DE3012506A1 - COMMUTATOR MOTOR - Google Patents

Description

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.,
Moriguchi-shi, Osaka-fu / Japan

Commutator motor

The invention relates to a commutator motor, the rotor of which has two commutators and two windings, while the stator has two stator windings and a changeover switch is provided with which the connections of the four windings are switched, so that the commutator motor selectively from a power source with low or from a power source with high voltage can be fed.

Such a motor is usually used for electrical equipment, for example for vacuum cleaners, in which the motor must run very fast. When such a device is exported, it is sometimes necessary to use the commutator motor to switch to 110 V mains voltage or 220 V mains voltage, depending on the area to which the export takes place. With conventional Commutator motors, which can be used either for low or high voltages, have only one rotor Commutator and a rotor winding, while the stator is equipped with two stator windings. Will be such a commutator motor at the low voltage, as shown in Fig. 1A, the stator windings 1 and 2 are used connected in parallel, with which the rotor winding 3 is then in series. If, on the other hand, the usual commutator motor is connected to a When the energy source is operated at a higher voltage, as shown in FIG. 1B, the two stator windings 1 and 2 are located and the only rotor winding 3 in series, and a bidirectional three-terminal thyristor 4, such as a triac, is connected to the Windings connected in series.

The reason for using such a thyristor 4 is as follows: when two stator windings 1 and 2 in series then the energy supplied to the commutator motor from the high voltage energy source is too great. That's why she has to

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power supplied to the commutator motor can be controlled by the thyristor so that the input power to the motor is decreased.

In the case of a conventional commutator motor, when the power source is supplied with a low voltage, the ratio is Ampere turns (flow) of the two stator windings 1 and 2 for flow through the rotor winding 3 1 or less, so that good commutation, in which spark formation is suppressed, cannot be carried out. To remedy this deficiency, one could think of increasing the number of turns of the stator windings 1 and 2 or the number of turns of the rotor winding 3 z * u decrease. However, the number of turns of the stator windings becomes 1 and 2, then the power supplied to the commutator motor at low voltage will be too low. If, on the other hand, the number of turns in the rotor winding is reduced 3, the power consumed by the commutator motor when a high voltage is applied is too great * Such a change the number of turns is therefore not feasible.

To the flow rate ratio on the value. 1 or greater too the number of turns in the rotor winding has generally been reduced, while at the same time the strength of the rotor core has been increased, thereby preventing the power supplied to the commutator motor when the voltage is high gets too big. As a result, a conventional commutator motor which can optionally be used for two different voltages, inevitably has large dimensions. In addition, because the thyristor 4 is used, the input wave does not have a sinusoidal shape, which is why the magnetic noise is generated of the engine is higher.

With the invention, a commutator motor is created which a first and a second commutator, which are seated on the motor shaft, further a first rotor winding, the is connected with its winding ends to the first commutator, a second rotor winding, whose winding ends with the second commutator are connected, a first stator winding

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and a second stator winding and a switch :: with which it is possible, in a first switching position, to connect the first and second Rofcorwick.lung in parallel to the voltage source and put the first and second stator windings in parallel to be applied to the voltage source when the commutator motor is on a voltage source with low voltage is connected, while in a second switching position the changeover switch is the first Rotor winding, the second rotor winding, the first stator winding and the second stator winding connected in series if the commutator motor is connected to a voltage source of high voltage, whereby the commutator motor is at will with lower or high voltage can be operated and for this purpose only the changeover switch needs to be thrown. With this one Commutator motor, the magnetic core of the rotor only needs to be relatively weak, which is why the motor is small and easily builds, while on the other hand there is no commutation Sparking occurs.

The invention is described below on the basis of exemplary embodiments explained in detail in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the windings of a conventional commutator motor for operation with two voltages, wherein at (A) the feeding with low voltage at (B) the feeding with high voltage e>. takes place;

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention Commutator motor;

3A and B are circuit diagrams of the windings of the commutator motor from FIG. 2 with low and high supply, respectively Tension;

4 shows the rotor of the commutator motor from FIG. 2 in a side view at (A), in a view from ] inks at (B) and in a view from the right (C);

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Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the rotor in a side view at (A), in a view from the left at (B) and in a view from the right at (C);

6 shows a second embodiment of the commutator motor according to the invention;

7A and B are circuit diagrams of the windings of the commutator motor from FIG. high voltage;

Fig. 8 is an axial longitudinal section through a with the invention Commutator motor equipped blower;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the fan motor of the fan of Fig. 8;

FIG. 10 is an exploded section showing a brush holder of the motor from FIG. 8 to explain how the brushes are inserted; and

FIG. 11 is a plan view, comparable to the plan view of FIG. 9, of a conventional fan motor.

First of all, the first embodiment of the commutator motor according to the invention is considered in connection with FIGS. 2 to 4. This commutator motor has a rotor 5 and a stator 6. The laminated core (rotor core) 8 is practical fixed in the middle of the shaft 7 of the rotor 5. A first commutator 9 and a second commutator 10 are each open one side of the laminated core 8 attached to the rotor shaft. A first pair of brushes 11 and a second pair of brushes 12 are placed on the commutators 9 and 10, respectively. The rotor shaft 7 is supported by bearings 13 at both ends.

A first rotor winding 14 is located in the slots of the laminated core 8 and a second rotor winding 15 is inserted. The winding ends 14 'of the first rotor winding 14 are connected to the first commutator 9, the winding ends 15 'of the second rotor winding 15 with the second commutator 10 connected. A first stator winding 17 and a second stator winding 18 are parallel in the

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Winding spaces of a stator core 16. The representation of the stator windings 17 and 18 and their arrangement in the stator core 16 is highly schematized in the asymmetrically drawn form. A changeover switch 19 has two movable switching arms, a first 20 and a second 21 which are locked against each other.

When the commutator motor is fed with a low voltage, the switching arms 20, 21 are in the extended position shown in FIG positions shown, wherein a first terminal 22, which is fixedly connected to the first switching arm 20, of this with a first switching terminal 23 is connected, while a second fixed terminal 24 connected to the second Switching arm 21 is connected, of this with a second switching terminal 25 is associated. When the commutator motor is connected to a higher voltage, the dashed lines apply Drawn switch connections, the first fixed terminal 22 connected to the switching arm 20 in connection is, is brought from this with the switching terminal 25 in connection, while the second fixed terminal 24 is connected to the third changeover connection terminal 26 by the changeover arm 21.

The first fixed connection terminal 22 is connected to the one brush of the second brush set 12. The second fixed connection terminal 24 is connected to a pole of a voltage source 27 and with one end of the second stator winding 18. The first changeover connection terminal 23 is connected to the second Pole of the voltage source 27 in connection, as well as with one end of the first stator winding 17. The second changeover connection terminal 25 is connected to a brush of the first brush set 11. The third changeover terminal 26 is on the other hand empty. The second end of the second stator winding 18 is directly connected to the second brush of the second brush set 12, while the second end of the first stator winding 17 is connected to the second brush of the first brush set 11.

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So when the changeover switch 19 with its changeover arms 20, 21 is in the extended position shown in FIG. 2, there is the switching connection according to FIG. 3A, in which the first and the second stator windings 14 and 17 on the one hand and the first and second rotor windings 15 and 18 are on the other hand in series and these two series connections are connected in parallel are. This switching status applies to supply with the low voltage value.

If the changeover switch is switched to the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, the circuit diagram according to FIG. 3B applies, in which all winding parts in the stator and rotor 14, 15 and 18 are connected in series. Even if a tension of twice the value of the low voltage applied to the two ends of the series circuit is that of the individual Windings 14, 15, 17, 18 lying partial voltage is not higher than that when the motor is supplied with the low voltage value. By switching the switch 19 between the two possible switching positions, the speed can be changed with the supply of one and the same voltage, so that the Commutator motor can also be used as a motor with two speeds. Next, with reference to the representations in FIG. 4 the arrangement of the rotor windings 14 and 15 is considered. First the first rotor winding 14 is inserted into the lower sections of the slots of the laminated core 8, and its ends 14 'are correspondingly connected to the segments of the first commutator 9. Then the second rotor winding 15 is over it inserted into the upper part of the grooves, and then the respective coil ends 15 'with the associated segments of the second commutator 10 connected. Since two rotor windings 14 and 15 are inserted into the upper and lower part of the grooves, respectively is the voltage difference between adjacent areas a and b of the upper winding coil or the lower winding coil, such as shown in Fig. 4C, small, so that the withstand voltage properties are improved in the individual sections of the engine.

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It is also possible, the first rotor winding 14 with a conventional coil winding machine to wind and then the second rotor winding 15 to wind it, the laminated core 8 is turned over. In this way, a conventional coil winding machine can be used with advantage, which the conditions favored for mass production. In this structure, however, there is between the second rotor winding on top 15 and the underlying first rotor winding 14 have a high voltage difference, so that an insulating paper intermediate layer should be inserted.

It must be noted at this point that when using the The rotor winding shown in FIG. 4 at the low voltage supply source shows the output power of the commutator motor is somewhat degraded. The output power P of the commutator motor can be represented by the following equation:

P = M (ZS ₁ I ₁ + 0 ₂ I ₁ ) + k (^ ₁ I ₂ + φ ₂ I ₂ )

where φ. that generated by the first stator winding 17

magnetic flux,

φ ~ the magnetic flux generated by the second stator winding 18,

1 ₁ the current flowing through the first rotor winding 14 and

1 ₂ mean the current flowing through the second rotor winding 15.

If the reactances of the first and second rotor windings 14 and 15 are taken into account, then the value of the reactance for the first rotor winding 14, which is located in the lower section of the groove of the laminated rotor core 8, is greater than the reactance value for the second rotor winding 15, which is located in upper groove 'section lies. Even if φ. and I _{1 are in} phase and Φ ₂ and I _{2 are in} phase, the phase positions of ^ ₂ and I ₁ or 'φ are correct. and I ₂

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do not match. In this case, the vector products ^ ₀ I ₁ and Φ are * Ί-2 ^kle i ^ner / ^as if φ ^ ^{un <3} x ¹ I and φ ^ and I are in phase. As a result, the output power of the commutator motor is reduced.

With reference to Fig. 5, another possibility of the winding structure in the rotor, consisting of the rotor windings 14 and 15 / to be discribed. The choice of reference symbols does not differ from that in FIG. 4.

When inserting the rotor winding into the slots of the laminated core

8 two copper wires are always run in parallel. The coil ends 14 "of the first rotor winding 14, which is passed through one of the Copper wires are formed with the first commutator

9 connected. In the same way, the coil ends 15 ′ of the second rotor winding 15, which is formed by the other copper wire, are connected to the second commutator 10. Since with this method two copper wires are introduced into the groove at the same time, which then form the rotor windings 14 and 15, the reactances for these two windings are practically the same, so that the magnetic flux φ ~ generated by the second stator winding has the same phase as the Current I ₁ , which flows in the first rotor winding 14, while the magnetic flux ^ _{1 of} the first stator winding 17 is in phase with the current Ip of the second rotor winding 15. Even when this commutator motor is used at a low voltage, the output power of the commutator motor is not reduced, but rather the maximum value can be taken.

The winding parts a and c from the two copper wires are, as shown in FIG. 5C, close to one another, so that in the Circuit according to FIG. 3B, there is a large voltage difference between these winding sections. So there is the Risk of short circuits if the insulation of the wires is damaged, so great care must be taken during manufacture got to.

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The following description is directed to a second embodiment, which is shown in Figures 6 and 7, the elements that do not differ from the parts in FIGS. 2 and 3 have the same reference numerals. The structure of rotor 5 and stator 6 are as in the example of FIG. 2; there is a difference in the design and the Connections of the changeover switch 28.

The changeover switch 28 has four switching arms, a first switching arm 29, a second switching arm 30, and a third switching arm 31 and a fourth switching arm 32. If the commutator motor is to be operated at low voltage, the switch position applies which is drawn in solid line in FIG. 6. Here, a first fixed terminal 33 is through the first Switching arm 29 connected to a first switching terminal 34; a second fixed switch terminal 35 is across the second switch arm 30 connected to a second changeover terminal 36; a third fixed switch terminal 37 is above the third Changeover arm 31 connected to a third changeover terminal 38; a fourth fixed switch terminal 39 is above the fourth Switching arm 32 connected to a fourth switching terminal 40.

If, on the other hand, the commutator motor is to be connected to a high voltage, the switch position in FIG. 6 is dashed shown. Here, the first fixed switch terminal 33 is through the first switch arm 29 to an empty fifth switch terminal 41 switched, while the second fixed switch terminal 35 via the switch arm 30 with the first switch terminal 34 is associated. The third fixed switch terminal 37 is on the third switch arm 31 with a sixth, empty switching terminal 42 in connection, and the fourth fixed switch terminal 39 is via the fourth switching arm 32 with the third changeover terminal 38 connected.

The first fixed switch terminal 33 is connected to a pole 27 of the power source, which is also connected to a brush of the second pair of brushes 12 is connected. The second fixed switch terminal 35 is

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connected to the other brush of the second pair of brushes 12. The third fixed switch terminal 37 is to the second pole the voltage source 27 and also to one end of the second stator winding 18. The fourth fixed switch terminal 39 is connected to the other end of the second stator winding 18. The first changeover terminal 34 is with a brush of the first set of brushes 11 connected. The second changeover terminal 36 is connected to one end of the first stator winding 17 as well as with the second brush of the first brush set 11 in connection and also with the fourth Changeover terminal 40. The third changeover terminal 38 is connected to the other end of the first stator winding 17. the fifth and sixth changeover terminal 41st and 42 are, as already mentioned, empty.

When the changeover switch 28 is in the position shown in solid lines according to FIG. 6, the two rotor windings 14 and 14 are located 15 parallel to each other, and the same applies to the two stator windings 17 and 18. These parallel circuits are then connected in series with one another, as shown in Fig. 7A. This circuit applies to the supply of the commutator motor in the second embodiment from a current source with a low voltage value.

If the motor is to be operated on a current source with a high voltage value, the changeover switch 28 is switched to the position shown in FIG position shown in dashed lines. All windings of the rotor and the stator are then in series as it shows Fig. 7B. The individual windings 14, 15, 17 and 18 have the same partial voltage values when fed with the high voltage as when fed with the low voltage.

The following description relates to a fan which is driven by the commutator motor according to the invention, and relates to FIGS. 8 to 10.

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An electrically driven fan 43 has a motor housing 44 made of sheet metal which is produced using a drawing process. A End shield 45 with an enlarged diameter covers one opening side of the motor housing 44 and is attached to it Screws or the like. Attached. By means of ball bearings 13, the shaft 7 of the rotor 5 is in embossed central depressions of the bearing plate 45 and another bearing plate on the other side of the bearing housing 44 is supported. The shaft 7 is standing with a shaft end from the end shield 45 before. A centrifugal fan wheel 46 is placed on the shaft end.

An air guide plate 47 is located between the fan wheel 46 and the bearing plate 45. The bearing plate 45 has in the edge area a protruding edge 48 which engages over the motor housing 44 at a radial distance. The opening of the fan housing 49 is pushed over the edge 48. The fan housing 49 has an air inlet opening 50 in its center. In the end shield 45 ventilation openings 51 and 52 are provided, through which the interior of the motor housing 44 is ventilated.

When the fan rotates, air is drawn in through the air inlet 50 and into the air through the ventilation openings 51 Motor housing 44 is blown after being drawn around guide plate 47, where rotor 5 and stator 6 are then cooled before the air is released from the ventilation openings 52 on the other side of the engine.

As mentioned earlier, is on the first commutator 9, which is in the air flow direction on the rear Located at the end of the rotor 5, a pair of brushes 11 while another pair of brushes 12 rests on the second commutator 10 at the front end of the rotor 5. These brushes 11 and 12 are held and guided in brush holders 53 and 54, as in a conventional commutator motor, and are guided by Coil springs, which also serve as a ladder, against the Commutator pressed, the brush holders 53, 54 being formed by metallic guide tubes, which are in insulating

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material bodies are used. The motor housing 44 has bores 55 and 56 on its circumference, into which the brush holders 53, 54 are inserted. These holes 55 and 56 are on a line parallel to the shaft 7 of the rotor 5, so that it can be through a single punching process in the manufacture of Motor can be mounted in the motor housing 44. The bores 55 and 56 are near the ends of the motor housing 44. Since the annular edge 48 of the end shield 45 extends over the front bores 56, the brush holder is inserted 54 obstructed by the edge. For this reason, recesses 57 are provided where the ring edge 48 extends over the bore 56 reaches across.

10 shows a top view of the motor before the fan housing 49 is plugged on, a brush holder 54 being inserted into the corresponding bore 56 through the recess 57 and then fixed to the motor housing 44 by a screw 58 so that a brush 12 of the second pair of brushes is attached. The rear brush holders 53 are inserted into the bores 55 and then fastened to the motor housing 44 with screws 59. When the fan housing 49 is then fastened on the motor housing 44 after the front brush holders 54 have been inserted and fixed, the recesses 57 are covered by the fan housing 49 and are thus invisible. At the location of the recesses 57 in the ring edge 48, if the fan housing 49 is to be removed, a striking tool can easily be attached, which means that it is particularly easy to dismantle during maintenance or repair work on the fan 43. Fig. 9 shows that the width W _{2 of} the recesses 54 is greater than the width W. of the brush holder 54, whereby the insertion of the brush holder 54 is facilitated.

A plan view of the housing of a conventional motor or fan is shown in FIG. 11. As in the edge 48 of the end shield no recesses 57 are provided, the motor housing 44 must have a length L up to the edge 48, the enables the trouble-free insertion of the brush holder 54.

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In contrast, the total length of the motor in the embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10 can be _{shortened by the distance I 1} , the axial length of the bearing plate 48, which means a shortening of the total length of the fan.

In the manner according to the invention according to features of claim 1 designed commutator motor enables not only the stator windings but also the rotor windings can be connected either in parallel or in series so that it can be operated with low and high voltage and has essentially the same output power and does not require a thyristor as is the case with conventional motors the case is. The magnetic core of the laminated core does not need to be particularly thick in the motor, and the commutation runs spark-free. The small required laminated core thickness allows the motor to be built small and light. If the first rotor winding is in the lower slot area and the second rotor winding is in the upper slot area of the stator core is accommodated, then the potential difference between adjacent coils is small, so that there is a risk of Winding breakdown is not increased. In addition, since the winding can be made with ordinary winding machines can, the commutator motor is also suitable for mass production. Furthermore, two parallel wires can be used at the same time are wrapped in the grooves of the laminated core, so that the first and the second rotor winding as it were into one another They then have practically the same reactance values and the same maximum output power is available on the shaft for both types of circuit, i.e. the motor has a very good utilization factor.

The commutator motor according to the invention can be connected to an electric fan. You can do this with an end shield Attach a large diameter to one end of the motor housing and fit the fan housing onto its outer edge. The outer edge of the end shield overlaps the motor housing at a radial distance. At diametrically opposite

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Recesses are provided in the edge where the motor housing has bores on its circumference for insertion the commutator brushes, which are in the axial direction with the holes for the commutator brushes at the other end of the motor housing are in alignment. The insertion of the brush holder is facilitated by the recesses, and although the The number of commutators is increased, it is not necessary to lengthen the motor housing. In addition, the Recesses for repairs, removing the fan housing.

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Claims (8)

3012508 / Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.,
Moriguchi-shi, Osaka-fu / Japan Commutator motor PATENT CLAIMS \ 1.J Commutator motor with a first commutator on the Shaft of the rotor, a first rotor winding, the winding ends of which are connected to the first commutator, and one first and a second stator winding in the stator, characterized by a second commutator (10) on the rotor shaft (7) and a second rotor winding (15), the winding ends of which are connected to the second commutator (10), and a changeover switch (19,28) with which the rotor windings (14,15) * parallel to one another to a voltage source (27) and the stator windings (17, 18) can be connected in parallel to one another to the voltage source (27) when the commutator motor is on low voltage is operated, and with which the rotor windings (14,15) and the stator windings (17,18) during operation of the commutator motor are all connected in series at high voltage. 2. Commutator motor according to claim 1, characterized in that when the motor is operated at low voltage with the changeover switch (19) a rotor winding (14) and a stator winding (17) in series with each other and the second rotor winding (15) and the second stator winding can also be connected in series with one another and the two series connections can be connected in parallel with one another are. 3. commutator motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that a commutator (9,10) is seated on both sides of the laminated rotor core (8). OFUGINAL INSPECTED 030051/0630 ^ - 4. commutator motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first rotor winding (14) in the slot base and the second rotor winding (15) in the outer area the grooves of the rotor core (8). 5. commutator motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor windings (14,15) are wound into one another with two parallel wires. 6. commutator motor according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 5, characterized in that when the motor is operated at lower Voltage through the changeover switch (28) the rotor windings (14,15) on the one hand and the stator windings (17,18) on the other hand can be connected in parallel with each other and these two parallel connections can be connected in series. 7. Commutator motor according to one of claims 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the two commutators are on one side of the rotor core. 8. commutator motor according to claim 1, characterized in that at one end of a motor housing (44) a bearing plate (45) is attached with a large diameter, on the edge flange (48) of the housing (49) of a fan can be plugged that the edge flange (48) overlaps the motor housing (44) at an axial distance, that diametrically opposite recesses in the edge flange (48) (57) are arranged that aligned with these recesses (57) in one end of the motor housing (44) bores (56) and another two bores (55) are provided at the other end of the motor housing and that in the bores (55,56) brush holder (53,54) are used for the brushes (11,12) of the commutator. 030051/0830