DE2934847A1 - Solar water heating system - uses several stages incorporating dark absorber tubes and plastic lenses in adjustable units - Google Patents

Abstract

The system uses solar energy to heat washing water either directly or via a frost-proof liquid flowing in a closed cycle. Heating is in several stages, the heated water being collected in separate insulated vessels after each, the vessels being connected by pipes and circulation controlled by valves actuated by temperature detectors. In the first stage uninsulated hoses or pipes absorb the heat from short-term and otherwise unutilised sources, while the second one uses solar heat direct, with hoses or pipes having external transparent walls and internal dark-coloured tubes through which water or fluid is pumped, and held centrally by distance pieces. The third stage comprises plastic transparent lenses with dark absorber tubes (10) on the focal lines, the tubes having metallic absorber surfaces. Each fixed or pivoting multiple-lens unit is a fully-closed body with insulating side faces (5) mounted on a semicircular bracket (7) adjustable to suit the season and ray direction. The first and last ones struck by the sunrays turn on the bracket. The degree of heating is adjusted by the flow rate of the water or fluid.

Description

Claims. Systems for the use of solar energy.

Systems are already known and in most cases one Need heat pump to get the desired heat. Orientable elements are usually very large and therefore endangered by underwater animals. To avoid these disadvantages will be following. Measures and constructions planned for the systems: The systems are characterized in that the heating takes place in several stages and that Heated fresh or service water in several, well insulated, separated according to the degree of warmth Keeping is held a. The tanks are connected to one another by pipes. In the first stage, unisolated absorber hoses or pipes absorb the heat from otherwise unused and sometimes short-lived heat sources. The second stage takes advantage the solar heat through absorber tubes or absorber hoses (1 + 2) These hoses oaer pipes consist of the outer hose made of durable, clear plastic, an inner black or dark colored hose or pipe through which the the water to be heated or the frost-proof liquid is pumped. The inner one Hose or the inner tube is placed inside the outer hose by means of a spacer holder kept centrally.

A simplified absorbent tube (2) consists of translucent Hose in which loose or bonded dark colored, corrosion-resistant fittings which absorb the sun's heat and release it to the liquid, which is also still in the absorber hose. By plastic or from Brackets or connecting pieces made from other material can be used for the absorber hoses or pipes connected to mats and on roofs, footpaths, canopies and in gardens and other places above passage height. Also simple dark or black plastic hoses can take on this task. The third stage consists of a lens-like shape at right angles to the lens cross-section elongated clear glass or durable, crystal-clear plastic parts (3) or equally elongated paraflole-like shaped mirrors (4) which uas sunlight focus on a focal line. That is in the focal line black absorber tube (lo) with absorber surfaces made of metal or heat-resistant Plastic. Further insulation by means of clear glass panels or molded glass parts especially isolate this focal point.

Each individually rotating or fixed lens or parttbol mirror unit (Ó) must be closed on all sides with insulated side surfaces.

The absorber units are placed on a semicircular mounting bracket (7) partially rotatable and partially rigidly attached. The bracket with the absorber units can be adjusted according to the season and thus the path of the sun o In the retaining bracket, So the focal point is the absorber tube (10) with the fluid to be heated.

The outer absorber units, (12) on which the first and last economically usable; l Sun rays fall, can be rotated in the focal point of the bracket, which is open to the light on one side, and are stored once a day aligned with the SonnenlauSbzhn.

(11). An imaginary diameter line of the retaining bracket with the Abßorsereinheiten should be oriented east - west. The imaginary diameter (8) or a line parallel to it is also the axis of rotation of the retaining dome, which is also used daily is set. A thought plane through the middle of the absorber units and through the diameter line should, if correctly aligned, through the highest point lead the solar trajectory (11). Rough retaining brackets are provided in the for reinforcement Diameter line or a tie rod parallel to it (8).

An improvement in concentration can be achieved at this stage are made by absorber elements with correct lenses and correct parabolic mirrors, The absorber pipes are to be reduced in diameter, as are the absorber surfaces. The flow rate of the liquid is according to the desired heating to regulate.

As an alternative or in addition, Dei can use all correct lens and parabolic mirror units the transmission of the highly concentrated sunlight through fiber optic cables other locations. To do this an even greater concentration Concentrations of light carried out several times in succession are obtained each reduced-size absorber units equipped with lenses are provided.

Larger systems for roofing garden houses (10) and others Buildings get an elastic connection and other fittings between the individual absorber elements una an upper and lower (21) waterproof, isolierenae , clear glass or crystal clear plastic cover. An isolation of the individual Aosortereinneiten is not absolutely necessary. The fulcrum in the large semicircular , arched upwards, retaining brackets can be moved upwards can also be divided into an adjustable upper part and a fixed lower part be subdivided. A daily orientation towards the sun is with the outer ones Absorbent units (12) required, as these are never caused by alignment of the retaining bracket not to be automatically straightened out for the orange and autumn sun.

For the third or fourth stage it is possible to replace or to use a similar construction in addition. There will be the parabolic egg, rotatable and continuously alignable mounting brackets related to the position of the sun (14). The axis of rotation of this bracket shows north - south. s every retaining bracket and that all aligned evenly to the position of the sun through programmed movement (17) Instead of the aosor elicits, subdivided ones adapted to the ParaDol form are cast Mirror related (15). They are rigidly connected to the mounting bracket and reflect the rays of the sun on an insulated absorber pipe in the focal point Aosoroeri 'planes (1o). gravel Absoroerronr rrit aer insulation is through joint and stage connections coupled with the retaining bracket and nei aen Alignment movements taken. Due to parallel shifting, it always remains in the Focus. The parabolic headband is also used individually or in groups according to the respective sun path with the help of articulated joints and rods (19) or by other means once a day. Another level of concentration of the sunlight occurs several times in a row, in the respective focal point arranged and equipped with lenses absorber units, uie in their dimensions be reduced accordingly with each new level. This continued focus is repeated until the desired concentration is reached and through Fiber optic cable can be taken over and forwarded. This construction can since it does not contain any liquid, even temporarily in gardens or other areas Places can be set up in addition during winter. Usage can be through Cooking and heating panels, storage heating, lighting and so on. Serve The mirrors attached to the retaining brackets are insulated by a lamp attached to the light clear glass or plastic coating and another good side and floor insulation is intended as a light frost protection.

A warm air blower, which allows warm, dry air through each isolLertea Space between mirror and insulation blows, prevents egg .. fogging and freezing even in severe frost. Insulating and protective elements, over the mirror aozurollenae Plastic mats to be fastened are also provided.

Karlheiaz Scemols. Systems for the use of dairy farmers' energy.

besenreibung .: The invention relates to systems for heat recovery from Solar energy and simultaneous use of other, sometimes short-lived, heat sources. These are: collected warm wastewater, warm chimney exhaust gases, exhaust gases from stationary Combustion engines, milk cooling systems, ventilation systems for agricultural farms, Air warmed by the sun's heat swell under roofs and other heat. The system is intended to achieve a high level of economic efficiency and through concentration the sun's rays have a high water temperature. Nevertheless, the individual elements remain small and can be controlled and regulated with simple means. For monitoring and The individual heating circuits are controlled by controllable valves and temperature sensors and other aids applied. also circulation pumps and nothing programmed Alignment mechanism to achieve an alignment for the best incidence of light for the lenses and Parabolic shaped absorber units according to the respective position of the sun and the Season to ensure. Heat pumps can also be used.

The plant for heat generation consists of several stages in their Size is to be put together according to the respective needs. The first stage causes a slight warming of the water or a frost-proof liquid through contact with the heat source by means of heat absorber hoses or pipes made of plastic or corrosion-resistant metals, and first by the for the most unstable heat source in each case. The one absorbed here Heat is passed on to the next higher temperature heat source or to Thermally divided and mutually insulated insulating vessel for consumption or stored for further heating. Good insulation is essential for these systems take care and avoid any loss of heat.

The second stage takes place through heat-absorbing hoses or pipes 1 and 2, which are directly exposed to the sun's rays.

They consist of the outer insulating tube made of translucent Plastic and an inner black or dark hose or pipe made of metail, through which the liquid to be heated is pumped. The inner tube otier the inner tube becomes central within the outer tube by means of spacers held. The air-filled space creates additional insulation. A drainage facility must be created for the condensation water that arises. Fig.1.

A simplified heat absorber hose consists of a light-permeable hose Plastic tube 2 in which dark-colored, corrosion-resistant fittings are chain-like connected or loosely drawn in, which absorb the heat of the sun and to the Release liquid that is also still in the absorber hose. In warmer Areas can also be used as a simplification + ng a dark or black plastic tube ouer tube to be used.

A warming of the fresh water is provided in case of freezing does not hurt. In all other cases, a frost-proof liquid is in the closed It is preferable to circulate the absorbed heat inside an insulated container releases into the fresh water. The heat absorbing hoses or pipes are sufficient Length to be interpreted. For example, held together as mats on roofs, footpaths, Concreted in open at the top in driveways, terrace roofs can be set up Set up elements above passage height in gardens or other places. It is a simple warming up to shower or bath temperature when the sunlight is favorable to be obtained. The third stage consists of further warming with the help of lens-like shaped glass or crystal clear plastic parts 3 uie in the right Angle are lengthened to their lens-like cross-section or are also lengthened parabolic shaped mirrors 4, the incident sunlight on a focal line bundle up. The already heated fresh water is in pipes with aosor surfaces in brought this focal line and further heated.

ver focal point and thus the liquid to be heated can through one clear glass pane or Giasfori pieces additionally against heat loss to be isolated. Each lens or parabolic mirror unit is an absorber unit with isolated side surfaces 5. Isolation by multiple panes of glass is on to provide the surfaces that face each other during assembly. Alternatively is to apply elastic insulation between the adjacent absorber units so that the alignment movement is not hindered. The assembly of the einaei: ie Absorber units 6, which can be rotated relative to one another, take place on the halo circuit retaining bracket. 7th

This gives the basic strength and shape and is itself an imaginary one DurchwesEerlinie 8 rotatably mounted. Or if you need a line that is parallel to the diameter line on the half-circle bracket. 9.

The rotatable mounting is required for alignment the position of the sun at noon. There are usually several holding brackets to be arranged side by side and aligned together and evenly. In the half-length retaining bracket is the absorber pipe with the liquid 10 to be heated. A thought Line, for example, the diameter line of the half-circle retaining bracket should be on this Construction should be aligned roughly east - west. (Line sunrise after sunset) An imaginary plane through the center of the absorber units and the diameter line Guide Boll through the apex of the SonnenlaufDahn 11. This setting is several times a week. Likewise an alignment of the outer absorber units of each bracket 12 so that these absorber units, the first and last Catching the sun's rays should bring an evaluable warming, right are aligned.

An improvement to this level consists in principle of the same Arrangement as already described in the third stage. There will be here, however correct. Lenses and parabolic mirrors are used to direct the sun's rays to one point focus. As a replacement for the third stage, there is an arrangement similar to this stage apply. However, there are parabolic curved, rotatable as already described but continuously to xonnenstand is used to align the bracket 14. In this case, the axis of rotation is oriented north-south. The sinu connected by rods and joints and are aligned together towards the sun. The absorber inserts are replaced by parabolic, subdivided mirrors 15 and rigidly attached to the retaining bracket. These mirrors reflect the sunlight on one or more, well insulated by clear glass, arranged vertically one below the other Absorber tubes 16 with absorber surfaces that are in the trena point line of this parabolic construction are located. The absorber tube part is held with rods and articulated connections and connected to the parabolic retaining bracket and remains with the alignment movements of the rotatable retaining bracket by longitudinal and parallel displacement in the drenapunkt. A or several retaining brackets, which are combined as a group, can be rotated at one end 18 stored and with the other end by articulation and rods 19 menr oaer less set inclined to the horizontal plane. The set inclination should be the most favorable Orientation to the orbit of the sun.

Another concentration of sunlight in the focal point of the parabolic Mirror construction is achieved by being in focus or in the focus line YX reduced absorber units can be installed as described in step three. There are lens-like shaped clear glass or plastic lenses used that Take into account the different angles of incidence of the reflected sunlight and bundle them on a line. These absorber units are one on both sides ADsoroerronreR arranged with absorber surfaces. You will be attached to an overhead straight support structure attached. This also remains with the rotating susrichtbewegungurlgen aes parauolförrrig bent bracket by hinge and stanchion connection such as already described in the ßrennpunkt. It can be a horizontal three-point line with a horizontal, catalytic absorber tube be provided or short, vertical focus lines that require short, vertical absorber tubes. It will to this end, absorber pipes are bent or assembled. The use of correct clear glass or plastic lenses in the absorber units is possible, and one further concentration by multiple in the course of the sunlight it one after the other attached ever smaller absorber units which are always in the focal point of the larger absorber unit it is possible to achieve the desired concentration to obtain. The resulting strong light can be transmitted through fiber optic cables to the Be brought to a place that has been selected for use only. For example to the hotplate, Hot plate, storage heater, water heater, lighting and so on. These Level can also be used and is especially useful during winter Can be set up in gardens because it is easy to clean and monitor there.

The mirror elements of the parabolic retaining bracket should be one, the Clear glass or plastic coating that faces light is preserved and otherwise well insulated to avoid freezing. In the case of severe frost, a hot air fan can be used Blow dry, warm air through the insulated space between the mirror and the insulation and thereby a beaten and freeze can be prevented the mirror elements can be fixed and unrolled during the Provide further insulation and protection at night.

By using lenses and small disks in the parabolic mirror units strong glass can be used. This means more security against hail damage and storm. Heat pumps can also be used; garden houses and others Buildings 20 can be spanned with upwardly curved semicircular retaining brackets. An additional transparent, weatherproof, insulating outer and inner covering 21 is to be provided. The individual absorber units then do not need any insulation. Absorber units in the middle of the Retaining bracket immobile are attached, know as a large unit can be produced in a simplified manner. The fulcrum the coarse, upwardly curved, semicircular headband can move further upwards weruen laid beyond the apex. Also a subdivision of the HaI o circular retaining bracket in a lower fixed part 22 and an upper orientable part eats possible.

Another construction can be used if there is an exact alignment can be carried out continuously and programmed in two directions. Here are the absorber units that concentrate sunlight in the direction of tias composed of this line.

It can also be a large one produced in a simplified manner in this direction Be absorber unit. Several of these straight, large absorber units become as a group of movements 23 in the middle 24 or with one side 25 rotatably mounted. With the other side vertical through jacketed racks or articulated joint with adjustable rods 2C. The individual large absorber units can be aligned together using rods and articulated joints. Also absorber units, that bundle the sunlight point-like are to be used in the construction.

A large part of the heat demand6 can be covered by this system will. A move back from sunless days is through a corresponding size the system with its subdivided, insulated hot water tanks.

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Claims (8)

Patent claims.W Attachments for the use of uer tooPellenery; ie- through direct Heating of the domestic water or with the help of a closed circuit, frost-proof, liquid medium. The systems are characterized in that the Heating takes place in several stages and the heated fresh or service water is collected separately in insulating containers according to heating stages. The containers are connected to each other by pipes. With closed circuits with frost-proof Liquids is the heated medium by means of tubes through the liquid of the associated The container. The control and allocation of the liquids and the circuits takes place by temperature sensors and thus controlled valves. In the first stage 6 uninsulated absorber hoses or pipes absorb the heat from otherwise unused and partly short-lived heat sources. The second stage uses the sun's heat directly through absorber pipes or absorber tubes (Fig. 1). These hoses or pipes consist of the outer, Durable, crystal clear walls and an inner black or dark colored Hose or pipe through which the water to be heated or the frost-proof Liquid is pumped. The inner hose or the inner tube is held by means of spacers kept centrally. The third heating stage takes place with lens-like shaped, At right angles to the lens cross-section, lengthened clear glass or permanent, crystal clear Plastic parts (9). In the focal line uieser lens body (3) is located the black absorber tube (1o) with absorber surfaces made of metal. Another good one Isolate insulation with clear glass or molded plastic parts or panes especially this focal point. Heat losses are possible everywhere in the systems Each of the rotatable (12) or firmly connected to the bracket A larger unit (27) composed of several lens units is an all-round one closed, with isolated side surfaces (5) producing body, which as Is called absorber unit. The absorber units are on a semi-circular retaining bracket (7) partially rotatable (12) and partially rigidly attached (27). The bracket with the absorber unita can be adjusted according to the season and adjust the sun's path. The is in the bracket and thus in the focal point Absorber pipe (10) with the liquid to be heated. The outer absorber units (12) on which the first and last economically usable rays of the sun fall, are rotatably attached to the bracket. They will be updated separately once a day aligned with the sun's path 0 An imaginary diameter line of the retaining bracket or the axis of rotation should be oriented towards east-west with this construction be. The imaginary diameter line (8) or a line parallel to it in the direction The vertex of the retaining bracket is the selected axis of rotation. The retaining bracket is used daily set according to the sun's path. The setting is made so that an imaginary plane through the retaining bracket and extended beyond the pivot axis or diameter line leads through the highest point of the sun's path of the respective day (11). Another Heating takes place through absorber elements with correct lenses part (3) of the (Fig. 3). The absorber tubes can be reduced in diameter, the absorber surfaces Likewise. The flow rate of the liquid to be heated is accordingly to regulate the desired heating. For example through distribution and diversion on several brackets to reduce the throughput. As an alternative or in addition can be the forwarding or supply of the, strongly concentrated by absorber units Sunlight to and from other locations through fiber optic cables. In order to get an even greater concentration for this, several times one after the other, Reduced lenses or lenses fitted at the respective focal point Absorber units provided. 2. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized that in the first stage the solar heat by a simplified Absorbent hose made of durable, crystal clear Hose consists in which besides the liquid to be heated additionally black or dark colored, Corrosion-resistant, heat-absorbing fittings (Fig. 2) loose or with one another connected, withdrawn. 3. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized that larger systems for roofing garden houses (2o) or other buildings an elastic connection and other fittings between the individual Get absorber units and inside halo of an upper and lower, water-thinned, insulating, clear glass or plastic construction (21). The fulcrum in the big, semicircular, upward arched headband can move upward closer to the apex be relocated (9). The bracket can be in an alignable upper part and a fixed lower part (22) are separated. A one-time, daily alignment after the path of the sun is in the outer absorber units (12) and (22) required, as this is due to the one-time alignment of the support bracket ( B) cannot be automatically aligned for the morning and evening sun. 4. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that parabolic, rotatable and continuously aligned to the position of the sun Brackets are used (Fig. 11). The axis of rotation of these retaining brackets shows Nord-Süti in the construction. The retaining bracket is vertical according to the sun running frame of the respective Season adjustable (17), in addition, each retaining bracket is 1 and all at the same time and evenly, continuously aligned to the turret position through programmed movement (17). Instead of the aosoro units, the parabolic shapes are adapted and subdivided Mirror related (15). These are rigidly connected to the bracket and reflect the Sun rays on an insulated adsorber tube with absorber surfaces (16) held in focus. This absorber pipe with the insulation is made by articulated and rod connections coupled with the retaining bracket and thereby correspondingly during the alignment movements mitgenotsere It remains in focus due to a parallel shift. The parabolic Retaining brackets are also individually or in groups corresponding to the path of the sun with the help of articulations and rods (19) or by other means once a day vertically aligned so that the axis of rotation is at right angles to the path of the sun. One another level of concentration of sunlight occurs once or several times one behind the other, with lenses arranged in the respective focal point or with lenses equipped absorber units, which in their dimensions at each new stage have been reduced accordingly. In the last absorber unit, the ^ is concentrated Solar energy to the frost-proof or other liquid in the absorber pipe or passed on to fiber optic cable. 5. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the absorber units elongated in a straight line in the direction of the focal line manufactured or assembled. In the case of absorber units with real lenses, there is a sequence of absorber units or an elongated unit with several lenses for use. The holding bracket is straight and in it the absorber tube with the corresponding liquid. Several of these brackets with the 4 absorber units become movement groups summarized and continuously aligned ssx to the path of the sun (26). The axis of rotation of the Retaining bracket runs north-south. These brackets are attached to the absorber units running at the same time and programmed according to the position of the sun. For a construction with east-west oriented axes of rotation The retaining bracket is only a one-time, daily alignment of the animal retaining bracket Sun path required. A further alignment of the retaining bracket takes place (Fig. Lo) by articulated joints and rods (26) or by other means. 6. Systems for using solar energy according to claim 1, through this characterized in that instead of lenses - parabolic mirrors (4) in the absorber units be installed (Fig. 5). The absorber contents are attached to the brackets so that that the sun's rays hit the bracket (7) past the parabolic mirror. These absorber units have clear, translucent, insulating on the sunny side Glass or plastic covers. 7. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that two claims from 1 to 6 the transmission of solar energy additionally or only by fiber optic cable. 8. Systems for the use of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the construction principles described in the claims of 1 to 7 can be combined if necessary.