DE29709266U1 - Landfill and biogas processing plant - Google Patents
Landfill and biogas processing plantInfo
- Publication number
- DE29709266U1 DE29709266U1 DE29709266U DE29709266U DE29709266U1 DE 29709266 U1 DE29709266 U1 DE 29709266U1 DE 29709266 U DE29709266 U DE 29709266U DE 29709266 U DE29709266 U DE 29709266U DE 29709266 U1 DE29709266 U1 DE 29709266U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- methane
- hydrogen
- biogas
- landfill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/144—Purification; Separation; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/02—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms
- C07C9/04—Methane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
- B01D2317/02—Elements in series
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
- C01B2203/0883—Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1023—Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/145—At least two purification steps in parallel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/146—At least two purification steps in series
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
Lörrach, den 21.7.1997 BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGLörrach, 21.7.1997 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Gegenstand der Erfindung ;Lst eine Pozesskette zur Aufbereitung von Deponie- und Biogas zu Methan und/oder Hasserstoff mit Hohlfasermembranen und Nutzung der Reingase Methan und Wasserstoff als alternativer Kraftstoff für Fahrzeuge. Es handelt sich dabei um die Kopplung von Anlagen und Komponenten, die in dieser Form erstmalig gedanklich und apparativ miteinander verbunden wurden. Bestandteil der Komponenten ist auch die Integration einer vollautomatischen Betankungsanlage für Fahrzeuge, wie PKW, LKW und Busse. Auch die Kopplung mit einer Wasserstofftankstelle ist möglich.The subject of the invention is a process chain for processing landfill and biogas into methane and/or hydrogen using hollow fiber membranes and using the pure gases methane and hydrogen as an alternative fuel for vehicles. This involves the coupling of systems and components that have been connected to one another in this form for the first time, both conceptually and in terms of equipment. The components also include the integration of a fully automatic refueling system for vehicles such as cars, trucks and buses. Coupling with a hydrogen filling station is also possible.
Der Erfindung liegt insbesondere die Anwendung von Deponie- und Biogas welches aus anaeroben Vergärungsprozessen gewonnen wird zugrunde. Bisher wurden diese Gase nur zur Verstromung in Block-Heizkraftwerken (Gasmotoren) und als Heizgas in Kesseln verwendet, oder abgefackelt. Bekannt ist nur eine Anwendung von Biogas aus der Schweiz, jedoch mit einer völlig anderen Technik. Die hier beschriebene und benutzte Aufbereitung der Gase mit Membranen geht über den Stand der Technik hinaus, wie aus der einschlägigen Fachliteratur und den Datenrecherchen hervorgeht, wurde diese Energiequelle für Fahrzeuge über die Vergärung von Biomasse bisher nicht berücksichtigt, sondern nur die thermische Vergasung von Biomasse, sowie die Anwendung von Methanol und Wasserstoff aus Erdgas, oder aus der Wasser-Elektrolyse.The invention is based in particular on the use of landfill gas and biogas obtained from anaerobic fermentation processes. Up to now, these gases have only been used to generate electricity in combined heat and power plants (gas engines) and as heating gas in boilers, or have been flared. Only one application of biogas is known from Switzerland, but with a completely different technology. The processing of the gases with membranes described and used here goes beyond the state of the art, as can be seen from the relevant specialist literature and data research, this energy source for vehicles via the fermentation of biomass has not been taken into account up to now, only the thermal gasification of biomass, as well as the use of methanol and hydrogen from natural gas or from water electrolysis.
(Siehe Datensammlung, Literatur, stand der Technik)(See data collection, literature, state of the art)
Die organischen Abfälle aus Haushalten, Landwirtschaft und Industrie werden zum allergrössten Teil bisher deponiert oder verbrannt- Auch Kompostierung als aerobes Verfahren wird neuerdings angewendet, wobei aber kein Methan entsteht. Die in Deutschland anfallende Menge an organiscchen Abfällen kann bei vollständiger Vergärung den gesamten Kraftstoff für die etwa 53 Millionen Fahrzeuge liefern. Als Gesamtenergie-equivalent können etwa 100.000 Tonen Benzin und Dieselkraftstoff ersetzt werden.The majority of organic waste from households, agriculture and industry is currently landfilled or burned. Composting as an aerobic process has also recently been used, although this does not produce any methane. The amount of organic waste generated in Germany can, if fully fermented, provide all the fuel for around 53 million vehicles. The total energy equivalent can replace around 100,000 tons of petrol and diesel fuel.
Der Nutzen des Systems liegt darin, dass dieses zur gewerblichen Anwendung vermarktet werden kann. Voraussetzung ist lediglich das Vorhandensein einer Deponie, die Deponiegas liefert, oder einer Biogas- oder Vergärungsanlage, die entsprechend Biogas liefert.The benefit of the system is that it can be marketed for commercial use. The only requirement is the existence of a landfill that supplies landfill gas or a biogas or fermentation plant that supplies biogas.
Werden die hier beschriebenen Anlagen installiert und in Betrieb genommen, steht eine für Jedermann nutzbare Anlage zur Betankung von Erdgas1- Biogasfahrzeugen oder für den Gasbetrieb· umgerüsteter Diesel- und Bezinfahrzeuge zur Verfügung. Der 4.Prozessschritt erweitert das System zur Wasserstoffwirtschaft.If the systems described here are installed and put into operation, a system that can be used by everyone is available for refueling natural gas 1 - biogas vehicles or diesel and petrol vehicles converted to run on gas. The 4th process step expands the system to the hydrogen economy.
BESCHREIBUNG DER KOMPONENTEN DES SYSTEMS Gagaufbereitung DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS Gag processing
Die Anlage zur Aufbereitung der Gase (Deponie- oder Biogas) ist vom grundsätzlichen Aufbau und der Funktionsweise für beide Gase identisch. Allerdings muß für Deponiegas eine zusätzlicheThe plant for processing the gases (landfill or biogas) is fundamentally designed and works the same for both gases. However, an additional
Reinigung der Spurengase wie FCKW und KW vorgeschaltet werden. Diese besteht in der Regel aus Druckbehältern mit aktivierter Aktivkohle die nach jeder adsorptiven Anreicherung wieder regeneriert wird und dadurch für längere Zeiträume (mehrere Jahre) verwendet werden kann. Das Schwefelwasserstoffgas wird ebenfalls an Aktivkohle adsorbiert, die zur Aktivierung aber jodiert werden muß. Diese muß regelmäßig, in der Regel jährlich, erneuert werden. Handelt es sich beim vorhandenen Prozeßgas um Biogas, so muß nur der Schwefelwasserstoffgehalt des Gases reduziert werden. Ein weiterer Schritt zur Aufbereitung ist die Trocknung der Gase durch das Entfernen von wasserdampf. Dieser Behandlungsschritt ist aber in der Aktivkohlestufe, oder der Membranstufe integriert,Purification of trace gases such as CFCs and HCFCs must be carried out upstream. This usually consists of pressure vessels with activated carbon, which is regenerated after each adsorptive enrichment and can therefore be used for longer periods (several years). The hydrogen sulphide gas is also adsorbed on activated carbon, which must be iodized for activation. This must be renewed regularly, usually annually. If the existing process gas is biogas, only the hydrogen sulphide content of the gas must be reduced. A further step in processing is drying the gases by removing water vapor. This treatment step is integrated in the activated carbon stage or the membrane stage.
Die Prozessdaten des Rohgases sind für Biogas und Deponiegas verschieden, die Hauptparameter des Gases haben folgende Werte:The process data of the raw gas are different for biogas and landfill gas, the main parameters of the gas have the following values:
Methangehalt CH4 42-58%Methane content CH 4 42-58%
Kohlendioxid CO2 38-50%Carbon dioxide CO 2 38-50%
Schwefelwasserstoff H2S 100 ppmHydrogen sulphide H 2 S 100 ppm
Summe Kohlenwasserstoffe KW 3-5%Total hydrocarbons KW 3-5%
Wasserdampf gesättigt bei 2O0CWater vapor saturated at 2O 0 C
Gastemperatur 5-40 °CGas temperature 5-40 °C
Druck 20-250 mbarPressure 20-250 mbar
Nach der Entfernung der Spurengase (H2S, HFCK, FKW, H2O) wird das Gas auf 11 bar verdichtet und anschließend mit diesem Druck in die Merabrantrennanlage geleitet.After removal of the trace gases (H 2 S, HCFC, PFC, H 2 O), the gas is compressed to 11 bar and then fed into the mebranate separation plant at this pressure.
Die Trennanlage besteht aus neuartigen Hohlfaser-Wickelmembranen die aufgrund ihres konstruktiven Aufbaues das Methan und das Gas Kohlendioxid trennen. Das Rohgas hat Methangehalte zwischen 42 - 58%. Der Kohlendioxidgehalt liegt zwischen 50 - 38%. Auf der Reingasseite der Membrane tritt das Gas (Permeat) mit Methangehalten von mindestens 94% aus. Der Kohlendioxidgehalt liegt bei 5-6%. Dabei wird das Rohgas immer wieder recycliert. Überschüssiges Kohlendioxid wird an die Luft abgegeben. (Retentat)The separation system consists of new hollow fiber wound membranes which, due to their structural design, separate the methane and the gas carbon dioxide. The raw gas has methane contents of between 42 - 58%. The carbon dioxide content is between 50 - 38%. On the clean gas side of the membrane, the gas (permeate) exits with methane contents of at least 94%. The carbon dioxide content is 5-6%. The raw gas is recycled again and again. Excess carbon dioxide is released into the air. (Retentate)
Die Gasaufbereitung arbeitet vollautomatisch und wird durch ein Gasanalysegerät gesteuert. Führungsgröße für das Meßgerät ist der prozentuale Gehalt des Gases CH4 an der Reingasseite.The gas preparation works fully automatically and is controlled by a gas analysis device. The reference value for the measuring device is the percentage content of the gas CH 4 on the clean gas side.
Das Reingas hat folgende Parameter:The clean gas has the following parameters:
Methangehalt CH4 94-96%Methane content CH 4 94-96%
Kohlendioxid CO2 2-3 %Carbon dioxide CO 2 2-3 %
Schwefelwasserstoff H2S 5 ppmHydrogen sulphide H 2 S 5 ppm
Gastemperatur 30-40 CGas temperature 30-40 C
Druck 10,5 -11 barPressure 10.5 -11 bar
Die Anlage ist in einen 20'Container montiert und kann betriebsbereit zu Aufstellungsorten angeliefert werden. Das System enthält alle notwendigen Sicherheits- und Regeleinrichtungen, die bei Anlagen mit Gasbetrieb nach dem Stand der Technik gefordert werden.The system is installed in a 20' container and can be delivered to the installation site ready for use. The system contains all the necessary safety and control devices that are required for state-of-the-art gas-powered systems.
Der Einsatz von Hohlfaser-Membranen mit einem Betriebsdruck von Il bar stellt ein völlig neues, sehr preiswertes und sicheres Verfahren zur Gastrennung dar und wird in dieser Form erstmalig angewendet. Durch eine zweistufige Anordnung der TrennmembranenThe use of hollow fiber membranes with an operating pressure of 11 bar represents a completely new, very inexpensive and safe process for gas separation and is being used in this form for the first time. Through a two-stage arrangement of the separation membranes
kann die Anreicherung des Methans bis auf 98*99% gesteigert werfen. An eine^r weiteren Optimierung der Membranen wird gearbeitet, so'daß in Zukunft fast reines Methan mit ca. 99% Reinheit aufbereitet werden kann. Durch diesen Prozeßschritt wird eine noch weitergehende Gasnutzung vorbereitet, nämlich die Gewinnung von reinen Wasserstoff durch katalytische Trennung des Methans (reforming process) in reinen Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoffverbindungen, so daß es möglich wird, Brennstoffzellen, das Antriebssystem der Zukunft, mit Wasserstoff aus Biogas und Deponiegas zu versorgen.The enrichment of methane can be increased to 98*99%. Work is underway to further optimize the membranes so that in the future almost pure methane with a purity of around 99% can be processed. This process step will prepare for even more extensive gas utilization, namely the production of pure hydrogen by catalytic separation of the methane (reforming process) into pure hydrogen and carbon compounds, making it possible to supply fuel cells, the drive system of the future, with hydrogen from biogas and landfill gas.
Nach der Gasaufbereitung (l.Upgrading) hat das Gas die Qualität von Erdgas H und besser. Es verläßt die Aufbereitung mit 11 bar Druck und wird dann einer hydraulisch arbeitenden Kompressoranlage zur Druckerhöhung zugeführt. Das hydraulische System ist in der Lage, Saugdrücke von 22 mbar -73 bar zu verarbeiten, mit wahlweise einstellbaren Enddrücken von 200/230/250 bar. Zur Speicherung des Gases können Batterien aus Druckgaszylindern aufgestellt werden. Diese werden je nach abgenommener Gasmenge und der gewünschten Tankgeschwindigkeit berechnet und zusammengestellt. Diese Hochdruckgasspeicher dienen zur Pufferung der Versorgung und zur Sicherheit der Gaslieferung. Auch das Kompressorsystem und der Hochdruckgasspeicher arbeiten vollautomatisch und sind mit allen notwendigen Sicherheitseinrichtungen ausgerüstet.After gas processing (1.Upgrading), the gas has the quality of natural gas H and better. It leaves the processing plant at a pressure of 11 bar and is then fed to a hydraulically operated compressor system to increase the pressure. The hydraulic system is able to handle suction pressures of 22 mbar -73 bar, with optionally adjustable final pressures of 200/230/250 bar. Batteries of compressed gas cylinders can be set up to store the gas. These are calculated and put together depending on the amount of gas used and the desired tank speed. These high-pressure gas storage tanks serve to buffer the supply and ensure the security of the gas delivery. The compressor system and the high-pressure gas storage tank also work fully automatically and are equipped with all the necessary safety devices.
Durch Kopplung mit einem kleinen Booster-Kompressors wird die Zeit zum Betanken, zum Beispiel von Bussen und LKW, auf 3-4 Minuten reduziert, (Fast-Fill-System)By coupling with a small booster compressor, the time for refueling, for example buses and trucks, is reduced to 3-4 minutes (Fast-Fill system)
Der Tankvorgang selbst erfolgt mit einem Dispenser, wie er auch für die Erdgasbetankung verwendet wird. Die Steuerung des Dispensers übernimmt eine Mikroprozessoreinheit, die auch sämtliche Sicherheits- und Regelfunktionen des Systems enthält und überwacht. Das Dispensersystem ist eichfähig und mit elektronischen Registriersystemen gekoppelt. Gemessen wird die getankte Gasmenge in kg, sowie die restliche Speicherkapazität in den Gaszylindern des Fahrzeuges. Bei 100% Füllung schaltet das System automatisch ab. Die Zapfsäule kann mit Scheckkarten, Münzen, Banknoten bedient werden, wie übliche Tankstellen für Fahrzeuge allerneuester Konstruktion. Eine TOv Abnahme liegt vor.The refueling process itself is carried out using a dispenser, as is also used for natural gas refueling. The dispenser is controlled by a microprocessor unit, which also contains and monitors all of the system's safety and control functions. The dispenser system is calibrated and linked to electronic recording systems. The amount of gas refueled is measured in kg, as is the remaining storage capacity in the vehicle's gas cylinders. When the tank is 100% full, the system switches off automatically. The pump can be operated using credit cards, coins and banknotes, like normal filling stations for vehicles of the latest design. A TOv approval has been obtained.
Die 4. Stufe der Prozesskette geht auf den Methanreforroer-Prozess zurück, jedoch auf der Basis eines neue entwickelten katalytischen Reformers des Fraunhofer Institutes in Freiburg. Das Methan wird mit einem Druck von 1-6 bar in den Methanreformer eingeleitet. Parallel dazu wird Wasser in den Reformer eingedüst. Durch Zuführung von Wärme von einem keramischen Strahlungsbrenner im Metal1-Wabenkatalysator eneteht ein wasserstoffreiches Gasgemisch aus H2, CO2, CO, Methan und Wasser. Xn einer nachgeschalteten Shiftstufe erfolgt die weitere Umsetzung des Gases bis zu einem Wasserstoffgehalt von ca.78%. Nach Abkühlung des Gasgemisches wird diese Trennmembranen zugeführt, die eine Anreicherung des Wasserstoffes auf mindestens 99,5% sicher zu stellen. Der hochreine Wasserstoff kann anschliessend in einer BrennstoffzelleThe 4th stage of the process chain is based on the methane reformer process, but on a newly developed catalytic reformer from the Fraunhofer Institute in Freiburg. The methane is fed into the methane reformer at a pressure of 1-6 bar. At the same time, water is injected into the reformer. By supplying heat from a ceramic radiant burner in the metal1 honeycomb catalyst, a hydrogen-rich gas mixture of H 2 , CO 2 , CO, methane and water is created. In a downstream shift stage, the gas is further converted to a hydrogen content of approx. 78%. After the gas mixture has cooled, it is fed to separation membranes that ensure that the hydrogen is enriched to at least 99.5%. The high-purity hydrogen can then be used in a fuel cell.
in Strom und Wärme umgewandelt werden. Brennstoffzellen können Stationär'und'in Fahrzeugen einsetzt werden.converted into electricity and heat. Fuel cells can be used stationarily and in vehicles.
IV. EEWSEBNISSB DER DATENRECHERCHE, LITERATURQUELLEN, STAW DER TECHHIK IV. REVIEW OF DATA RESEARCH, LITERATURE SOURCES, STATE OF TECHNOLOGY
O%e Datenrecherche wurde von der Steinbeisstiftung in Stuttgart durchgeführt. Grundlage ist das Datenbank- und Informationssystem CQRDIS der Europäischen Kommission für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technik. In der Datenbank wurden keine Informationen zum Upgrading von Biogas mit Membranen gefunden, so dass das vorgeschlagene Konzept über den Stand der Technik hinausgeht. (Siehe Kopien in der Anlage) O%e data research was carried out by the Steinbeis Foundation in Stuttgart. The basis is the CQRDIS database and information system of the European Commission for Science, Research and Technology. No information on upgrading biogas with membranes was found in the database, so the proposed concept goes beyond the state of the art. (See copies in the appendix)
/1/ K.Wiemer, M.Kern, Abfallwirtschaft. Neues aus Forschung und Praxis (1994), ISBN 3-928673-12-2, 37213 Witzenhausen/1/ K.Wiemer, M.Kern, Waste management. News from research and practice (1994), ISBN 3-928673-12-2, 37213 Witzenhausen
/2/ VDI-Berichte 1182; Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (1995) Fortschrittliche Energiewandlung Energiewandlung und Anwendung, U.Tscheuschier, Verwendung und Aufbereitung von Biogas aus der Vergärung organischer Abfälle zum Antrieb für PKW und LKW./2/ VDI reports 1182; Association of German Engineers (1995) Advanced energy conversion Energy conversion and application, U.Tscheuschier, Use and processing of biogas from the fermentation of organic waste to power cars and trucks.
/3/ B.Schätzle, Aufbereitung von Biogas mittels Membrantechnik Diplomarbeit Fachhochschule Konstanz (1994)/3/ B.Schätzle, Processing of biogas using membrane technology Diploma thesis, University of Applied Sciences Konstanz (1994)
/4/ Forschungsverbund Sonnennenergie (1995)/4/ Solar Energy Research Association (1995)
Sonnenenergiethemen 94/95, Energiespeicherung DLR, Linder Höhe, 51147 KölnSolar energy topics 94/95, energy storage DLR, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne
/5/ Horst-A.Kuckuck, IZE Informationen zur Elektrizität (1996) Frankfurt / Main, Die Zukunft des Elektroautos/5/ Horst-A.Kuckuck, IZE Information on Electricity (1996) Frankfurt / Main, The future of the electric car
/6/ The Kraus Group of Alternative Fuels. Product Specification Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2J 3 V9 (1995)/6/ The Kraus Group of Alternative Fuels. Product Specification Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2J 3 V9 (1995)
/7/ Sherex/OPW; Technical Papers on Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling Technology, Herex Industries, Burlington, Ontario Canada (1993)/7/ Sherex/OPW; Technical Papers on Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling Technology, Herex Industries, Burlington, Ontario Canada (1993)
/8/ Bartosch, Braun, Drehwit2: Erdgas ein neuer Treibstoff für . Fahrzeuge, Stadtwerke Augsburg (1996)/8/ Bartosch, Braun, Drehwit2: Natural gas a new fuel for vehicles, Stadtwerke Augsburg (1996)
/9/ VDI-Berichte Nr.1020, Verein DEutscher Ingenieure (1992)/9/ VDI Reports No.1020, Association of German Engineers (1992)
Knorr, MAN: CNG komprimiertes Erdgas - ein neuer Kraftstoff für Stadtbusse und LKW'sKnorr, MAN: CNG compressed natural gas - a new fuel for city buses and trucks
/IQ/Broschüre Nr.:190394/5/ Druckschrift: Biogas Opwerking, Biogas Upgrading, CIRMAC bv, NL-2806 Goudä (1993)/IQ/Brochure No.:190394/5/ Publication: Biogas Opwerking, Biogas Upgrading, CIRMAC bv, NL-2806 Goudä (1993)
/11/Handbuch Abfall, Vergärung und Kompostierung von Bioabfällen Metodenvergleich, Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg, 76185 Karlsruhe (1994)/11/Handbook on waste, fermentation and composting of organic waste Method comparison, State Agency for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, 76185 Karlsruhe (1994)
Es sind verschiedene Projekte und Verfahren zur Anwendung von Membranen zur Aufbereitung (Upgrading) von Deponiegas und Biogas bekannt. Xm hier behandelten Verfahren sind jedoch erstmalig Membranen eingesetzt, die mit Niederdruck von 11 bar arbeiten. Weiterhin ist die Anwendung des Gases zum Antrieb von Fahrzeugen in einer direkten Prozesskette bestehend aus vergärung-üpgrading-Druckerhöhung-Speicherung-Methanreformierung-Betankung soweit bekannt erstmalig dargestellt wird. Bekannt ist ein Verfahren in der Schweiz mittels eines Waschprozesses, der als konventionelle Technik einzustufen ist. Das hier vorgeschlagene Verfahren mit Niederdruck-Membranen geht über den Stand der Technik hinaus.Various projects and processes for the use of membranes for the upgrading of landfill gas and biogas are known. However, the processes discussed here are the first to use membranes that operate at a low pressure of 11 bar. Furthermore, the use of the gas to drive vehicles in a direct process chain consisting of fermentation, upgrading, pressure increase, storage, methane reforming and refueling is, as far as is known, the first time that this has been done. A process is known in Switzerland using a washing process that can be classified as conventional technology. The process proposed here with low-pressure membranes goes beyond the state of the art.
Die gedankliche und die apparative Verbindung der Deponie- und Biogasaufbereitung mit dem Methan-Reforming-Prozess zur Wasserstoffgewinnung wurde ebenfalls in der vorgeschlagenen Energie-Prozess-Kette bisher nicht dargestellt. Diese Prozesskette in Verbindung mit der anaeroben Vergärung organischer Abfälle und deren grosse regelmässig anfallenden Menge, eine Möglichkeit dar, den gesamten Energiebedarf der strassenfahrzeuge in Deutschland zu decken. In der ersten Stufe kann dies mit Methan erfolgen, in der zweiten Stufe mit Wasserstoff.The conceptual and technical connection between landfill and biogas processing and the methane reforming process for hydrogen production has not yet been presented in the proposed energy process chain. This process chain, in conjunction with the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste and the large amount that is regularly produced, represents a possibility of covering the entire energy requirements of road vehicles in Germany. In the first stage, this can be done with methane, in the second stage with hydrogen.
Weiterhin ist bekannt, dass die Firma ÜBE Industries Ltd. in Tokio, Japan, die einzige bekannte Firma, die sich mit Gas Trennmembranen beschäftigt. Es wurden Projekte zur Aufbereitung von Deponiegas durchgeführt. Biogas wurde nicht aufbereitet. Es liegen keine Informationen darüber vor, ob aufbereitetes Gas zum Antrieb von Fahrzeugen verwendet wurde.It is also known that ÜBE Industries Ltd. in Tokyo, Japan, is the only known company that deals with gas separation membranes. Projects have been carried out to process landfill gas. Biogas has not been processed. There is no information on whether processed gas has been used to power vehicles.
Auch in den USA wurden Projekte zur Aufbereitung von Deponiegas durchgeführt und das Gas in Gasmotoren verbrannt. Projekt in denen Biogas als Rohgas verwendet wurde sind nicht bekannt.Projects to process landfill gas and burn the gas in gas engines have also been carried out in the USA. Projects in which biogas was used as raw gas are not known.
Unter Berücksichtigung der vorliegenden Informationen ist davon auszugehen, dass die angemeldete Energie-Prozesskette über den Stand der Technik hinaus geht.Taking into account the available information, it can be assumed that the energy process chain registered goes beyond the state of the art.
Dipl.Ing.U.TscheuschierDipl.Ing.U.Tscheuschier
ANLAGENINVESTMENTS
Prozess-FliessbilderProcess flow diagrams
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| DE29709266U DE29709266U1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1997-05-27 | Landfill and biogas processing plant |
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| DE29709266U DE29709266U1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1997-05-27 | Landfill and biogas processing plant |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19947339A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Wolfgang Tentscher | Agricultural methane generator reactor has sub-surface inlet accelerating fermentation |
| EP1097903A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-09 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the production of pure hydrogen starting from a gas containing helium |
| DE10047264B4 (en) * | 2000-09-23 | 2006-05-04 | G.A.S. Energietechnologie Gmbh | Method for using methane-containing biogas |
| WO2007080169A2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-19 | Gasrec Limited | Methane recovery from a landfill gas |
| WO2010073026A1 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2010-07-01 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process |
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 DE DE29709266U patent/DE29709266U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19947339A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Wolfgang Tentscher | Agricultural methane generator reactor has sub-surface inlet accelerating fermentation |
| DE19947339B4 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2005-02-24 | Tentscher, Wolfgang, Dr. | Process and plant for the production and treatment of biogas |
| EP1097903A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-09 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the production of pure hydrogen starting from a gas containing helium |
| FR2800725A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-11 | Air Liquide | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PURE HYDROGEN FROM A GAS CONTAINING HELIUM |
| US6669922B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2003-12-30 | L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Installation for the production of pure hydrogen from a gas containing helium |
| DE10047264B4 (en) * | 2000-09-23 | 2006-05-04 | G.A.S. Energietechnologie Gmbh | Method for using methane-containing biogas |
| WO2007080169A2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-19 | Gasrec Limited | Methane recovery from a landfill gas |
| EP1811011A1 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-25 | Gasrec Ltd | Methane recovery from a landfill gas |
| WO2007080169A3 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-09-13 | Gasrec Ltd | Methane recovery from a landfill gas |
| US8460434B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2013-06-11 | Gasrec Limited | Methane recovery from a landfill gas |
| WO2010073026A1 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2010-07-01 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process |
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