DE2935696A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING REAR-CONCRETE CONCRETE PLATES WITH VERTICAL THROUGH HOLES, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD - Google Patents

Description

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Applicant: I ₀ GE ₀ CO ₀ PONTELLO PIiEFABBRICATI S _e P _e A. _s YEZZANO LIGURE (La Spezia), Italy '

"Process for the production of spaced-apart vertical through-bores made of reinforced concrete building panels, and equipment for carrying out this process"

RESTRICT EIBUNG

The present invention relates to a Vex ° = drive for the production of continuous vertical blocked arranged holes with parallel axes upwards send construction panels made of reinforced concrete, and to a device for carrying out this method _o

In the case of Baiikoastruktionen, building boards or prefabricated wall parts made of reinforced concrete are becoming more and more common

030013/0699

• 2335696

used, the height of which is equal to the height of one floor of the building, and which go through the entire height de have parallel and locked holes, which not only ~ with obvious advantages in Handling and conveying - the weight of each building site ten significantly, but partly as formwork mounts for pouring the concrete on the spot or to "take up pipelines and the like" are used.

There is interest in making the cross-section of the holes or cavities as large as possible and the Press the thickness of the concrete layer down to the minimum that is necessary to enable the building panels to be handled.

The manufacture of building panels of this type which have a monolithic structure poses numerous problems due to the need to have a considerable number of through holes or cavities in the concrete casting to provide, which require the presence of as many cores in the formwork, raiteiner resulting therefrom extensive contact area between the concrete and the walls of the formwork and the cores: that Demolding the cast building panels is therefore problematic and delicate and brings the risk of collapse of the part when pulling the cores out of the casting. The problem continues to complicate insofar as for reasons of economy and the Speed of work is desirable all

050013/0690

To pull out the cores inserted into the cast at the same time, keep in mind that the Baixplat th can have a height of 3 meters and more and a ring of up to 6 meters if there are up to 30 holes going through the entire height , you will easily be stored by the difficulties account to be about _w inden ,, if such a building board should be made of reinforced concrete

An attempt has been made "to arrange the cast horizontally Make formwork; however, this Metiio de did not produce satisfactory results, partly because thus only one of the two main surfaces of the building platform can be obtained smoothly formed »Furthermore · this method requires the use of extremely complicated, sper Other and more expensive facilities and does not permit demolding with certainty without the risk of damage. production of the product. After all, it is possible with it to produce only building boards with round through-holes.

The aim of the present invention is therefore, a simple one and to propose a safe method by which it is possible to make monolithic building panels from reinforced Produce concrete that has a number of parallel vertical holes and the minimum transverse required for handling cut to own concrete.

In order to achieve this goal, the route was chosen to manufacture these building panels with vertical casting; it was found that this is only possible if certain

INAL SUSPECTED

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Conditions are met in the sense of the desired Result were found to be critical.

First and foremost, the composition of the concrete mixes to be used for vertical casting has proven to be decisive. In particular, it was found that the mixtures to be used in the process of Vettilcalgiessens for the production of these perforated building boards must meet the requirement of high flowability and the requirement of a high compressive strength at the same time; these requirements contradict each other and with the expediency to use light surcharges if the weight of the building panels is to be reduced as much as possible.

Another critical condition concerns the setting time the concrete mix, which on the one hand should be such that the completion of the casting in the required Time is made possible without the setting has started and that on the other hand is made possible in to achieve the required strength of the product for it to be demolded and handled in a reasonably short time can be.

The setting time of the mixture is then very bad. table moment when you have to step vertically in order to pull out the cores inserted in the cast; The manner in which this extraction of the star is carried out are also decisive.

030013/0691

The method according to the invention for the production of barred arranged through vertical holes having building panels made of coveted concrete comprises the following operations: parallel and spaced cores are arranged in a vertical formwork, each of which has a square or hole corresponding to the cross section of the respective through hole to be achieved in the building panel has a rectangular cross-section; in the spaces between the. For the walls of the formwork and the cores, iron reinforcement is provided | a liquid Betors.-Mischiing is poured from above into the said interspaces; the compaction of the mixture is achieved by vibration; after one first. Setting time

the erne are pulled vertically out of the casting and after a further setting time of the - ^ etonmischurig the building board is deforait. In particular, this method being characterized in that a Betonmischimg is used, the cm yields and at the cone attempt a reduction of the cone van about 20 16 to 18 hours or "28 days after casting, a compressive strength of about · hO kg / cm respectively, of at least 250 kg / cm "and that after a setting time Ton -g- hour to 4 hours from the end of the casting to pull out the cores, which have a tapering cross-section in the direction of the end opposite the pull-out end, by simultaneously pulling out in the vertical direction at a maximum speed of at least 5 m, the initial section 25 cm / min, while the building board is subsequently removed from the mold within 18 hours from the end of the casting.

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In order to meet the above-mentioned requirements of high flowability and high strength at the same time, the concrete mix can conveniently using Per se known liquefiers, which make it possible to reduce the ratio of water: cement while maintaining the required fluidity of the mixture.

Furthermore, the concrete mix advantageously has one "e stop at conventional accelerators that are suitable do not start setting immediately, but after the time required to complete the cast and which are suitable to give the mixture the necessary strength (about 40 kg / cm) for demoulding and for transport within 16 to 18 hours from the completion of the casting.

Appropriate choice of additions to the mixture is permitted also the specific weight of the building board vary and thereby defy ^^ lom the aforementioned requirements to be sufficient in terms of fluidity (flowability) and strength.

For example, two compositions of . Given concrete mixes that have given excellent results when used in the process according to the invention.

Composition 1 :

Light concrete with density y = l600 kg / m with expanded clay: (expanded clay) _

Cement type hz $ 450 kg / m; *

Sand 0 to 3 mm 380 kg / nC

expanded clay 1 to 3 mm 220 lg / m ^

expanded clay 3 to 8 mm 350 kg / m ³

Water 250 liters / m ³

Accelerator ς variable proportions per time weight Condenser *;

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Composition 2:

Light concrete with density y = 2000 kg / m

with dissolved aggregate of volcanic origin Type lava stones: * '

Cement type 425

Sand 0 to 3 mm 700 kg / nC

Add lavast. 700 kg / m ;:

Water 220 kg / ni ^J

Accelerator \ variable proportions per cement weight Liquefier S * ^ö

The 'choice of the moment in which the simultaneous pull out the core is to be made from the cast and Art and way of pulling out "play ... with the eT * according to the invention Procedures play a major role.

While premature pulling out due to cLex adhesive tension between the cores in the movement phase and the concrete surface can cause the product to collapse, if pulling out is delayed beyond a certain time limit, there is the risk of the cores being anchored in the casting and no longer being pulled out have lcoinien® Equally important is the speed of the Herauszieliens _f is the must not exceed the -Höchstwert specified, at least in the first portion until the nuclei of the walls of the set up in the casting holes lifted "It should be noted that the cores advantageously made of sheet metal pipes consist of a square or rectangular cross-section, which tapers slightly towards the end that is opposite the pull-out end »

With a height of each pipe of about 3 meters, is the difference in length between a sixth «of the larger one Cross-section and one side of the smaller cross-section for example 1 cm.

ORi INSPECTED

030013/0689

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The cores are advantageously made with a formwork oil splattered, which makes it easier to lift off the concrete.

All cores pertaining to a building board are through one Connecting beams firmly connected to one another in such a way that they can be inserted into the formwork and removed from it could take place on both sides, "

For a rational production of perforated building boards with the method according to the invention, it is expedient to use a device consisting of a vertical battery, which comprises a plurality of compartments lined up in a desired number of couplable, each compartment being a monolithic row of parallel and uniformly spaced apart in the direction of the end opposite the pull-out end is associated with slightly tapering cores, the floors of the said compartments being formed by height-adjustable perforated metal sheets, in the holes or bores of which the lower ends of the cores are intended to sealingly penetrate, with the planks the battery above \ ^r ibratoren are mounted and are provided at their head ends, means for vertically adjusting which are suitable to act on the connecting bar of the cores "

An exemplary embodiment of the inventive Apparatus is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which to represent the vertical battery as follows:

030Ö13 / Ö69S

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Figure 1 is a cross-section along the cutting line I-I of Figure 2j

Figure 2 , is a longitudinal section along the section line JI-II of Figures 15 and

Figure 3 is a horizontal section along the cutting line III-III of Figure 2 «,

The device shown in the drawings comprises a supporting structure 1 with tracks 2 for a scaffolding trolley 3 ? which is provided with a disc 4 with lifting hook _o

The scaffolding trolley with its lifting hook is how no cn is to be explained in more detail _? intended to insert tubular cores into a formwork, which are suitable for producing ₅ vertical through bores or holes in the cast

The formwork is ei.ne as a whole with 5 designated vertical battery of aligned of a number and couplable compartments ordered There are provided a stationary longitudinal closing wall 6 _S a movable longitudinal sealing wall 7 ¹ ^ d movable longitudinal partition walls 8. The wall 6 is provided with a fixed structure 9 rigidly connected and the ¥ and 7 is firmly connected to a movable structure 10; which is carried by carriage 11 sliding on sliding guides 12, the partitions 8 are in turn movable by means of ¥ agen 13 _s which are suitable ₃ on the same guides 12 zn run in such a way that the width of the compartments can be changed. This latter car 13 also carry support profiles l4 for adjustable spacers 15> on which perforated sheet metal bottom pieces

rest on the height-variable floor of each Form a compartment of the battery.

The side of the abbey is closed off by suitesv / aiic'e 17-

closed, the known by: not shown Systems are removable and lockable.

The longitudinal edges 6, 7 and 8 are one below the other and in Relation to the fixed structure 9 can be locked by a system that is also known and not shown »

In each compartment of the battery is a number of tubular ones cores 18 to be used, each row consisting of one the number of cores corresponding to the number of holes in the bottom pieces and the cores of each row supported by an upper beam 19. It is therefore possible, with the aid of the scaffolding trolley 3 and its lifting hook to bring a series of tubular cores 18 over a compartment of the battery to bring the cores into said compartment infeeds

Like that. Figures 1 and 2 can be clearly seen r.st sii, the lower ends of the tubular cores 18 are tapered and thus can be sealed in the holes of the bottom pieces plug "It follows achieved accurate centering • the number of nuclei in the Batterieabreil _e

It should also be noted that each tubular core 18 has a cross-section that is, for example, square as shown in the drawing, or rectangular, and which tapers slightly and uniformly from the upper end to the lower end,;

0 * 0013/081

-AS-

The beams 19 carrying the row of Xerne 18 have one such a length that their ends laterally, over the side walls 17 protrude when the cores are in. The compartments of the battery are brought.

This allows disposed at the head ends of the battery and inittels suitable means, for example by hydraulic ^ ebebocke 21 liftable bar 2O ₅ simultaneously lift all the cores 18 bearing beams 19, ran the same pull out of the concrete casting. Finally is noted that the _s., · Battery, for example, in the upper part of the planks of the battery itself -versehen mounted vibrators, the cast for Rüttelstampfen. Concrete.

Each compartment of the battery can have its own dedicated space Separating pieces whose cross-section is a little larger as the cross-section of the nuclei, in the transverse sense it can be divided into several chambers «In this way it is possible in Create more than one building board in the same compartment. These (not shown ^ / separators are in the desired Position in the compartment arranged around one of the cores in the row, which is in the relevant compartment inserts.

It should also be noted that the side walls 17 are hollowed out at the top are (see J? igur 1), open the ends of the connecting beams 19 which carry the cores 18. To this Otherwise, an upper valley is created on the building board, which allows a reinforced curb to be cast.

In the battery described so far, the cores

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2935698

Introduced into the various compartments from above and after the expedient time of the partial setting, the Cores pulled out upwards.

Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate this arrangement can be reversed such that the vertical battery is placed at the top and the kernels are introduced from below. In this case, it is pulled out downwards and can be done by free fall. This design of the device can reduce the risk of damage to the building board in the course of the simultaneous pulling out of the cores decrease even more and allows building panels with even smoother Preserve exterior walls.

In this latter case it is evident that the cores must be tapered upwards, while the connecting bars of the various ranks of cores are arranged below and, furthermore, they will all be connected to one another by a monolithic structure, which is why also in the course of the process of inserting the none into the compartments of the battery, all cores are moved at the same time by suitable lifting equipment.

The upper connecting bars of the first embodiment The facility will in this second case be separate from the cores and serve exclusively to be in the building panels creating upper throats. These upper bars are therefore separated into the specially provided recordings of the. Silkx " Compartments are introduced.

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2935698

Finally, it should be noted that these upper beams can have suitable centering cavities for the individual cores, which for this purpose can end at the top with a point of suitable conical shape.

From the foregoing description, the numerous technical advantages associated with the method and achieved with the device according to the verrld-egend invention will; these advantages are mainly, that it succeeded for the first time, rationally and with the for mass industrial production indispensable security to produce large, abundantly perforated building panels »whose wall thickness is limited to the Slightly wet is lowered, which is required to to ensure their integrity during transport,

¥ enngleich Ausführungsforinen preferred of the invention have been shown and described _s is understood that variations and modifications are permissible because ₉ without breaking the scope of the invention "

ORIGINAL 030013/0699 "■

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Claims (2)

Register I _{0 GE.CO 0} PONTELLQ PIUDPABBHICATI S „Ρ.Α., VEZZANO LIGURE (La Spezia), Italy •• A method for the production of spaced-apart vertical through-bores building panels made of reinforced concrete, and equipment for implementation this procedure " PATEMTAMS PRUgHE f2.J method sur preparation of blocked angeordn ^ te vertical continuous Löciisr AIIF ^ re end is B th of bewshrtes Βοϋοκι for 3ankonstriaki; ionsxi ₀ that there are 3 foigsndea Aroeitsgäsige sums up? 2.η 7935696 and spaced cores arranged, each one having a cross section of the respective one in the building panel achieved through hole corresponding qua has a dratic or rectangular cross-section; in the spaces between the walls of the formwork and the core is provided with iron reinforcement; a flüjs flows from above into the said spaces poured salty concrete mix; the mixture is compacted by vibration; after a first Setting time, the cores are pulled vertically out of the casting and after a further setting time the building board is demolded from the concrete mix, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a concrete mixture is used, which in the cone test results in a lowering of the cone by about 20 cm and 16 to 18 hours or 28 days after casting a compressive strength of about hO kg / cm or, of at least 250 kg / cm _o 3 «Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that a concrete mixture is used, the concrete liquefier and / or contains accelerators. 4, method according to claim 1, characterized in, that for simultaneous vertical pulling out of the Ker to the ne, which have a cross-section tapering in the direction of the end opposite the pull-out end, after a setting time of γ to h hours from the end of the casting, stepping is Eii ~ i; a maximum speed "of at least in the initial section 25 cm / min; 830013/0601 i 5 C and that the building board is demolded within 16 to 18 hours from the end of the casting ₀ 5 «, facility for carrying out the procedure according to ι ¹ P fei The Yorliorgslioaden claims _t dadui-ch characterized in that it consists of a vertical battery, which comprises a number of lined up and in a variable number of interconnectable compartments, each compartment a snonolitic series of parallel spaced apart and opposite to the pulling direction Direction is ordered slightly tapered cores, the floors of said compartments are formed by height-adjustable perforated sheets, in the holes of which the lower ends of the cores are intended to penetrate sealingly., On the planks of the Bat terie vibrators are attached above and on their Head end means for vertical adjustment are provided, which are suitable for being turned onto connecting beams of the cores » 6 «device according to claim 5, characterized in that that the battery through longitudinal locking walls, at least one of which is movable, and through longitudinal partition walls, which can also be moved, are formed, as well as by removable side edges, whereby Locking means are provided, mn the different "Locking walls together. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the side edges have receptacles at the top that are suitable are to include upper beams. 80 device according to claim. 5 »marked by this net that the vertical battery is arranged at the bottom and that ranks of parallel cores connected by upper connecting bars from obon to the Compartments of the battery can be introduced. 9o device according to claim 5j characterized that the vertical battery is placed on top and that ranks from each other through lower connecting bars connected cores from below into the compartments of the · Bajb tery can be introduced, the connecting bars of the cores of the different ranks also passing through one another Transverse components are connected » «0013 / om- i _Nspec .