DE10216709A1 - On-board water treatment uses a combination of a high temperature fuel cell and a turbine, to give water of different qualities to be drawn off at different stages of the process - Google Patents

On-board water treatment uses a combination of a high temperature fuel cell and a turbine, to give water of different qualities to be drawn off at different stages of the process

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Publication number
DE10216709A1
DE10216709A1 DE10216709A DE10216709A DE10216709A1 DE 10216709 A1 DE10216709 A1 DE 10216709A1 DE 10216709 A DE10216709 A DE 10216709A DE 10216709 A DE10216709 A DE 10216709A DE 10216709 A1 DE10216709 A1 DE 10216709A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
water
fuel cell
turbine
heat
temperature fuel
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Granted
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DE10216709A
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German (de)
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DE10216709B4 (en
Inventor
Claus Hoffjann
Hans-Juergen Heinrich
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Priority to DE10216709A priority Critical patent/DE10216709B4/en
Application filed by Airbus Operations GmbH filed Critical Airbus Operations GmbH
Priority to AT03008231T priority patent/ATE308485T1/en
Priority to EP03008231A priority patent/EP1354856B1/en
Priority to ES03008231T priority patent/ES2251642T3/en
Priority to DE50301523T priority patent/DE50301523D1/en
Priority to JP2003110379A priority patent/JP4934265B2/en
Priority to US10/417,894 priority patent/US7036314B2/en
Publication of DE10216709A1 publication Critical patent/DE10216709A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE10216709B4 publication Critical patent/DE10216709B4/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H01M8/2495—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies of fuel cells of different types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/02—Toilet fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B64D2041/005—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

An assembly to treat water, and distribute on-board generated water supplies in an aircraft or land vehicle or sea vessels, has a combined process with a high temperature fuel cell and a turbine. A reformer process is integrated into the fuel cell to be operated by its heat, using a hydrocarbon fuel, and a dosage feed of raw and fresh water. The assembly to treat water, and distribute on-board generated water supplies in an aircraft or land vehicle or sea vessels, has a combined process with a high temperature fuel cell and a turbine working in a temperature range \- 500 deg C. A reformer process is integrated into the fuel cell to be operated by its heat, using a hydrocarbon fuel, and a dosage feed of raw and fresh water. The water purification process is operated by the fuel cell heat, together with a water distribution and a self-regulating water salination unit. The fuel cell is a ceramic oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) etc.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wasseraufbereitung und Verteilung von bordgeneriertem Wasser in Luft-, Land- und/oder Wasserfahrzeugen, welches vorzugsweise auch in autonomen stationären Einrichtungen zur Anwendung kommen kann. The invention relates to a method for water treatment and distribution of on-board generated Water in air, land and / or water vehicles, which preferably also in autonomous stationary facilities can be used.

Speziell in Luftfahrzeugen aber auch an Bord von Wasser- oder Landfahrzeugen sowie bei autonomen stationären Einrichtungen lässt sich Wasser z. B. durch den Einsatz von Brennstoffzellen oder einen anderen geeigneten Prozess gewinnen. Das aus Brennstoffzellen oder einem anderen Prozess gewonnene Wasser muss für die Verwendung in WC-Spülungen, als Trinkwasser, Duschwasser, Waschwasser und zur Luftbefeuchtung in Klimaanlagen jeweils unterschiedliche Wasserqualitäten aufweisen:

  • - Trinkwasser muss für den menschlichen Verzehr geeignet sein und den Anforderungen nationaler und internationaler Trinkwasserverordnungen entsprechen.
  • - Duschwasser und Waschwasser muss ebenfalls Trinkwasserqualität gemäss den Anforderungen nationaler und/oder internationaler Trinkwasserverordnungen entsprechen, da dieses Wasser u. U. ebenfalls in den menschlichen Körper gelangen kann.
  • - Wasser zur Luftbefeuchtung in Klimaanlagen muss keimfrei, frei von Fungien und zur Vermeidung von Ablagerungen möglichst entsalzen sein.
  • - Wasser für WC-Spülungen sollte keimfrei und zur Vermeidung von Ablagerungen weitgehend entsalzen sein.
Especially in aircraft, but also on board water or land vehicles and in autonomous stationary facilities, water can e.g. B. win through the use of fuel cells or another suitable process. The water obtained from fuel cells or another process must have different water qualities for use in toilet flushing, as drinking water, shower water, wash water and for air humidification in air conditioning systems:
  • - Drinking water must be suitable for human consumption and must meet the requirements of national and international drinking water regulations.
  • - Shower water and wash water must also meet drinking water quality in accordance with the requirements of national and / or international drinking water regulations, since this water u. U. can also get into the human body.
  • - Water for air humidification in air conditioning systems must be free of germs, free of fungi and, if possible, desalinated to avoid deposits.
  • - Water for toilet flushing should be sterile and largely desalinated to avoid deposits.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit dem unterschiedliche Wasserqualitäten unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen an verschiedenen Stellen eines Aufbereitungsprozesses abgeleitet werden können. The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned with the different water qualities under certain conditions at different places of a processing process can be derived.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Wasseraufbereitung und Verteilung von bordgeneriertem Wasser in Luft-, Land- und/oder Wasserfahrzeugen, vorzugsweise auch in autonomen stationären Einrichtungen, wird die Aufgabe unter Verwendung eines kombinierten Prozesses aus Nochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle und Turbine im Temperaturbereich > 500°C, mit einem direkt in die Brennstoffzelle integrierten und mit der Brennstoffzellen-Prozesswärme betriebenen Reformerprozess zur Verwendung von Kohlenwasserstoffen als Brennstoff sowie einer Zudosierung von Grau- und/oder Frischwasser und einem mit der Prozesswärme der Brennstoffzelle betriebenen Wasserpurifikationsprozesses sowie einer Wasserverteilung und einer selbstregulierenden Wasseraufsalzungseinheit gelöst. In the inventive method for water treatment and distribution of on-board generated Water in air, land and / or water vehicles, preferably also in autonomous stationary ones Facilities, the task is set out using a combined process Still-temperature fuel cell and turbine in the temperature range> 500 ° C, with one directly in the Fuel cell integrated and operated with the fuel cell process heat reformer process Use of hydrocarbons as fuel and an addition of gray and / or Fresh water and one operated with the process heat of the fuel cell Water purification process as well as a water distribution and a self-regulating water salting unit solved.

Erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 29 beschrieben. Embodiments of the method according to the invention are in subclaims 2 to 29 described.

Das Verfahren beruht auf einem mehrstufigen Wasserherstellungs- und Nachbereitungsprozess mit Wassererzeugung, Wasseraufbereitung, Wasserverteilung und Wasseraufsalzung. Eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens besteht im wesentlichen aus folgenden Komponenten:

  • - Wasserherstellung
    Bei einem Wasserherstellungsprozess unter Verwendung von Brennstoffzellen, ist eine absolut keimfreie Wasserqualität dadurch garantiert ist, dass in den Brenngasen und somit auch im Endprodukt verfahrensbedingt keinerlei Keime enthalten sind. Hierfür wird erfindungsgemäß eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle eingesetzt.
  • - Purifikation
    Prozess zur Aussonderung von unerwünschten Inhaltsstoffen aus dem Wasser. Hierzu wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verdampferprozess und ein nachgeschalteter Aktivkohle-Filtrationsprozess eingesetzt. Der Verdampferprozess wird mit der Abwärme der Hochtemperatur- Brennstoffzelle betrieben. Die Aktivkohlefilter werden wechselseitig über die Abwärme der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle regeneriert.
  • - Wasserverteilung
    Das nach dem Purifikationsprozess zur Verfügung stehende Wasser wird in einem Behälter gepuffert und danach in die Systeme für die Luftbefeuchtung/Klimatisierung, WC-Spülung und Trinkwasser/Duschwasser/Waschwasser verteilt.
  • - Wasseraufsalzung
    Trinkwasser, Dusch- und Waschwasser werden über eine Zudosierungseinheit mit denen für den menschlichen Gebrauch benötigten Salzen aufbereitet. Ein nachgeschaltetes Meßverfahren, welches mit der Zudosierungseinheit rückgekoppelt ist, garantiert zu jedem Zeitpunkt einwandfreie Wasserqualität. Die Zudosierung von Salzen erfolgt automatisch und mengenabhängig.
The process is based on a multi-stage water production and postprocessing process with water production, water treatment, water distribution and water salting. An arrangement according to the invention for carrying out the method essentially consists of the following components:
  • - water production
    In a water production process using fuel cells, an absolutely germ-free water quality is guaranteed by the fact that no germs are contained in the fuel gases and thus also in the end product due to the process. According to the invention, a high-temperature fuel cell is used for this.
  • - Purification
    Process for eliminating unwanted ingredients from the water. According to the invention, an evaporator process and a downstream activated carbon filtration process are used for this purpose. The evaporator process is operated with the waste heat from the high-temperature fuel cell. The activated carbon filters are alternately regenerated using the waste heat from the high-temperature fuel cell.
  • - water distribution
    The water available after the purification process is buffered in a container and then distributed into the systems for air humidification / air conditioning, toilet flushing and drinking water / shower water / wash water.
  • - water salting
    Drinking water, shower and wash water are treated with the salts required for human use via a metering unit. A downstream measuring process, which is fed back to the metering unit, guarantees perfect water quality at all times. The addition of salts is automatic and depends on the quantity.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt, und zwar zeigt die einzige Figur eine Anordnung zur Wassergenerierung mittels Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen als Hilfsaggregat (APU). Bei dieser Anordnung ist die Abwärme der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle in einer oder mehreren Gasturbinen, ggfs. auch in Stirlingmotoren oder in anderen Wärme-Kraftmaschinen nutzbar. Auf diese Weise lässt sich direkt Druckluft erzeugen, welche entweder für die Druckluftbeaufschlagung und Klimatisierung einer Flugzeugkabine oder für den Triebwerksstart eines Flugzeuges zur Verfügung stehen kann. Zusätzlich können Hydraulikpumpen angeschlossen werden, welche die Notversorgung des Hydrauliksystems übernehmen. Hierzu muss für die Brennstoffzellen ein Notfall-Treibstoffvolumen bereit stehen, welches z. B. aus in Flaschen mitgeführtem Methan (Erdgas) bestehen kann. Die erforderlichen Redundanzen erhält man aus der Anzahl der eingesetzten Brennstoffzellensysteme. In the drawing is an embodiment of an arrangement for performing the illustrated method according to the invention, and that the single figure shows an arrangement for Water generation using high-temperature fuel cells as an auxiliary unit (APU). In this arrangement, the Waste heat from the high-temperature fuel cell in one or more gas turbines, possibly also in Stirling engines or usable in other heat engines. This way you can directly Generate compressed air, which is used either for pressurized air and air conditioning Aircraft cabin or for the engine start of an aircraft can be available. In addition, you can Hydraulic pumps are connected, which are the emergency supply of the hydraulic system take. For this purpose, an emergency fuel volume must be available for the fuel cells. B. can consist of bottled methane (natural gas). The redundancies required is obtained from the number of fuel cell systems used.

Die erforderlichen Aufbereitungsprozesse für das Grau- bzw. Schwarzwasser werden in dieser Anordnung über die Abwärme der Brennstoffzelle betrieben. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil findet sich in der weitgehenden Verwertung von dem in Schwarzwassermengen enthaltenen Wasseranteil und der zusätzlich damit verbundenen Gewichtsreduzierung. Die generierte Wassermenge ist in variablen Mengenanteilen abrufbar und hoch genug für zusätzliche Anwendungen in der Klimaanlage (zum Zweck der Luftbefeuchtung) und in Duschen (für die Warm- und Kaltwasser-Bereitstellung). Der Hauptvorteil dieses Systems liegt in der deutlich höheren Effizienz der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle in Verbindung mit einem Gasturbinenprozess und der Unanfälligkeit gegenüber Kohlenmonoxid und Treibstoffqualitäten. The required treatment processes for the gray or black water are in this Arrangement operated over the waste heat of the fuel cell. An additional advantage can be found in the extensive utilization of the water content contained in black water and the additionally associated weight reduction. The amount of water generated is variable Quantities available and high enough for additional applications in air conditioning (for the purpose of Humidification) and in showers (for hot and cold water supply). The main advantage This system is connected to the significantly higher efficiency of the high-temperature fuel cell with a gas turbine process and insensitivity to carbon monoxide and Fuel qualities.

Claims (29)

1. Verfahren zur Wasseraufbereitung und Verteilung von bordgeneriertem Wasser in Luft-, Land- und/oder Wasserfahrzeugen, welches vorzugsweise auch in autonomen stationären Einrichtungen zur Anwendung kommen kann, unter Verwendung eines kombinierten Prozesses aus Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (1) und Turbine im Temperaturbereich > 500°C, mit einem direkt in die Brennstoffzelle integrierten und mit der Brennstoffzellen Prozesswärme betriebenen Reformerprozess (2) zur Verwendung von Kohlenwasserstoffen als Brennstoff sowie einer Zudosierung von Grau- und/oder Frischwasser (26) und einem mit der Prozesswärme der Brennstoffzelle betriebenen Wasserpurifikationsprozesses (14, 15) sowie einer Wasserverteilung (20, 21, 22) und einer selbstregulierenden Wasseraufsalzungseinheit (17). 1. A method for water treatment and distribution of on-board water in air, land and / or water vehicles, which can preferably also be used in autonomous stationary facilities, using a combined process of high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) and turbine in the temperature range> 500 ° C, with a reformer process ( 2 ) integrated directly into the fuel cell and operated with the fuel cell process heat for the use of hydrocarbons as fuel and a metering of gray and / or fresh water ( 26 ) and a water purification process operated with the process heat of the fuel cell ( 14 , 15 ) and a water distribution ( 20 , 21 , 22 ) and a self-regulating water salting unit ( 17 ). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Wassererzeugung eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (1) der Typen Oxidkeramik-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC) oder Schmelzkarbonat-Brennstoffzelle (MCFC) oder ein im Temperaturspektrum vergleichbarer Typ eingesetzt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) of the types oxide ceramic fuel cell (SOFC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a type comparable in temperature range is used for water production. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hochtemperatur- Brennstoffzelle (1) ein Kondensationsprozess (6, 7) des Abgases (5) nachgeschaltet wird, der Wasser aus den Abgasen der Brennstoffzelle auskondensiert. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) is followed by a condensation process ( 6 , 7 ) of the exhaust gas ( 5 ), which condenses water from the exhaust gases of the fuel cell. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Stufe des Kondensationsprozesses aus einer Turbine mit einer oder mehreren Turbinenstufen (6) bzw. aus einer oder mehreren voneinander getrennten Turbinen mit beliebiger Anzahl von Turbinenstufen besteht. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one stage of the condensation process consists of a turbine with one or more turbine stages ( 6 ) or one or more separate turbines with any number of turbine stages. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Stufe des Kondensationsprozesses mit einem einer Turbine nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher (7) ausgeführt wird. 5. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one stage of the condensation process is carried out with a heat exchanger ( 7 ) connected downstream of a turbine. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kühlmedium (27, 28) des Wärmetauschers (7) einer der beiden in der Brennstoffzelle verwendeten Brennstoffe (z. B. Luft 4) verwendet wird. 6. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that one of the two fuels used in the fuel cell (z. B. air 4 ) is used as the cooling medium ( 27 , 28 ) of the heat exchanger ( 7 ). 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der beiden in der Brennstoffzelle (1) verwendeten Brennstoffe (3, 4) (z. B. Luft), durch die Prozesswärme der Brennstoffzelle vorgewärmt wird und/oder flüssig zugeführte Treibstoffanteile verdampft werden. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the two fuels ( 3 , 4 ) used in the fuel cell ( 1 ) (z. B. air) is preheated by the process heat of the fuel cell and / or supplied in liquid form Fuel components are evaporated. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 7 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorwärmung der Brennstoffe in einem Brennstoffzellen-Kühler (11) erfolgt, der die Brennstoffzelle teilweise oder vollständig umschließt. 8. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 7, characterized in that the preheating of the fuels takes place in a fuel cell cooler ( 11 ) which partially or completely encloses the fuel cell. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der interne Reformerprozess (2) zur Brennstoffaufbereitung so ausgelegt ist, dass mit der Prozesswärme der Hochtemperatur Brennstoffzeile (1) atomarer bzw. molekularer Wasserstoff erzeugt wird, der einerseits in der Hochtemperatur Brennstoffzelle (1) selbst zur Energie- und Wassererzeugung verwendet wird und/oder teilweise abgeleitet wird und z. B. über einen Molekularfilter einem andersartigen Verbraucher (beispielsweise einer Membran Brennstoffzelle (PEMFC)) zugeführt wird. 9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the internal reformer process ( 2 ) is designed for fuel processing so that with the process heat of the high-temperature fuel line ( 1 ) atomic or molecular hydrogen is generated, on the one hand in the high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) is itself used for energy and water production and / or is partially derived and z. B. is fed via a molecular filter to a different type of consumer (for example a membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)). 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem internen Reformerprozess (2) statt Grauwasser (26) auch Frischwasser zugeführt wird, welches entweder extern zur Verfügung gestellt oder aus dem Brennstoffzellenkondensat entnommen wird. 10. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 9, characterized in that the internal reformer process ( 2 ) instead of gray water ( 26 ) and fresh water is supplied, which is either provided externally or taken from the fuel cell condensate. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Turbinenstufen mit einem Druckluftkompressor (8) gekoppelt werden. 11. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that one or more turbine stages are coupled to a compressed air compressor ( 8 ). 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 11 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckluftkompressor (8) auch mit einem Motor (9) betrieben wird. 12. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 11, characterized in that the compressed air compressor ( 8 ) is also operated with a motor ( 9 ). 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 12 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Motor (9) über eine Kupplung (10) mit dem Druckluftkompressor (8) verbunden wird. 13. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 12, characterized in that the motor ( 9 ) via a coupling ( 10 ) with the compressed air compressor ( 8 ) is connected. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff (3) ebenfalls mit Druck beaufschlagt wird. 14. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel ( 3 ) is also pressurized. 15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das beim Kondensationsprozess (6, 7) anfallende CO2 (13) separat aufgefangen wird. 15. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the resulting during the condensation process ( 6 , 7 ) CO 2 ( 13 ) is collected separately. 16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Wasserpurifikation ein Verdampfer/Kondensatorprozess (14) eingesetzt wird. 16. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that an evaporator / condenser process ( 14 ) is used for water purification. 17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Verdampfer/Kondensatorprozess eine Aktivkohlefiltration (15) nachgeschaltet und/oder zwischengeschaltet wird. 17. The method according to claim 1, 3 or 16, characterized in that the evaporator / condenser process is followed by an activated carbon filtration ( 15 ) and / or interposed. 18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Verdampferprozess der Purifikation (14) die Abwärme (29, 30) der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (1) genutzt wird. 18. The method according to claim 1, 3 or 16, characterized in that the waste heat ( 29 , 30 ) of the high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) is used for the evaporator process of purification ( 14 ). 19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Kondensationsprozess der Purifikation als Kühlmedium (27, 28) einer der beiden in der Brennstoffzelle verwendeten Brennstoffe (z. B. Luft (4)) verwendet wird. 19. The method according to claim 1, 3 or 16, characterized in that one of the two fuels used in the fuel cell (z. B. air ( 4 )) is used for the condensation process of purification as a cooling medium ( 27 , 28 ). 20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Regenerierung der- Aktivkohle Filter die Abwärme (29, 30) der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (1) genutzt wird. 20. The method according to claim 1 or 17, characterized in that the waste heat ( 29 , 30 ) of the high-temperature fuel cell ( 1 ) is used to regenerate the activated carbon filter. 21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wasser nach dem Purifiktionsprozess keimfrei, fungienfrei und frei von Salzen ist. 21. The method according to claim 1, 16 or 17, characterized in that the water after the purification process is germ-free, fungi-free and free of salts. 22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 16, 17 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses Wasser in einem Puffertank (16) zwischengespeichert wird. 22. The method according to claim 1, 16, 17 or 21, characterized in that this water is temporarily stored in a buffer tank ( 16 ). 23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses Wasser in die Systeme für Luftbefeuchtung/Klimatisierung (20), WC-Spülung (22) und Trinkwasser/Duschwasser/Waschwasser (17, 18, 19, 21) verteilt wird. 23. The method according to claim 1 or 21, characterized in that this water is distributed into the systems for air humidification / air conditioning ( 20 ), toilet flushing ( 22 ) and drinking water / shower water / wash water ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 ). 24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Trinkwasser-, Duschwasser- und Waschwassererzeugung dieses Wasser mit denen für den menschlichen Verzehr notwendigen Salzanteilen angereichert wird (17). 24. The method according to claim 1 or 23, characterized in that for the production of drinking water, shower water and wash water this water is enriched with the salt portions necessary for human consumption ( 17 ). 25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 23 oder 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Aufsalzungsprozess (17) eine Messvorrichtung (18) zur Ermittlung der Wasserqualität nachgeschaltet wird. 25. The method according to claim 1, 23 or 24, characterized in that the salting-up process ( 17 ) is followed by a measuring device ( 18 ) for determining the water quality. 26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Salzgehalt des Wassers über die Leitfähigkeit des Wassers ermittelt wird (18). 26. The method according to claim 1 or 25, characterized in that the salt content of the water is determined via the conductivity of the water ( 18 ). 27. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 24 oder 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messvorrichtung (18) mit dem Aufsalzungsprozess (17) rückgekoppelt (19) ist. 27. The method according to claim 1, 24 or 25, characterized in that the measuring device ( 18 ) with the salting-up process ( 17 ) is fed back ( 19 ). 28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aufsalzungsprozess (17) über die Rückkopplung (18, 19) mengenabhängig und automatisiert wird. 28. The method according to claim 1 or 27, characterized in that the salting process ( 17 ) via the feedback ( 18 , 19 ) is quantity-dependent and automated. 29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 24 oder 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem Wasser nach dem Aufsalzungsprozess die Anforderungen an Trinkwasser gemäß den nationalen und/oder internationalen Trinkwasserverordnungen erfüllt werden. 29. The method according to claim 1, 24 or 28, characterized in that in the water after the salting process the requirements for drinking water according to the national and / or international drinking water regulations are met.
DE10216709A 2001-10-11 2002-04-16 Process for the treatment and distribution of airborne water in air, land and / or water vehicles Expired - Fee Related DE10216709B4 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10216709A DE10216709B4 (en) 2001-10-11 2002-04-16 Process for the treatment and distribution of airborne water in air, land and / or water vehicles
EP03008231A EP1354856B1 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-09 Process for the recovery and distribution of water generated on board an aircraft, land based vehicle and/or watercraft
ES03008231T ES2251642T3 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-09 PROCEDURE FOR WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER GENERATED ON BOARD IN AIRCRAFT, TERRESTRIAL AND / OR AQUATIC VEHICLES.
DE50301523T DE50301523D1 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-09 Process for the treatment of water and the distribution of ship-generated water in air, land and / or water vehicles
AT03008231T ATE308485T1 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-09 METHOD FOR WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF BOARD-GENERATED WATER IN AIRCRAFT, LAND AND/OR WATERCRAFT
JP2003110379A JP4934265B2 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-15 Water treatment and distribution of water generated in aircraft, land vehicles, ships or self-supporting stationary devices
US10/417,894 US7036314B2 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-04-16 Method for treating and distributing water generated in a self-contained water using unit

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DE10150261.3 2001-10-11
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