 308658C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- manure
- calcium chloride
- carbonate
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L MgCl2 Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 B. by sulfuric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-O chloroamine;hydron Chemical compound Cl[NH3+] QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium carbonate Chemical compound N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 Calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036826 Excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940100996 SODIUM BISULFATE Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydron;carbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011776 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
Vi 308658 KLASSE 16. GRUPPEVi 308658 CLASS 16TH GROUP
Dr. ALBERT STUTZER in GODESBERG a. Rh.Dr. ALBERT STUTZER in GODESBERG a. Rh.
Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 25. Dezember 1917 ab.Patented in the German Empire on December 25, 1917.
Die flüssigen Ausscheidungen der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere enthalten an stickstoffhaltigen Bestandteilen vorzugsweise Harnstoff, der in den Ställen durch Bakterien sehr schnell in kohlensaures Ammoniak übergeführt wird. Infolge der Flüchtigkeit des kohlensauren Ammoniaks gehen große Mengen von diesem aus dem Stalldünger und aus der Jauche verloren und ist hierdurch eine wesentliehe Wertverminderung des Düngers bedingt. Die Bindung des Ammoniaks kann zwar durch starke Säuren, z. B. durch Schwefelsäure, oder saure Salze, wie Natriumbisulf at, geschehen, indes ist der Gebrauch derartiger, stark ätzend wirkender Stoffe in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis unbequem und gefährlich. Von nicht sauren Stoffen hatte man bereits vor längerer Zeit zur Bindung des Ammoniaks in Ställen den Gips in Vorschlag gebracht. Dieser ist jedoch schlecht geeignet, um kohlensaures Ammoniak vor Verflüchtigung zu schützen, weil einerseits- bei der Temperatur der Ställe die Umsetzung des nicht leicht löslichen Gipses (unter Entstehung von Ammoniumsulfat und Calciumcärbonat) unvollständig erfolgt und andererseits die Rückbildung eines Teiles der beiden zuletzt genannten Stoffe zu Ammoniumcarbonat und Calciumsulfat geschehen kann (z. B. siehe Adolf Mayer, Agriculturchemie, 6. Aufl., Bd. II, 2, S. 59).The liquid excretions of the farm animals contain nitrogenous Constituents preferably urea, which in the stables by bacteria very much is quickly converted to carbonate of ammonia. Due to the volatility of the carbonic acid Large quantities of ammonia are lost from the manure and manure and is therefore an essential part of the process Reduction in value of the fertilizer is conditional. The ammonia can be bound by strong acids, e.g. B. by sulfuric acid, or acidic salts such as sodium bisulfate, but the use of such, highly corrosive substances are uncomfortable and dangerous in agricultural practice. Of non-acidic substances, plaster of paris was suggested a long time ago to bind ammonia in stables brought. However, this is poorly suited to prevent carbonate of ammonia from volatilizing to protect, because on the one hand- at the temperature of the stables the implementation of the not easy soluble gypsum (with the formation of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate) incomplete takes place and on the other hand the regression of part of the last two mentioned Substances to ammonium carbonate and calcium sulfate can happen (e.g. see Adolf Mayer, Agriculturchemie, 6th edition, Vol. II, 2, p. 59).
Außerdem wirkt Gips in anderer Weise nachteilig, worauf z. B. W. Schneidewind in dem Buche »Ernährung der landwirtschaftliehen Kulturpflanzen« 1915, S. 235, aufmerksam machte. Der Gips geht im Gemenge mit den - organischen Stoffen durch Reduktionsvorgänge teilweise in Schwefelcalcium über, das für das Wachstum der Pflanzen nachteilig ist.In addition, plaster of paris has a disadvantageous effect in other ways, whereupon z. BW Schneidewind in the book "Nutrition of Agricultural Cultivated Plants" 1915, p. 235, drew attention. In a mixture with the - organic substances, the gypsum is partly converted into calcium sulphide by reduction processes, which is disadvantageous for the growth of plants.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß das sehr leicht lösliche Chlorcalcium die Eigenschaft hat, das kohlensaure Ammoniak des Stalldüngers und der Jauche in einer für die praktischen Verhältnisse völlig genügenden Weise vor Verflüchtigung zu schützen, indem ungefähr 95 Prozent des vorhandenen kohlensauren Ammoniaks in Chlorammonium sich umwandeln lassen.It has now been found that the very easily soluble calcium chloride has the property has the carbonic acid ammonia of the manure and the liquid manure in one for the practical Relationships fully sufficient way to protect from volatility by about Convert 95 percent of the existing carbonate of ammonia to chlorammonium permit.
Vermischt man Lösungen von kohlensaurem Ammoniak und von Chlorcalcium, so scheidet sich in nicht zu langer Zeit kohlensaurer Kalk aus. Das Chlorcalcium läßt durch andere Chloride der Alkalien sich nicht ersetzen, auch nicht durch Chlormagnesium. Das durch Zugabe von Chlormagnesium entstehende Chlorammonium hat bekanntlich . die Eigenschaft, Magnesiahydrat und basisches Magnesiumcarbonat zu lösen, die Flüssigkeit bleibt alkalisch und hindert die alkalische Reaktion die Verflüchtigung von kohlensaurem Ammoniak nicht.If one mixes solutions of carbonate of ammonia and of calcium chloride, one separates carbonate of lime will be found in a not too long time. The calcium chloride lets through others Chlorides of alkalis cannot be replaced, not even by magnesium chloride. That through It is known that chlorammonium is added to the addition of magnesium chloride. the property, Magnesia hydrate and basic magnesium carbonate dissolve, the liquid remains alkaline and the alkaline reaction prevents the volatilization of carbonate of ammonia not.
Die Menge des zu verwendenden Chlorcalciums richtet sich nach dem Gehalt der Düngstoffe an kohlensaurem ^Ammoniak. Sind in ι cbm der gewöhnlichen Jauche 2 kg Stickstoff in Form von flüchtigen Ammoniakverbindungen enthalten, so würden, der Rechnung nach, .8 kg Chlorcalcium (als wasserfreies. Salz angenommen) nötig sein, um jene Menge von flüchtigem Ammoniak zu binden. In der Praxis empfiehlt es sich, größere Mengen, un-The amount of calcium chloride to be used depends on the content of the Fertilizers of carbonate of ammonia. There are 2 kg of nitrogen in 1 cbm of ordinary liquid manure contained in the form of volatile ammonia compounds, according to the calculation, .8 kg of calcium chloride (as anhydrous. Salt) may be necessary to bind that amount of volatile ammonia. In the In practice, it is advisable to use larger quantities,
(2. Auflage, ausgegeben am io. September igig.)(2nd edition, issued on September io.)
gefähr 25 kß Chlorcalcium für 1000 1 Jauche, zu nehmen.To take about 25 kß of calcium chloride for 1000 l liquid manure.
Da die Umwandlung des Harnstoffes in kohlensaures Ammoniak bereits im Stalle beginnt, gebe man den Zusatz schon dort und nicht erst später auf dem Hofe.Since the conversion of urea into carbonate of ammonia begins in the stable, give the addition already there and not later in the yard.
In den meisten Fällen wird man vorziehen, statt des festen Chlorcalciums eine konzentrierte Lösung dieses Salzes, etwa eine Lösung von 36 ° Be, die ungefähr 35 Prozent des wasserfreien Salzes enthält, zu nehmen. Von dieser Lösung wird so viel yerwendet, als obigem Verhältnis, auf trockenes Chlorcalcium berechnet, annähernd entspricht. Die Lösung wird entweder automatisch, aus einem Apparat tropfend oder in anderer Weise von Zeit zu Zeit in die Jaucherinnen gegossen, außerdem bei der Reinigung des Stalles mit einer Gießkanne ausgespritzt. In gesundheitlicher Hinsicht ist der Gebrauch von Chlorcalcium sehr wichtig, indem die Luft im Stalle frei von riechenden Ammoniakverbindungen bleibt.In most cases it will be preferred to use concentrated calcium instead of solid calcium chloride Solution of this salt, about a solution of 36 ° Be, which is about 35 percent of the contains anhydrous salt. So much is used of this solution as corresponds approximately to the above ratio, calculated on dry calcium chloride. The solution will either be automatic, dripping from an apparatus, or otherwise from time to time Time poured into the sewers, also when cleaning the stable with a watering can hosed out. In health terms, the use of calcium chloride is great important because the air in the stable remains free of odorous ammonia compounds.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE308658C true DE308658C (en) | 1900-01-01 |
Family
ID=561888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DENDAT308658D Expired DE308658C (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE308658C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE934593C (en) * | 1951-11-06 | 1955-10-27 | Yrjoe Kauko | Process to prevent nitrogen loss from manure |
| EP0424596A1 (en) * | 1989-10-25 | 1991-05-02 | Aegten | A method for processing manure and a substance used therewith |
-
0
- DE DENDAT308658D patent/DE308658C/de not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE934593C (en) * | 1951-11-06 | 1955-10-27 | Yrjoe Kauko | Process to prevent nitrogen loss from manure |
| EP0424596A1 (en) * | 1989-10-25 | 1991-05-02 | Aegten | A method for processing manure and a substance used therewith |
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