DE3028749A1 - Modular solar energy collecting system - concentrates radiation into heat store used for heating medium in power producing cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The modular assembly comprises an array of mirrors (16) which concentrate solar radiation into the centre of a heat store (15), e.g. via a swivelable convex mirror (17). The centre of the store may contain a steel wool-filled sphere (19) which transmits the heat via a concentric spherical area (20). This area is filled with steel or cast iron scrap, to a sand-filled space (21) around it within a jacketed container (15), the jacket being evacuated. Concentric toroidal chambers (high 23, medium 24, and low-temp. 25 chambers) surround the heat store, and energy is transferred from these chambers to a power producing engine e.g. by air flowing through them. Alternative modular radiant heat exchange units may be used as well as different types of engines.

Description

Modular system for collecting and using direct and ins

direct solar radiation energy with the aim of self-sufficient heating, Cooling, lighting, hot water supply etc. of buildings of all kinds and intended use.

Despite many efforts, it has not been possible to date at]) demonstration facilities solely by means of solar thermal energy generation using low-temperature collectors and medium temperature concentrators also in the temperate zone of the borde, for example in Central Europe, the substitution of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels to be achieved to the full or at least to a large extent and beyond still to meet the requirements of the economy. That’s why one also represents today in specialist circles the view that it is unavoidable in the case of a direct radiation offer from about 1600 to 1900 hours of sunshine a year with an external energy source Compression heat pump to work and be satisfied with a partial substitution. These considerations led to the result that the latest state of development - as far as it could be obtained from the applicant - through the combination exposed absorber pipe groups with lBlelstro or diesel heat pumps is. The use of a bivalent-alternative or a bivalent-parallel is suggested Heating system and apparently resigns itself to the fact that only about 65 to 75 % of the previous fuel requirement can be substituted. So this means., that 25 to 35% of the heating oil or heating gas requirement of the classic "heating systems also in the future must be provided in order to supply one in Central Europe to ensure lying structure with thermal energy. One hardly even dares to hope that the situation in Mediterranean countries could be much more favorable J) he Applicant by no means shares this skeptical basic attitude, but acknowledges this a whole series of serious errors in reasoning. He is convinced that a monovalent heating system, consisting of absorber, concentrator, medium temperature storage tank and heat pumps with a storage-coupled drive would certainly be able to create a building to make it completely self-sufficient. Already in his patent application from 03/15/1977 "Hochbau-System in support / shell construction based on a new type of modular system ... "and the Additional registrations from April 28th, 1977 and June 10th, 1977 he tried to provide evidence to lead that even a pure concentrator system in an integrated construction is quite possible would be a most extensive substitution of the fuels required up to now to enable and with reasonably favorable conditions even energy surpluses to achieve. The applicant emphasized the fact that that with such a solution the total construction costs by no means significantly exceed the effort for a comparable object of conventional construction would be if the integration the energy supply would be realized to the last consequence.

It must be all the more plausible for anyone who knows the problem if according to the invention the assertion is made that the inclusion of a sufficiently dimensioned absorber surface and a "solar heat pump" in a central respectively.

High temperature system paves the way to absolute self-sufficiency of a building is able to level. There is no particular emphasis on maximizing the profitability of such an energy system is primarily a profound one Knowledge and years of experience in structural engineering and building physics presupposes.

Since the A b s o r b e r according to the invention, the upper shell of a so-called Cold roof represents, it must take over the function of a watertight roof whose flexural strength is large enough to withstand the maximum wind forces and snow loads to take up with the appropriate span and to the lower shell or the Purlin construction ZU transferred.

This task is almost optimal through the connection of two he trapezoidal profile sheets made of thermoplastic-coated light metal in a mirror-inverted arrangement. It is necessary to have an unequal division of the upper and lower beads to choose this way between the adjacent sloping trapezoidal cavities to create in which the brine cycle takes place. The touching ones The corrugated surfaces of the two profiled sheets are advantageously made by means of swelling united. Cold riveting can be used as an additional safeguard for the connecting surfaces Considered, with high probability, is such a measure but superfluous. Assume, for example, that the trapezoidal profile is a Having a pitch of 12 mm, there are 16 longitudinal channels with a parallelogram Cross-section with an absorber width of 1000 mm. The channel width corresponds to - without Taking into account the thickness of the coated sheet - half the difference of the Bead widths, the duct height corresponds to the bead height. As a result of the mirror image and only offset coupling of the two similar trapezoidal profile sheets From a static point of view, the result is a symmetrical composite cross-section with a central Zero line. From this follows the equality of numbers of the bending stresses in the "edge fiber areas" the two sides of the absorber and thus full utilization of the load-bearing material.

The composite system according to the invention of the absorber plate does not provide only from a static point of view, but also from an economic point of view, is optimum because the Longitudinal channels for the brine circuit are created as a waste product, so to speak, although they have the unusually large number of 16 pieces / m - in the example chosen. The geometry of the heat transfer zones also largely corresponds to the ideal case. This means that the temperature gradient between the ambient air and the absorber surfaces in the interests of a particularly high figure of merit for the heat pump and a delay the absorber freezing can be rather low. The entire heat transfer area t the considerable value of about 3.t) m2 / m2 floor area, the specific heat transfer is around 70 W / m2K. This applies to an average wind speed of 2 m / s.

The absorber plate advantageously has a width of 1000 mm, the length must be based on the conditions of the respective building. at the planning of a full roof as a component of the .nergiesystem according to the invention is the distance between the eaves and the ridge as the starting point for determining the length to use. The cross-sectional parallelogram-shaped longitudinal channels for the brine circuit are connected to the supply and return lines on both sides, the t is expedient consist of light metal rectangular tubes and the actual absorber plate at the front limit. The total length of an absorber element is thus the length of the Trapezoidal composite sheets and the width of the aechteclrrohre determined.

The side edges of the element are formed so that a flexible yet watertight connection with the neighboring elements as possible simple and permanent way can be made. This also applies accordingly for the mouths of the two pipes for flow and return.

The attachment of the absorber panels to the supporting structure of the cold roof takes place by means of spacer bolts, for the corresponding holes in the positive Grooves of the trapezoidal composite profile are provided. The bolts must be protected against corrosion be and have a thread in the fastening area, the height adjustment under Use of a support nut and a fixing nut allowed.

The thermal insulation layer of the lower cold roof shell can only serve its purpose then meet when they are largely dry during the entire course of the year Maintains state. The use of insulation boards made of extruded polystyrene rigid foam is preferred closed-cell structure, one can in many cases of construction practice on a water-bearing Do without cover film. It is then completely sufficient if you have a closed vapor barrier layer arranged below the thermal insulation layer and in this way the removal of the Back-drip condensate ensures. The partial diffusion resistance of the vapor barrier may be very low because the latent heat of the absorber Bottom 1on ('ensuing water vapor is recovered via the brine circuit. The described ; old roof construction enables considerable cost savings. Alternatively you can naturally also use a thermal insulation layer made of mineral fiber material, if you want to accept a water-bearing cover film. In this case However, a higher quality vapor barrier must be installed.

With a pitched roof it must be taken into account that the hydrostatic The pressure of the brine in the eaves area is of the order of 0.5 to 0.8 atü can lie. For this reason, this sub-zone can be secured Take additional riveting into consideration. One would - which is theoretically conceivable would - instead of the closed one, could use an open brine circuit no overpressure builds up if the brine channels of the absorber plate do not accumulate any liquid Experienced.

In the field of industrial construction, in the one or two-storey building Halls with flat roofs dominate, it is advantageous for the absorber elements to use standardized steel sheets instead of light metal sheets and a profile height of approximately 120 mm to choose. In this way, considerable spans can be bridged will. Since it is a cold roof system, one must also in this case heat-insulating lower shell can be arranged. A particularly economical construction results from using the principle of the suspended ceiling and the load-bearing one Plate, for example, made of thin light metal profile sheets of low static Composed height. But there is also the possibility of self-supporting sandwich panels to use in large format and to integrate the required thermal insulation layer. In the interests of the quickest possible removal of the rain and the back-drip condensate both cold roof shells should have a certain minimum slope. Furthermore is make sure that both the height of the ventilation space and the cross-section the ventilation openings on the front should be generously dimensioned. this applies especially if the flat roof in question is very large and therefore makes long flow paths necessary.

It almost goes without saying that the absorber elements according to the invention are not limited to the roof area of a building, but in principle can also be used as exterior wall cladding. From a building physics point of view In such a case, it is a rear-ventilated wall system with a room-side Thermal insulation layer. As a rule, a vapor barrier can be dispensed with condensate on the inside of the absorber I, cuet le t additional energy gain for the heat pump.

The absorber stack offers a further area of application consists of a larger number of elements of the same size, which are at certain intervals stacked on top of each other and connected to each other in a gust-proof manner. Such a Stack can be used both above ground - as an air heat exchanger - and underground - as a geothermal or water heat exchanger - perform well. The specific heat transfer area is in the order of 50 m2 / m3, which gives a specific heat transfer of approximately 1150 W / m3K at an average wind speed of 2 m / s, If the absorber stack is not used to cool the ambient air, but rather of the groundwater or the moist soil, then the specific one increases Heat transfer quite considerable. As a result of the thermoplastic coating, there is a risk a gradual destruction of the individual elements by corrosion to a minimum reduced. The erection of an absorber stack is particularly recommended, if multi-storey buildings with a relatively small number of roof areas use environmental energy should be supplied. The applicant understands the number of roof areas as the ratio from usable roof area to enclosed space. A wide field of application is related visible with the renovation of the old line.

In some cases, the creation of absorber fences can prove to be make sense. For the purpose of increasing the specific heat transfer area and Improvement of the air flow is proposed according to the invention, the individual To arrange elements in "staggered overlap", the connection of the flow and return pipes can be implemented without difficulty.

The K o n z e n t r a t o r system is used to generate process heat high level from direct solar radiation.

It can therefore only be accommodated in building or building site areas that are exposed to the sun for as long as possible of the day. With pitched roofs this is usually the case when it is oriented to the southeast, south or southwest are; There are no restrictions whatsoever for flat roofs in an open position. A cheap one Position also provides a northwest, north, or northeast property line.

The concentrator system according to the invention consists of plate-like Reflector elements of the same rectangular format and made of rod-like support elements with infinitely variable length adjustment.

Three pairs of supporting elements are assigned to each reflector element, have the articulated connection with the corner areas of the reflector plates. By From a static point of view, this principle results in a three-dimensional parallel belt carrier with rising and falling diagonals, which is high despite the adjustable rod length Has dimensional stability. The reflector elements represent the rising diagonals their inclination to the system level is determined by the length of the falling diagonals determined, whose infinitely variable adjustability, the definition of any angle of inclination between two limit values of, for example, 300 and 600.

he single reflector element consists of a rigid base plate, two parallel perimeter tubes and preferably six square facet plates together, which are arranged in two rows of three plates each. Every facet plate is equipped with 3 x 3 = 9 plane mirror units, the format of which is in the order of magnitude of 100 x 100 mm. As particularly resistant to aging and easier to clean According to the invention, the material is what is known per se, but so far for a different type Purposes used glass mirror mosaic with fabric lamination into consideration that in appropriate Groups of nine can be cut to size and the individual faceted panels are weatherproof is glued in a special way, Another option is mass-produced Thermo- or duroplastic sheets with aluminum mirror coating in a vacuum vapor deposition process to use and thereby possibly to gain an @ cost advantage. With this method there is no fabric lamination on the back, the required aluminum trough formation within the nine-facet can be implemented with little effort. With regard to long-term behavior however, there is still no reliable statement.

The "focal length18 of the nine-facet decreases with increasing Trough depth; this is analogous to the parabolic mirror. Instead of a focal point however, only a square "focal point" with a side length of approximately 100 x 100 mm, the concentration factor is 9. As the six facet plates of a reflector element are adjustable, a concentration factor is achieved of 54 per element. The mirror area of 54 dm2 or 0.54 m2 is when it is cloudless Heaven with a radiation energy of approx. 540 W applied when the solar rays hit vertically and the location is about 500 m above sea level. With a Group of 10 reflector elements can therefore be used in the most favorable case Capture considerable radiated power of 5.4 kW and with little loss concentrate an area of 1 dm2 or 100 cm2. Would you like the reflector elements Equip with 5 x 2 = 10 facet plates - this would correspond to one reflector plate length of about 1.50 m - one would even arrive at a maximum radiation power of 9.0 kW / dm2.

By arranging several reflector groups in parallel or at an acute angle the maximum radiation output of the concentrator system can be increased considerably. This fact is particularly important in the field of industrial construction, because there is usually a high demand for process heat here. For this reason According to the invention, a "hybrid system" is also proposed in the "energy kit" incorporate the properties of an absorber system with those of a concentrator system combined. The brine for supplying the heat pump with environmental energy flows in this case through parallel channels in the interior of the base plate of the reflector element and in this way enables it to be used twice. On i m2 of mirror surface there are approximately 3 m2 of heat transfer surface, which have an average cooling capacity of around 70 W / K. As a result, the reflector elements also meet an important task in the absence of direct solar radiation and improve the economy of the erfindungsge mouse energy kit. An optimum is achieved when one the spatial parallel belt carrier for the construction described on page 7 a monopitch or shed roof and the thermal insulation layer as well as the water-bearing Roof cladding hangs on the underside. One can, for example, between two neighboring Arrange a reflector-free field with the same axis width on the parallel belt supports and achieve that the roof penetrations often required in industrial buildings can be easily planned.

If there is already an absorber roof, you will normally need all of them brine-bearing Iteflector base plates can be dispensed with. I) a cannot be done through only the cost, but also the dead weight by a certain amount to reduce.

The concentrator system is attached to the absorber system by means of corrosion-protected threaded bolts that are inserted into the holes in the trapezoidal profile beads be anchored. Series-produced pipe clamps are useful accessories, which enclose the lower chord of the reflector group and fix it in a storm-proof manner.

The bundling of the reflected solar radiation on the focal point is only possible if the inclination of the individual eflector elements in a group can be adjusted separately.

In the case of a parallel group longitudinal axis, the connection joints of the base plates must brought on the lower chord bars from the rectangular grid into a parallelogram grid will. This requirement can easily be met by considering the system nodes trains as ball joints or quasi-ball joints. It is also necessary for each individual To correct facet plate with respect to their spatial position. This task is achieved according to the invention in that each facet plate in the centimeter on one elastic hemispherical hump, which serves as a two-axis tilting bearing. In each The corner of the plate is a small adjusting screw arranged, whose Shaft against the base plate surface or a spacer cylinder - with the hybrid system - supports. elias facet center is against the base plate by means of a tension spring tense. In this way, the alignment of all mirror facet main axes can be carried out to a common point of intersection with high accuracy. The workflow takes place in such a way that; every single facet - apart from the "leading facet" - follows after adjustment is covered with a square cover so that there are no Disturbance in the adjustment of the next facet results. One therefore needs so many individual diaphragms as required by a reflector element because After aligning all facets of this element, an exchange of the individual panels can be made against an overall aperture. Although the relatively time-consuming Adjustment process on a teflektor system of larger dimensions only a single one Must be carried out once, it is advisable to keep the covers that have been used, to allow readjustment in the event of a later replacement of a defective facet to be able to do without difficulty.

Since the concentrator system according to the invention is not only used in buildings of various kinds, but also to be used in solar power plants, falls the cost per kilowatt of reflected radiation power is quite considerable weight. One will therefore try to determine the dimensions of an iteflector element to be determined primarily from an economic point of view.

The particularly favorable approximation to a square shape is possible, if you have a southern mountainside with an inclination of about 30 degrees as the installation site of the concentrator field is available. In this case there is namely the problem of shading largely solved, with a horizontal base in favor of the flat rectangular shape forces. It can also be economical to use the facet plates in power plants to produce with twice the edge length and thus four times the area, because the number the adjustment screws / m2 is reduced by a quarter.

Adjustment work can also be reduced accordingly.

The larger race spot is on concentrator systems of this size irrelevant. Otherwise it is assumed to be known that the The closer one of the centrator fields to the two tropics, the more favorable the situation lies. However, the system according to the invention is also intended to provide evidence that already in Central Europe the specific costs for a solar power plant, which is made up of investment and operating costs, surprisingly low is. Both in the area of the Alps and the Pyrenees and various low mountain ranges the location question is easy to solve because there is no valuable cultivated land must be taken. The cooling of the hot gas or steam turbines is likely to be in deal with most cases without difficulty. In fact, it is it is conceivable that the waste heat produced in neighboring mountain villages would be of great benefit enough.

The H o c h t e m p e r a t u r s p e i c h e r represents a significant Component of the energy system according to the invention because it has the task of to compensate for strong fluctuations in the energy supply. Although its ideal form a ball would, for economic reasons, be a combination of a cylinder h / d = 0.40 with two truncated cones h / d = 0.30 and a slope of 45 degrees to choose.

In this solution, the vertical section through the storage center corresponds roughly a regular octagon. If the ratio of aluminum surface area / volume is calculated it is found that it is only about 3% less favorable than the corresponding ratio for a sphere of the same volume. This minor disadvantage has great advantages in terms of production costs and systematization options.

If you put the Storage volumes from 1 - 10 - 100 - 1000 - 10 000 .... m3 and the corresponding ratio numbers M / V - in ordinate form - one, one obtains a degressive connecting curve, which asymptotically approaches M / V = 0. With a storage volume of i m7 M / V almost exactly 5.0 m2 / m5, at 1000 m3 the result is only 0.5 m2 / m3. The ratio M / V is inversely proportional to the third root of the storage volume. gritty law applies in principle to all conceivable storage forms, as far as the respective similarity the chosen body is preserved.

You can already see that a high-temperature storage system increases with increasing Volume is becoming cheaper because of the specific cost of thermal insulation Outer shell decline sharply. From a storage size of approx. 1000 m³ - diameter and height would in this case have a clear dimension of 12.12 m - it can be useful be, from the regular octagon of the vertical section in favor of a pressed one To deviate from an octagon and thus to form the storage body in a disk-like manner. These Structural considerations can only sensibly take into account the respective subsoil conditions.

I) the storage volume must be in optimal relation to the usable area of the Concentrator system and the respective specific energy offer, if you want to design the entire system as efficiently as possible. As a rule of thumb, I like First of all, in our latitudes, the storage capacity in m³ is at least as large should be like the reflector area in m². This in turn can be approximately per m2 and year Deliver 1000 to 1200 kWh of radiant energy. The overall efficiency depends on primarily depends on the share of heat pump energy in total consumption and is therefore in residential complexes and swimming pools are considerably higher than in industrial and Power plants. It should be interesting to note that the months of May, June, July and August in both Central and Southern Europe about 50% of the annual Offer radiant energy. The absolute amount of energy is, however, for example in Portugal about one and a half times as big as in Upper Bavaria and moves in an order of magnitude of 1700 kWh / m2.a.

According to the invention, the high-temperature storage device is made with solid granules filled with the highest possible density and specific heat. Particularly inexpensive is mixed gravel with the addition of fine sand, the determination of the optimal grain composition is very easy. The heat capacity that can be achieved with this is approximately 500 kcal / m3.K and thus corresponds to half the water capacity of 1000 kcal / m3.K. If you bring in the core area of the storage facility is cast iron or steel scrap and embeds it Material in a suitable gravel sand mixture, one not only achieves the considerable Heat capacity of about 850 kcal / m3.K, but also the advantage of faster Heat dissipation from the maximum temperature zone to the storage periphery. In this way the isothermal position can be influenced very positively. With large storage systems it can be useful with the help of electronic data processing and suitable programs to optimize the filling.

The main task of the outer shell of the high-temperature storage tank is to keep heat loss to a minimum. For this purpose it is proposed that Series-produced vacuum plates with ceramic support core and mirrored cover plates made of steel or light metal to be used. By a grid of pointed humps on both Side of the support core is the required distance between core and sheet metal shell forced. Of course, this basic principle can also be varied.

For the two truncated cone areas are trapezoidal, for the cylinder area rectangular vacuum plates are used. Since it would be nonsensical to use the plate elements to give a curvature, it is really a truncated pyramid and around a prism with a polygonal base. All other details of the design and the Connection design primarily concern the area of manufacturing and Assembly rationalization and therefore do not require any further discussion.

In order to keep the possibility of a later evacuation open, suggested the vacuum plates via thin metal tubes with a central suction pumping station to pair. This method can be of great importance for the cylinder jacket area be, because through a targeted control of the negative pressure of the thermal resistance the zone is influenced, which according to the invention is reserved for the release of energy. If you form three ring-shaped outside of the actual cylinder jacket Chambers in a concentric arrangement, you get three different temperature levels. The first chamber can be used as a high temperature chamber, the second as a medium temperature and the third can be referred to as the low temperature chamber.

The thermal energy of the storage tank filling can be easily way by means of circulating air, the flow speed of which corresponds to the respective Can be adjusted as required.

The high temperature chamber supplies the power unit, the medium temperature chamber feeds the heat pump drive and the low-temperature chamber supplies the hot water respectively.

Warm air heating. This three-chamber system "comes primarily for Industrial plants in question because there are three different temperature levels in many Cases are useful. In residential complexes, administrative buildings, supermarkets and the like. the application of a "% weikammer system" is sufficient, with solar power plants one can even restrict it to a "single-chamber system". Instead of air it may be possible carbon dioxide or thermal oil can also be considered as a heat transport medium; the optimal solution in each case depends not least on the drive machines selected or heat exchangers.

The smaller the storage volume is to be designed, the more important it is becomes the thermal resistance of the storage jacket.

In large storage systems with a low M / V ratio, cs is definitely possible to dispense with the use of vacuum plates and instead use mineral fiber material to be installed in sufficient thickness. For the energy extraction zone, however, one must suitable measure can be found, which is expediently not too divergent should distinguish already described ring chamber principle.

The energy of the solar radiation is in directed to the storage center, from where it spreads radially through thermal conduction of the storage filling notifies. The supply mast is essentially covered by an internally mirrored one Steel tube shown, its head with a conical extension and a steel housing is provided, which has an opening in the direction of the concentrator system. Behind A deflecting mirror of extremely high reflectivity is built into this opening, which is the central axis of the beam of the directionally adjusted facet plates brings it to match the longitudinal axis of the steel pipe. For the sake of extensive avoidance multiple reflections on the mirrored pipe wall and the resulting energy losses must the light one Diameter of the pipe have a sufficient size. In principle, there is also the option of using a conical steel tube, that tapers slightly from top to bottom. The lower opening of the mirror tube is located in the center or in the focus of the high-temperature storage, a Sheathed with steel or aluminum wool in spherical form ensures rapid onward transport the irradiated solar energy. By installing a rotatable shutter with Underside mirroring is achieved that when it is cloudy or during the night there is a relatively low energy loss due to reflection. The automatic Control of this flap, which is expediently in the area of the upper edge of the storage tank is accommodated, can easily be realized In addition, it can be considered to mount the deflection mirror on the mast head rotatably and synchronously with the closure flap to control.

The supply mast is usually given a three- or four-axle structure Steel cable tension that secures its position even in storms. But you want to Using a rigid concentrator system, one must create a way that the mast head follows the traveling curve of the radiation beam. A telescopic principle with a uniaxial ankle meets this requirement. For the purpose of reducing the swivel angle However, it would be very useful to arrange two utility poles, their connecting axis to the center of the concentrator system with the north / south axis of this system, respectively encloses an angle of approx. 250. In this case it would have to be at noon Radiation bundles leave the south-south-west mast and go over to the south-south-east mast. Two utility masts almost inevitably lead to the planning of a "twin storage facility", which would be considerably more expensive than simple storage of the same volume.

If one also takes into account the additional costs of the "7th twin mast construction" and the associated control organs, one will ultimately come to (glue result, that an articulated concentrator system is usually much more economical. An exception may arise if there is so much solar energy in areas close to the tropic is available that one can use the morning and evening radiation without forego further can. This eliminates the twin solution, and the east comparison is reduced to the alternative (relenk concentrator with Rigid mast or rigid concentrator with telescopic articulated mast. The use of solar energy would be limited to approximately the time from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., the associated time The annual number of hours of sunshine could still be in the range of 1800 to 2000 and thus still be very interesting.

Rotation takes place in larger systems using a hot gas or closed cycle steam turbine. There the heat energy deduction for this purpose takes place at the highest temperature level, the thermal efficiency can be around 0.50 to 0.55. at For smaller systems, a hot gas or steam engine is likely to be more economical. To Completion of the planned series of experiments in connection with the corrugated tooth belt rotary piston engine according to the invention with combing engagement there is the prospect of a new type of drive system, for example can be equipped with highly compressed helium in a closed circuit. In a housing with a pike square contour are paired with four parallel axes Corrugated toothed belt rollers stored, which enclose the curved rectangular work space.

One pair of rollers conveys the medium into the work area, the other releases it again. A central tube bundle with hot air flowing through it releases heat energy to the work area and increases its pressure level. By coupling of the two pairs of rollers with a preferably continuously variable transmission gear a resulting torque is achieved. The speed can both by changing the translation as well as by regulating the heat supply Gear ratio of 1.0, the system comes to a standstill because the torques neutralize. An interruption in the supply of heat would lead to the same result lead, but have a certain inertia. The cooling medium is normally Water is used, which makes the absorbed heat energy available for space heating can provide; if the brine of the heat pump circuit is passed through the cooler, it can to improve the figure of merit. Alternatively, air cooling is also possible, which is especially advantageous if you have hot air heating or has to supply a drying system. The new rotary piston machine can also be built as a cold steam engine and in this case an interesting option for direct irradiation of solar energy into the work area.

The concentrator developed by the applicant, for example, is used as a concentrator "Thermal nozzle" in question.

The rotary piston system allows due to the lack of disruptive inertia forces generous dimensions with a correspondingly high throughput. It can therefore be economical in performance areas that were previously reserved for the turbine.

The corrugated toothed belt reacts flexibly to any thermal or dynamic Deformations, it also enables an almost ideal cooling of the piston surface. The cheapest number of teeth should be between 12 and 16. The final optimization must be left to the test series.

The heat p u m p e can get its drive energy either from the Three-phase generator or refer to the medium-temperature chamber of the storage tank, Im The first case would be a three-phase motor, in the second, preferably a steam engine for use.

Is the power demand in relation to the heating demand very high high, due to the three-phase generator that has to be designed accordingly an electric heat pump is probably the more economical solution. With moderate The heat engine is likely to make more sense when it requires electricity. Basically there is but also the third option, the heat pump directly with the generator drive to pair and to ensure that it can be temporarily switched off. These Method should be considered especially if the generator output is considerably larger than the heat pump output. Under this condition it would be an abrupt one Speed increase in the generator drive and a resulting frequency jump largely prevented. The installation of a compensator system could be possible under certain circumstances to be useful.

The "S t r a h 1 u n g 5 wär m e p u m p e" is still there in the first stage of development and can therefore only be mentioned for the sake of completeness will. According to the invention, it has the task of converting diffuse thermal radiation into heat on usable To implement level. The ones carried out so far Laboratory tests show that the way to a non-powered heat pump is still another can take a considerable amount of time, if it leads at all to success. First it seems to be most beneficial to use a "sun-exposed" linear concentrator to experiment, the one with a reflector lamella group in particularly favorable Arrangement is equipped and therefore the largest possible percentage of global radiation is able to capture. This large-volume concentrator is installed expediently in a trench with a special cross-sectional design, as a cover Gable roof-shaped elements made of translucent materials can be used0 Whether it would make technical sense to use a "sun-closed" linear or spherical concentrator to build, which would represent a "perpetual motion machine of the 2nd kind", must first be left open stay. After all, the current series of tests should lead to new findings on the Lead area of thermal radiation.

Possibly the 2nd law of thermodynamics needs another one Correction.

According to the invention, the H y b r i d m o t o r is used where unfavorable conditions for the use of the Fnergiehaukasten "exist. The. A new type of power machine er-VC'1I <rt your torch from both solar and from wind power.

In particular, coastal or mountainous areas come into consideration as a location. With the vertical lattice mast of moderate height, the rotor shaft is articulated in this way connected that they are aligned perpendicular to the respective sun path and in this Can be fixed in position. The rotor consists either of trough-shaped or of rotationally symmetrical concentrators of parabolic or other cross-section. Due to the strongly differing flow resistance of the concentrator front and -back side there is a resulting torque, its magnitude with the wind speed grows. Impinging solar radiation is in the base area of the concentrators as high a temperature level as possible and raised to a liquid or gaseous Transferring heat transfer medium All concentrators - it should be in the Reel are six -are with each other via a ring line coupled. The radiation energy obtained can be used, for example, by means of a cold steam engine can be converted into lotation performance. So it is possible to use the hybrid engine too to keep going when there is absolutely no wind and only the sun is shining.

Since the tip of the Itotorwelle is to be tilted to the north, results there is no significant disadvantage in the use of wind energy, because in the Usually the wind blows from the west or east. The advantage of the inclined rotor position with regard to the incidence of solar radiation, it should be considerably more significant. Basically there is the possibility of increasing the effective irradiation area by attaching ( two axially parallel reflector strips in the oblique direction to the irradiation considerable to enlarge. The twin reflector must be pivoted to its respective to be able to take the optimal position.

The llybridmotor should primarily serve to have a corresponding Generator to produce direct or alternating current. Considering the fluctuating In most cases, performance is an intermediate storage by means of accumulators to be necessary.

A particularly intensive utilization of the environmental energy can be realized, if one uses the concentrators not only for the solar thermal, but also for the photovoltaic implementation. For this purpose according to the invention a group of solar cells installed where the solar radiation is particularly important has high intensity, namely in the area of the "focal point" or the "focal line". The type of solar cell must meet the thermal requirements, suitable cooling measures can be beneficial. If you build the hybrid engine into a "triple system" in this way off, the energy-free phase is reduced to windless night hours, i.e. to far less than 50 7o of the total annual hours, the triple system is quite suitable, aSingle residential houses or farmsteads in windy locations with a considerable To supply part of the required energy. It can also be very useful though Natural disasters cause the existing power grid to collapse.

With the help of the concentrator system according to the invention, which among other things offers the advantage of exceptional economy and durability, a new conception can be realized, which the applicant calls "solar energy relay system" want to denote. The basic idea is to find a way that leads to you horizontal energy transport from sunny regions to regions lacking in the sun possibly influencing the weather as an additional effect Consequence.

For example, if you imagine a hilly landscape with a If a chain of reflector stations is equipped, one can see the incident solar radiation at A. Aim at B, from there direct it to C and finally use it at D. Of course the direction of transport could also be reversed. The achievable efficiency can can only be determined by suitable test series. The elimination of the previously for any energy transmission inevitable in the line network leads to such considerable Savings that the financing of large-area reflector systems is completely problematic. and should be risk-free.

Finally, one has to take into account that the energy itself is free to: r is available.

Should this inventive idea prove to be realizable, would be it is possible to create an energy network across several latitudes, that would set completely new standards. In the final phase, this system would become inevitable for building scorching Itelais stations on southern seas, for example on the Mediterranean, lead. The necessary anchoring and dimming of such a reflector island seems quite conceivable. The first studies must make sense on the Mainland to be realized It would be particularly important to clarify the maximum distance between two neighboring relay stations. Otherwise it should prove to be useful prove to include the high-temperature storage system according to the invention in the network, to create energy reserves in this way. A turbine could be used with every memory are coupled, which generates three-phase current if required via a generator and thus the local area Rer the associated relay station is supplied. With the waste heat gained in the process could be heat a public swimming pool, for example. For reasons of optics and the transfer efficiency, the energy transport can only be sensibly implemented by solar radiation if the individual relay stations are arranged in a zigzag. A possible energy network could be in a square grid because then the solar radiation is either diagonal to the grid (zigzag method) or runs parallel to the grid (Aiäander method).

l) a suspended particles in the air have a detrimental effect on the transport of radiation influence, care should be taken that in the area of the "radiation lane" there are neither industrial chimneys nor dusty areas. Through the Heat loss between the reflector stations is a certain suction from below above, which also pulls suspended matter into the beam could, twa existing fog will probably be eliminated quickly thanks to the heat loss, The formation of clouds in the air layer above the aisle is also very likely be inhibited.

If a heat engine is supplied with concentrated radiant energy, it can basically work in the same way as a fuel-heated one Classic design power machine. However, a way must be found to produce the required temperature gradient in an expedient manner. According to the invention a light missile can be moved along the beam axis if it has a funnel concentrator that adjusts the solar radiation to the temperature level compressed, which his hot air or cold steam engine needs. As a cooling medium can be water or a refrigerant with a low evaporating temperature come. The control of the missile in the direction of the energy axis should not be on any encounter considerable difficulties can also be transferred to aviation at greater heights or even to space travel. In both cases it is a question of the direct solar radiation in motor energy and convert this in turn into recoil force. Inside the atmosphere A propeller drive is of course also possible. Of the Start can only take place when the sun is in a favorable position, i.e. preferably at noon; In addition, extensive calm is required. The funnel concentrator that can also be called "Thermodüse't, is advantageously cross braced Provided longitudinal slots so that its air resistance takes on a lower value. Alternatively, a ring concentrator can also be used, which due to its design features anyway has large gaps and thus offers little resistance. being Weight should not be significant with the same quality stability and frontal area Be heavier than the weight of the funnel concentrator.

As a third possibility, which is also considerable in other areas of application The "honeycomb concentrator" should be mentioned. This invention System consists of numerous thermal nozzles in the shape of a cone or truncated pyramid, which are arranged in ring-like groups around the central nozzle or guide nozzle. From lting to ring the longitudinal axis of the units takes a more inclined position, all longitudinal axes intersect with the t'Leitachse ". In this way the solar radiation incident parallel to the guide axis on a small focal point concentrated. If the honeycomb system is given the shape of a spherical segment or paraboloid shell, you can even use it by enclosing the edge of the bowl with a high tensile strength band very thin reflector sheets made of steel or light metal create a considerable spatial effect Achieve rigidity of the honeycomb concentrator. The individual thermal nozzles must, however be glued or riveted together.

As the quality of the focus increases with the deviation of the direction of irradiation decreases from the master axis, the honeycomb concentrator, which is circular in outline, should be pivotable be.

The easiest way to take over the radiant energy is with help realize a blackened hollow sphere, which fixes in the focal zone of the system is. Inside the sphere, for example, water vapor can be generated that either drives a rotary piston engine or heats a solid storage tank.

You can see that this is the circle of thought for the original energy construction kit because it is an alternative principle to high-temperature storage with a supply mast and deflection mirror was born, which is especially interesting then could be if the required radiant power is in a maximum order of magnitude of 100 kW. Sell, of course, is also air or as a heat transport medium any other suitable gas can be used; the heat exchanger is expedient housed in the core area of the storage filling, which is also the case with this solution Metal scrap or wool should exist.

With the help of the honeycomb concentrator it is possible to create a new type of construction system to develop whose units can gain full energy self-sufficiency when the Annual number of hours of sunshine is above a certain minimum value. In this case the curved concentrator shell represents part of the roof structure that is advantageously designed as a hemisphere. The high temperature storage will either directly under the structure or to the side of it - but also underground. Glazing must be installed under the honeycomb concentrator to provide protection against precipitation and excessive heat loss. Basically it is conceivable to combine the concentrator system with an absorber system and from this way also allow the use of a heat pump. The detailed considerations based on this concept and optimization issues cannot be dealt with in this patent application will.

In summary, the statement can be considered sufficiently substantiated, that the modular system according to the invention for collection, storage and use direct and indirect solar radiation energy is quite suitable, a self-sufficient To ensure the supply of buildings with a wide range of applications if the mean annual number of hours of sunshine is at least in the order of 1500 lies. With a growing range of radiation and a more even distribution of the The number of hours of sunshine available at the location increases the profitability of the system because all components have a constant energy requirement can be made smaller. Particularly low rust per kilowatt hour of useful energy arise in solar power plants because the high-temperature storage necessary for them large volume very favorable ratio of surface area / volume auto travel, which becomes more and more advantageous as the power of the airframe increases. Of the In principle possible energy transport through thermal radiation can be an interesting one Aspect of the inventive concentrator system mean. The anyway for that Modular system to be developed for hot gas or cold steam engines for the drive of generators and heat pumps are needed, unless turbines are the more economical Represent a solution for large-scale systems, offer a new way for solar thermal construction operated land vehicles, ships and aircraft with a considerable radius of action.

Description of the drawings: F I G U R I shows a cross section thanks to the self-supporting absorber plate, which is made up of two equally profiled Trapezoidal sheets of commercial type is composed. Between the preferably Profiled sheets 1 and 2 coated on both sides with thermoplastic film are formed the brine channels 3, the distance between which corresponds to half the upper bead pitch, Der Threaded bolt 4 fixes the absorber plate with the help of two nuts including washers at a certain distance from the substructure. Is it about Eolzpfetten, the bolt at the lower end can be designed as a wood screw, The source weld zones were represented by rows of dots. If necessary an additional cold riveting along the bead axis is possible, 1 I G U R II is to be considered as an example of an absorber plate made of special profiled sheets, to produce exclusively for the modular energy system according to the invention Would0 have foil-coated thin sheets 5 and 6 in this case as well the same profile, the specific heat transfer surface is with the same bead pitch and plate height greater than in the case of an absorber according to FIG. I. Also the moment of inertia has a more favorable value. Should manufacturing difficulties arise, the bevelled edge of the beads can be dispensed with; also one roughly rectangular The shape of the bead allows the longitudinal groove formation 7, which has great advantages when it comes to fastening the absorber plate on the substructure and when hanging the heat-insulating Lower shell offers. The brackets 8 can be made of corrosion-resistant steel as well as made of high quality plastic.

The spacer blocks 9 can be made of neoprene, for example, They contribute to the assembly, especially on industrial roofs with a large profile height of the absorber plate units on the roof racks and at the same time an undesirable transverse displacement before the end of the longitudinal joint sealing work to prevent. The proposed absorber cross-section results in four brine channels per high bead.

The attachment of concentrator groups on the absorber plates is particularly easy thanks to the longitudinal groove design 7.

The pressure distribution plate can do a good job here.

F I G U R III represents the front view a) and the vertical section b) a reflector element, which in this example has six square facet plates 10 is equipped.

The central plane mirror of each facet plate is with a cross marked, the four corner mirrors have a diagonal line. For every facet plate Include four small left adjusting screws, the shaft of which is against the base plate 12 - in this case it is an absorber plate through which brine flows and corresponds thus the "Rybrid system" according to the invention -supported. The spacer tube 13 is closed at the end with a hemispherical plastic stopper with a central hole, from which a helical spring protrudes, the one on this side with the facet plate the other side is anchored to the base plate under a certain prestress will.

There is a plastic joint socket on the back of the facet plate attached, which rests on the spacer tube. In this way the facet plate be swiveled in several axial directions relative to the base plate not hybrid reflector element would be the distance between base and facet plate considerably lower because there is no ventilation gap to enlarge the heat transfer surface is required if the base plate only has the function of a rigid facet carrier has to meet. The four pivot pins or - Connect tube 14 the base plate with the upper and lower chord bars - possibly also with the falling diagonals of the spatial framework construction of the concentrator system, The details described can of course also be varied, the optimal one The solution can only be found through experiments. However, it should already be clear that the basic concept can hardly be improved.

F I G U R IV shows a simplified and by no means to scale Section through the high-temperature storage device 15 according to the invention and that on a southern one Curtain anchored ltonzentrator-System 16. The parallel incident solar radiation is focused from the convex deflecting mirror 17 in the head of the supply mast 18 and led through the internally mirrored mast tube into the storage center. The spherical arranged steel wool 19 ensures rapid heat conduction into the steel or Cast scrap zone 20, the cavities of which are filled with sand or fine gravel. From there from finally the heat is released into the memory periphery 21, which is preferably contains a mix of gravel and sand in a particularly dense grain composition, the storage shell 22 in this example consists of prefabricated vacuum plates, the upper truncated cone is arranged above ground here. The high temperature chamber 23, the medium temperature chamber 24 and the low-temperature chamber 25 surround the quasi-cylindrical part of the memory ring-shaped, the energy extraction is preferably accomplished by flowing air. The mirrored closure flap 26 is automatically around her in the event of a radiation failure Center axis rotated, whereby the reflection loss can be kept within limits can. It would be quite possible to install two flaps on top of each other and in this way the loss is reduced to a minimum of the deflection mirror 17 can be of great use. The conical transition pipe 27 facilitates the beam guidance into the actual supply pipe The mast head is through the Housing 28, in which the deflection mirror storage is also located, against the effects of the weather protected. A highly permeable glass plate on the radiation side can protect insects and deter other animals that adversely affect the efficiency of energy transfer change would. The penetration of dust particles can also have a disruptive effect, when it leads to precipitation on the silver-plated deflecting mirror 17. Still should a rigid fixation of the glass plate can be dispensed with, so that the possibility If the ambient conditions are favorable, the concentrated solar radiation exists directly on the mirror and in this way an even higher degree of efficiency to achieve energy storage. It goes without saying, however, that one has to prescribe the highest quality of material for the glass plate 29 that the offers state-of-the-art technology.

When supplying energy to large storage systems in the megawatt range, additional measures for cooling the deflection mirror and the mast tube are required will. The design of the closing flap (s) is also the respective maximum output of the concentrator field.

he solid storage according to the invention not only leaves one unusual high overall efficiency, but also a relatively modest investment expect. Since it is a pressureless system - the expanding air of the Grain gaps can be introduced directly into the high temperature chamber -, there is no risk of explosion. Only for high-temperature storage tanks with a very small one Volume could be considered, a steel pipe register instead of the solid filling to be installed in close packing, the wall thickness of which corresponds to the maximum water vapor pressure is adapted. One could thus have a high specific heat capacity with a low Achieve volume weight. This advantage, which can be bought with considerable additional costs, is likely in practice only be of interest if a portable high-temperature storage system is required for land or water vehicles. Even in this case you will evacuated steel pipe with ceramic core must give preference because this system Comfortable handling with absolute safety despite the lower heat capacity / kg connects and, moreover, an ideal way of giving off heat by means of Provides vacuum control in the gap area between the core and the pipe shell. Replacing cooled Storage pipe Itcgi'3ter against charged "Thermal packages" at specialized "energy filling stations" that have a suitable Mebczeug can be done quickly and easily. The heating can be done in a little Solar power plant take place without external energy, alternatively the use is inferior Fuels conceivable.

F I G U R V represents a section through the corrugated tooth belt rotary piston engine according to the invention is used as a hot gas or steam engine with a closed circuit can be. The toothed drum pairs 31 are arranged in a rectangular arrangement in the housing 30 and 72, which enclose the central space 33 with the parallel tube register 34, which has the task of transferring thermal energy to the working medium. Through the entrance opening 35 the engine is supplied with cooled medium through the outlet opening 36 the reflux takes place in the cooling system, the dimensioning of which is the maximum Heat transfer amount of the central register 34 must be adapted. Through the stepless adjustable transmission ratio between the pair of cold drums 31 and the pair of warm drums 32 a resulting torque is achieved, the size of which depends on the usable tooth flank surface, from the pitch circle radius, from the pressure gradient between the heating and cooling zones and from the Speed relation of the two toothed drum pairs depends. If the gear ratio is too high the resulting torque drops to zero because the volume increases of the working medium in the central space 33 with the difference between the outgoing and incoming Gas or vapor mass can no longer keep pace. If you block the ltotation of the four-axis rotary piston system, then a considerable pressure difference builds up between the central space and the cooler, the maximum of which depends primarily on the quality the sealing arrangements are determined. A certain disadvantage is that the opposing promotion of the working medium in the two intervention areas does not can be completely prevented. The advantage is that the cylindrical Base drums only as a carrier of the separately to be finished and then to be shrunk on Corrugated tooth band made of sheet steel, highly heat-resistant plastic or other suitable Serve material. This fact not only simplifies the production, but also sharing worn sprockets to a considerable extent Dimensions. Furthermore, the cooling problem of the rotary lobes is optimally overcome in this way. The most favorable number of teeth and the other important details can only be found in an attempt be determined; first of all it only needs to be pointed out that the height and thus the volume of the central space 33 is by no means limited to the length of the toothed drum, if you don't intend to stack more than two systems on top of each other. It exists so the possibility of a very large amount of heat on the working medium to transfer and thereby the weight or volume related power of the engine to raise.

F I G U R VI shows the section through an alternative system according to the invention, instead of the toothed drums, there are four parallel-axis cell rotors 37, each with two pair of slider power units 38 used, which rotate within a trochoidal or elliptical housing, whose diameter is approximately 125% of the cell rotor diameter. Since the common center of gravity of the two pair sliders standing at right angles to one another remains motionless, this is also the case with this hot gas or steam engine a rotary piston machine that has the advantage of being completely free of inertial forces and can therefore be brought up to a high speed without vibration.

There is a circular ring in the center of each pair of sliders 39, which has line contact with the guide pin 40.

According to the invention, the penetration of the two pair of slides is thereby achieved solved that one slide carries a center ring and the other two side rings; the first slide has two side recesses and the second one central recess on. The discussion of further details can be refrained from because they represent only refinements of the basic concept.

The resulting torque is generated analogously to the figure V, one advantage lies in the extensive prevention of counter-flow of the working medium and an increase in the specific throughput. The four Out of round housings can probably be made by cold forming circular cylindrical tubes be formed into an ellipse-like cross-section. Instead of the set With the belt drive, a gear drive can of course also be implemented. Of the The guide pin relieves the frontal sealing strip.

F I G U It VII represents the section through a linear concentrator, which in this case is located above ground. On the prefabricated reinforced concrete base plate 41 with a length of about 3000 mm and a width of about 2000 mm, the heat transfer pipe rests 42 and the reflector group 43, the central angle of which is approximately 185 degrees and Is divided 15 times. The flat glass strips 44 prevent precipitation from entering and excessive radiation of long-wave thermal energy into the environment. The reflector blades 45 are coupled to one another in such a way that they which is controlled directly from the sun via a direction sensor into the respective Optimal position can be rotated. The length of the reflector system corresponds to Base plate length, the reflector plates are mirrored with aluminum on both sides. When using double-walled reflectors, the linear concentrator can also take on the function of a brine-carrying absorber. The heat transfer medium may be liquid or gaseous, thermal oil is likely to offer the greatest advantages The maximum temperature is well above 2000C.

F I G U R VIII shows the section through a predominantly underground one Linear concentrator, whose longitudinal axis is preferred as in the embodiment according to FIG. VI runs exactly from north to south. After the excavation has been carried out, prefabricated Reinforced concrete body with a V-shaped cross-section 46, a length of about 3000 mm and an opening width of about 2000 mm and filled laterally. Then it takes place the installation of the prefabricated reflector groups 47 with associated heat transfer pipes 48 and reflector blades 49, the rest corresponds to text VI.

F I G U R IX gives an example of the execution of the large series to be manufactured and therefore to be limited to a few sizes wall elements of the High temperature storage 15 again. The ceramic core 50 has cylindrical inside Cavities 5i and truncated conical holes 52 on the surfaces, which serve as a base serve for the metal sheets 53. A special land seal 54 enables Evacuation of the spaces 55 using the connecting channels 56. The joint filling 57 can consist of nineral fiber material.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (40)

a t t e n 1 a n s @ r Ü c 11 e Procedure for collection and use the solar radiation energy, thereby noting that this purpose ri is achieved with the help of a fully integrated modular system that consists of the Components absorber, concentrator, high-temperature storage with direct irradiation Bundled thermal energy in the central area of the solid filling, storage-coupled There is a power generation unit and a heat pump unit that is supplied with storage energy, those already in Central Europe and other regions with comparable geographical Width of almost all conceivable structures independent of external energy maoben and moreover enable the construction of high-performance solar power plants, the production of which and operating costs / kWh of electrical work delivered or per kW of maximum power are much lower than with all known power generation systems. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the absorber is initially made from already known and later from specially manufactured Trapezoidal thin sheets formed with a thermoplastic film coating on both sides which is due to the unequal width of the upper and lower bead surface with mirror image and off-axis doubling under each raised bead two solck channels with a parallelogram Include cross section after the frictional connection of the pair of sheets by means of solvent welding of the foil areas touching one another and if necessary is additionally made by cold riveting in the direction of the bead axes. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that e: e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the later special profiling of the absorber sheets is halfway through The height of the sicia flanks has a solution groove with a trapezoidal transverse step, with their help a particularly simple and time-saving clamp fastening the preferably 1000 wm wide absorber panels on the roof girders or purlins and on the other hand, if required, the concentrator system can also be implemented on the absorber plates can be, whereby the number of brine channels doubles as a further advantage, and the channel cross-section approximates the square shape, which is a particularly high one Has dimensional stability. 4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that g e] z e n n -z E i c h n e t that the absorber plates on their front sides with Itechteckrohre made of steel, aluminum or high-quality thermoplastic, which are limited to the Sole channels are connected and serve as a flow or return, with the outside Thermoplastic film coating of the trapezoidal profile sheets is a very useful basis for permanent and sufficiently flexible welding of the respective transitions offers. 5. The method according to claims i to 4, characterized g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the absorber plates are the load-bearing upper shell of a so-called Represent cold roofs and therefore also take on the task of roof sealing which by inserting suitable thermoplastic profiles, for example 11 profiles, along the longitudinal joints can be solved efficiently and in a material-appropriate manner, while the butt joint of the frontal right-angled pipes is completely problem-free anyway Welded-in rectangular nozzles or thermoplastic strips on the outside can be realized is. 6. The method according to claims i to 5, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that in hall buildings with flat or shed roof the heat-insulating lower shell of the cold roof system is attached to the load-bearing absorber shell, and onto this Way by using mass-produced lightweight elements more suitable Dimensioning an exceptionally inexpensive roof construction with structural physics correct structure. 7. The method according to the response 1 to 4, thereby P e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the absorber panels also function as a rear-ventilated outer shell with accordingly thermally insulated and, if necessary, provided with an internal vapor barrier Wall constructions can be used preferably in a south-east to south-west orientation are and in this case also a structurally advantageous and extremely economical one Allow solution. 8. The method according to claims 1 to, characterized o e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the absorber plates are stacked on top of each other and connected to one another in a gust-proof manner by inserting spacer blocks or toothed straps can be used to create very powerful air heat exchangers or where appropriate to win geothermal or water heat exchangers, depending on the situation Restricts or even prohibits the use of absorber roofs or walls. 9. The method according to claims i to 4, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the absorber plates with vertical bead direction are suitable for the production of energy fences and then an optimal arrangement aiif if they look like scales with a distance of about 50 mm and represent an overlap width of 250 mm to 500 mm because in this way both the specific heat transfer and the appearance are very favorable to be influenced. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the concentrator forms a system made up of rigid base plates in the Rectangular format, which is provided with faceted panels made of glass mirror mosaic and be incorporated into a three-dimensional tubular framework so that each individual plate is a occupies a certain position relative to the sun and preferably through use can follow the course of the sun from two axis joints at the truss nodes, when a small servomotor is set in action via a direction sensor. 11. The method according to claims 1 and 10, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the individual facet plates are made up of nine square planar mirrors exist in a three-row arrangement with a fabric lamination on the back provided and glued to a relatively thin, but ge sufficiently rigid plate that only the central mirror touches the entire surface of the plate, while the IC cross mirror at their outer edge by the dimension h and the corner mirrors at their outer corner by the dimension Must be 2 hours away from the plate level so that a slight depression forms, the superimposing of the reflected sun images at a certain distance caused, 12. The method according to claim i, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the individual facet plates from 25 square plane mirrors in five rows Arrangement exist, which are provided with a back fabric lamination and on a relatively thin, but sufficiently rigid plate can be glued on so that only the central mirror touches the entire surface of the plate, while the other mirrors their centers are tangent to the lateral surface of an imaginary paraboloid, as is also the case with the nine-facet. 13. The method according to claims 1, 10 and 11 or 12, characterized in g I do not know that the square planar mirror -: he facets neither fabric-laminated still glued, but by means of an artificially generated air pressure difference on a finely ribbed and trough-shaped elastomer layer on its upper side be pressed, the base of which is a rigid hard plate, which makes it possible will not only fully automate the facet production, but also any Replacing damaged facets in the least amount of time and with the highest level of accuracy perform. 14. The method according to claims 1 and 13, characterized in that g e -k e n ii notices that the base of the plane mirror is made of an elastic soft foam with increasing outward Thickness, which makes it possible the facet focal length within the area of interest by changing it to vary the negative pressure directly at the place of use and to adjust it to the most favorable level. 15. The method according to claims i, 10 and further claims, characterized it is noted that each facet plate has four small adjusting screws possesses, which is advantageous in protruding bulbs in the Eckbereicheii of the support plate Turn it in so that your head is freely accessible, while the end of the shaft the base plate of the concentrator element either directly or with the interposition touched an oil dance cylinder. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that each facet plate has a central joint socket made of plastic on the back carries on the hemispherical and nit a central bore stopper a spacer tube rests, ds attached to the base plate and with a tension spring or a soft round rubber cord, through which a deformable Connection between the base and facet plate is established, which is an undesirable Prevents bending stress when adjusting the facet plate. 17. The method according to claims i and 10, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c 11 n e t that the base plate can be used as an absorber with a modest additional expenditure can be formed with brine channels and in this case line double function fulfilled, which represents a link between the concentrator and the absorber system and promises considerable benefits in some practical applications. 18. The method according to claim l, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the ffochemperaturspeicher preferably has a shape that of the per se ideal spherical shape is approximated and a combination of a cylinder h / d = 0.40 with two truncated rules h / d = 0.30, the slope of which is 45 degrees, being a deviation from the flatter one biscuit shape with smaller h / d values with increasing storage volume, the disadvantages with regard to the specific Loss of energy as a result of the heat transfer that cannot be completely avoided the storage wall. 19. The method according to claims i and i8, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the high-temperature storage with heat-resistant solids is filled in a particularly close packing, which has the highest possible Wärmekapa capacity / m5 at the lowest possible cost / m³ and preferably introduced in this way that the storage area has a large zone, the adjoining zone a medium one and the periphery has sufficient thermal conductivity. 20. The method according to claims i, 18 and 19, thereby g e -k e n n e i n e t that the storage wall made of prefabricated vacuum plates in rectangular and trapezoidal shape is formed, which preferably has a ceramic support core have double-sided cusp grid and edge-sided bung profile, the one with mirrored Sheet metal made of steel or light metal is covered and in connection with an outside of the store housed central vacuum pump, which can be used for a Post-evacuation of the two zones between the also mirrored support core surfaces and the cover plates, because each individual vacuum plate is a highly sensitive one Pressure sensor is assigned to both the drive motor of the vacuum pump as is also coupled to a display board divided into display fields. 21. The method according to claims 1, 18 to 20, characterized g e -k e e n n z e i c h n e t that the vacuum plates of the cylinder jacket area, which for the heat energy extraction is used and for this purpose with a ring chamber system is unigeben, through targeted negative pressure control with regard to their thermal resistance can be largely adapted to the respective optimum, resulting in advantages result in air when heat is transported through the medium, 22. Procedure according to claims 1, 18 and further claims, characterized in that n e t that the high-temperature storage has a central supply mast, which mainly consists of an internally mirrored steel tube with a conical transition piece and deflection mirror housing in the area of the mast head and a rotatable mirror for there is extensive prevention of energy loss due to reflection, and has the task of concentrating the solar radiation that is bundled in a pyramid-like manner by the concentrator system to conduct into the core area of the storage tank in a manner with as little loss as possible, which is preferably made of steel wool, which makes the open mast foot spherical encloses. 23. The method as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that especially the slightly convex deflecting mirror and the flat rotating mirror, its It is advantageous to install just above the storage tank with a silver coating or a layer of another highly reflective metal can be provided with it All the same, with extremely high radiation power, there are no difficult-to-solve cooling problems. 24. The method according to claims l, 18 and 22, thereby g e -k e n I am not sure that when planning solar power plants in particularly sunny areas Regions instead of the single storage facility in SüdlaCe a twin storage facility in the south-south-west or south-southeast position can be considered, the two telescopic gel masts possesses that of a rigidly mounted and therefore very particularly inexpensive to be realized concentrator field are supplied with radiant energy and the Carry out handover action at lunchtime. 25. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the process heat supplied by the high-temperature storage tank is only available at relatively large Soral power plants by means of hot gas or steam turbines on the principle of it being closed | Reislaufes is used directly or indirectly to generate three-phase electricity will while at something smaller systems hot gas or steam engines with a closed circuit could also be used, which vo: -: - £ hastily specially be developed and optimized for the energy system according to the invention and the advantages state-of-the-art rotary piston machines with freedom from inertia forces, wear resistance, low cost and should have high speed. 26. The method according to claims i and 25, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the heat engine as a parallel-axis corrugated toothed belt system with four cylindrical jet drums, each with a separately manufactured corrugated tape made of metal or highly heat-resistant plastic are surrounded with a metal insert in which a meshing pair of drums transports the working medium from the cooler to the central one The work area promotes, while a second pair of drums with the same dimensions, but higher speed, which is brought to a higher pressure level as a result of the supply of heat Discharges the medium back to the cooler while generating a resulting torque, the transmission ratio with the help of a continuously variable transmission, that couples the two pairs of dials, also during operation of the respective one Can be adapted to needs. 27. The method according to claims 1 and 25, characterized ge -kennz eichnet that the heat engine as a narallelachsiges cell rotor system with four trochoidal Under elliptical housings of the same size, in each of which a circular cylindrical rotor with two crossed pair of slides and place: Zestem Gesamtswerkpunkt the conveyance or Discharge of the working medium with the production of a resultant Takes over torque, with the rest of the analogous conditions to the rotary piston machine prevail according to claim 26, with the additional advantage that the opposite Promotion of a subset of the working medium is largely prevented. 28. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the compression heat pump preferably from a steam engine is driven with a closed circuit, which either derives its heat energy from a second annular chamber of the high-temperature storage tank or from the heat exchanger of the power generation unit and in terms of its construction on a similar principle as the rotary piston machines according to claim 6 or 27 are based can. 29. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that in certain applications, w such as heating of outdoor pools, a linear concentrator is advantageously used, which consists of a blackened heat transfer tube, a group of reflectors in a radial arrangement and consists of a group of additional reflector blades that pivoted about a neutral axis so that the incident solar radiation is independent of the respective position of the sun can be reflected largely loss-free in the weighting of the heat transfer pipe. 7O. Method according to claims i and 29, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the linear concentrator is arranged above ground and made of prefabricated Reinforced concrete base plates with a central pipe channel as well as from prefabricated reflector groups with at least a semicircular outline, which is covered with flat glass strips and in this way not only protected from precipitation, but also from the Radiation of long-wave heat energy impeded in the event of sudden cloud formation so that the reflector slats only have their blocking function during the night must meet (Figure VII). 31. The method according to claims i and 29, characterized in that g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the linear concentrator is placed underground and off prefabricated reinforced concrete channels with a V-shaped cross-section, as well as from prefabricated There is reflector groups with a corresponding central angle, which otherwise are analogous to claim 30 protected from precipitation and avoidable radiation of energy (Figure VIII). 32. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that in cases with low power requirements and insufficient profitability of the modular system according to the invention, as is the case, for example, in small old buildings may apply in coastal or mountainous zones, there is a possibility of a to use a new type of hybrid motor that generates both wind and solar energy used and requires a vertical lattice mast of moderate height for this purpose, on which the rotor shaft is attached via a uniaxial joint in such a way that they are rotated perpendicular to the respective sun path and fixed in this position can, so that the incidence of rays in the preferably six trough-shaped or rotationally symmetrical Concentrators, which are arranged radially on the motor shaft and keep the wind in place oppose different flow resistance between the front and the rear, takes place in an optimal way and with the highest possible efficiency on a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium can be transferred, for example a Cold steam engine supplied with energy, which drives the rotor even when there is no wind. 33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the concentrators of the hybrid engine by additional installation of little temperature-sensitive solar cells in the area of the separation point or the focal line not only offer solar thermal, but also photovoltaic effects very advantageous in periods with no sunshine and absolute calm can have an impact and would also be useful in the event of natural disasters interrupt the public power supply. 34. The method according to claims l, 10 and further claims, thereby it is not noted that the concentrator system according to the invention is based on its economy and durability for horizontal energy transport from sunny to sunny regions can be used that to a certain extent A solar energy relay system would be required, which one would prefer a Square grid could be used so that the radiation energy in zigzag or is mirrored in the meandering process from reflector station to reflector station and only has to cover a limited part of the way. 35. The method as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that it is e t that the radiation lanes required for energy transport have a certain Dissipate heat loss, which does not remove the existing fog, but also rie Where oil formation above the aisle could reduce. 36. The method according to claims 1, 25, 26 and 27, thereby g e k It is noted that an umbrella-shaped ring or honeycomb concentrator made of highly reflective Material of low density but sufficient dimensional rigidity is used for this purpose is a light and preferably air-cooled hot gas or cold steam rotary piston machine to supply solar energy from high maximum speed, which makes the possibility is created to construct a one-man aircraft, which by means of propeller (s) or recoil force start at a favorable position of the sun and above the possible Cloud cover can move freely because the energy supply is not only secured there, but is even a little more intense than on the ground, 37. The method according to claim 36, by the fact that the solar thermal drive also does Can be used for space travel if you manage to have a concentrator Build of sufficient size to provide the required starting power and therefore must have an extremely low basis weight with sufficient reserve for the @ cabin weight offers. 38. The method according to claims 36, 34 and 35, thereby g e -k e N e i n e i n e t, that the aircraft is used even in the absence of sunshine could become, if it remains in the axis of a radiation path that is his constant energy supply guaranteed. 39. The method according to claims 1 and 36, characterized in that g e -k c n n z E i c h n e t that the honeycomb concentrator according to the invention as an alternative for the concentrator system with mirror facets can be used when it comes to it goes, a new construction principle with a hemispherical roof construction energy self-sufficient to make and the solar radiation through the preferably single-storey object to direct to the center of a high or medium temperature storage tank, which either is to be arranged directly under the structure or directly next to it. 40. The method as claimed in claim 39, characterized in that it is e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that it is spherical shell-shaped and, for tracking reasons, articulated with the roof structure connected honeycomb concentrator can also take on the function of an absorber, if the exterior mirrored honeycomb walls are double-shelled and connected to the brine circuit that connects the heat pump to be installed with a favorable input temperature level provided.