DE2931055A1 - CLOSED TUBE TIRE FOR VEHICLES - Google Patents

Description

.-5- 2931Q55

Closed tubular tire for vehicles

The invention relates to pneumatic vehicle tires in general and to closed ones Ring shape of simplified radial structure, on summaries of tire and rim and on one Process for making these in particular.

The terms "closed tubular tire" and "closed toroidal tire" used here denote a tire with a fully enclosed inflation chamber alone and without attachment to one Rim and an internal pressure that is higher than the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. The expressions mentioned are used here to distinguish open-base tires that, generally, are horseshoe-shaped having radial cross-sections and spaced apart beads, but without being mounted on a rim, none May contain fluid pressure.

As used here, a practically non-stretchable material refers to one whose elongation occurs when Tearing does not exceed five percent. A cord made from a substantially inextensible material may have an elongation at rupture exceeding five percent.

"Radial" refers to and means the direction of the cords of a reinforcing layer Cords form an angle greater than 75 degrees amounts to

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Any angles or inclinations of the tire components or parts, unless otherwise specified herein, refer to a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire.

The radial plane of a tire means one that passes through this tire and its Contains axis of revolution.

The state of the art of pneumatic automobile tires is today such that a breakdown of the vehicle due to a tire damage is relatively rare. Tires with radially extending carcass layers are widely used. "That is of increasing importance Need to preserve particularly those materials that are petrochemical in nature. this has made it desirable to have a pneumatic unit of a tire and a rim for light weight temporary use, especially for vehicles equipped with radial tires. It is also desirable to have a tire that has a higher load capacity for its size and weight compared to known type tires. Although a closed tube meets these requirements, tires are with closed hoses, as they are known today, have a relatively complex structure. The manufacturing a closed tube tire with radial sidewalls according to known methods very expensive today. One method includes winding the cords or wrapping around the carcass ply an annular core, the application of elastomeric layers, tape reinforcement layers and tread layers, the hardening of the whole thing and then the

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take out the core by peeling it off and washing it out the residue through one or more valve openings. Another method is the tire carcass formed on a core, then slit to detach it from the core, then reconnect and Inflate before completion of assembly.

Although well-known soaps with simplified construction open base with practically radial side walls can achieve the goals mentioned, they demand Beads for anchoring the reinforcing cords and contain an inflation pressure. Your need for special ridges limit the possible weight reduction. These beads can cause the tire to fail lead during operation. Because of the open base design of these tires, the rims are on to which they are used, exposed to the inflation pressure forces and must therefore be reinforced on top of each other so that they can withstand the forces of inflation pressure, i.e. they should be used with closed tires Hoses are used. An example of an open base tire of simplified construction and radial. Sidewalls are described in GB-PS 1.170.513.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a pneumatic tire of simplified construction indicate closed hose, which has practically radial side wall parts. With a unit of Tire and rim is the tire of simplified construction with closed tube and practical radial side wall parts. ■

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Another object of the invention is to provide a method of making a tire with a novel To indicate tubing that uses known equipment but not a core or mandrel.

These tasks are obtained with other advantages by a closed, reinforced, ring-shaped tire, which only requires two layers of practically parallel cords. The first or carcass ply three different angled zones. In the base, i.e. the part touching the part of the tire Edge, the angle of the carcass ply yarns in the cured tire is practically that of the carcass ply yarns identical in the raw unformed tire and a relatively large angle, i.e. greater than 60 degrees. In the sidewalls, the carcass ply threads run essentially radially, i.e. at an angle of at least 75 degrees. At the crown of the tire the carcass ply yarns are proportionate in one small angle, i.e. less than 60 degrees and lie in the opposite direction of the carcass ply yarns in the base of the tire. The second layer or tape layer runs over the crown of the tire by an amount approximately equal to that of the small angle carcass ply portion. The tape layer threads lie at an angle which is smaller and opposite to the direction of that of the apex part of the threads the carcass ply is. The base part of the carcass ply is, for example, made up of one or more Anchoring hooks or straps made of non-stretchable material, for example steel wire, held on the rim. To assemble

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also hears an inflation valve, sidewalls and treads, as is known per se.

The tire described here is not limited to the manufacturing method described here. Of the The simplified radial tube tire described can be manufactured on a cylindrical drum. No core or mandrel is used. A layer of rubberized corduroy, the threads of which in a proportionate manner at a large angle, i.e. greater than 60 degrees, to the length of the layer, becomes a cylinder shaped. The anchors are then applied to the outer surface of the cylinder, if necessary. Preferably An opening is now made in the elastomeric layer and in the carcass layer and through this inserted a valve core into an incision in the drum. Then the outermost radial face becomes the elastomeric layer treated with an anti-adhesive. Then the edges of the elastomeric layer and brought the carcass ply together so that they overlap the circumferential centerline of the structure and the Baste the edges of the elastomeric layer together. The edges of the carcass ply are stitched together and result in a collapsed or flattened closed annular tube. One layer of tape made of non-stretchable threads that are at a relatively small angle, i.e. less than 4-5 degrees and is opposite to the angle of the threads of the radially outermost ply of the carcass ply then axially centered with adhesive on the hose. A tread is applied over this in a known manner. Sidewalls are added to complete the raw, unformed tire. Then the

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finished raw tires formed in a ring shape and hardened by the inflation pressure. Hardening is preferred in a form. The structure is preferably inflated in the hardening mold via a valve core in order to prevent it to bring the hardening into its final singing form.

As the structure is formed, the threads succumb of the carcass ply and tape ply considerable movement to their final positions as described to take. There is no substantial edge movement of the carcass ply yarns in the base of the tire. The anchorage, if present, still rotates or does not move axially.

The invention is explained with reference to the drawings. In these is:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of the simplified radial tubular tire with an additional Structure broken away to show internal details;

FIG. 2 shows a radial cross section of part of the building drum with the parts of a simplified one Radial tubular tire, but not in a closed tube. Turning up the edges the material for forming a closed tube is in dashed lines shown and the thickness of the layers is shown somewhat exaggerated;

Figure 3a is a schematic view of the thread arrangement the green tire prior to forming from cylindrical to annular;

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Figure 3b is a schematic view of the thread arrangement after stretching into the ring shape; and

Figure 4 is an radial section of a rim for use in building, hardening and working of the simplified hadial tubular tire.

Figure 1 shows the overall appearance of the simplified radial tire 10. The elastomeric coated first or carcass cord layer 12 has three different angular regions depending on the location of the tire. In the base or in the rim contacting portion 14 of the tire 10 , each filament 16 of the carcass ply 12 has an angle practically identical to that of the carcass ply of the green tire, ie about 77 degrees. In the side walls 18, 19, each thread of the carcass ply 12 forms an angle of approximately 90 degrees. At the apex, each thread 16 of the carcass ply 12 lies at an angle of e.g. 45 degrees and in the opposite direction compared to the threads in the base 14. The first transition zones 22, 24 connect this part of the carcass ply 12 in the base 14 and the sidewall 18 bxw. 19 is on the tire 10. If, as can be seen, the anchoring is present, the first transition zones 22, 24 begin at the extreme axial edges of the anchorage 23 of the tire 10. The path of each thread 16 in this first transition zone is curved Second transition zone 25 * 26 exist at the projections 15, 17 of the crown 20 of the tire 10 and coincide with the outermost axial edges 29, 30 of the band 28 approximately. The path of each thread 16 in zones 25, 26 is also curved. Each thread 16 of the carcass ply 12 surrounds a circumference in a predominantly axial direction

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complete elongated segment of the tire, that of two radial planes distributed along the edge of the tire is formed. The ends of a given thread 16 of the carcass ply are edged against one another offset and overlap at the apex 20 of the tire 10. The degree of overlap can be minimal, i.e., sufficient to cause splicing and withstand inflation molding of the green tire to be able to, i.e. of uncured ripening, or can be the same width of the tape layer 28 in order to obtain additional reinforcement at the crown of the tire. The tape layer 28 consists of the threads 31, which are practical are inextensible, and is preferably the same width as the tread 36 of the tire. The threads 31 of the tape layer 28 lie at a very small angle, for example 15 degrees, and run in opposite directions Direction compared with the part of the threads 16 of the carcass ply 12 which is immediately radially after run inside. Although only a single layer of tape is shown, multiple layers of tape can also be used will. The lining 32 serves to prevent a Penetration of the inflation gas through the structure. A cured elastomeric composition inflation tube can be used as a liner 32 in the manufacture of the tire be used. The valve 34- allows the inflation of the Formed and can also be in one of the sidewalls 18, 19 instead of in the base 14 of the tire. Radial outside the carcass-band structure are conventional side walls 18 and 19 and the tread to complete 36 provided.

Figure 2 shows a preferred method for producing a simplified radial tire with a closed ring

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form. The side walls 18, 19 are on the cylindrical drum or molding device 38. A Carcass ply 12 made of Oordstoff, the threads of which 16 in a relatively large angle, but less than 90 degrees, for example 77 degrees to the longitudinal direction of the carcass ply 12 is brought onto the drum 38 and one in longitudinal ends results in a complete cylinder. The angle of the threads 16 of the carcass ply 12 to the edge direction of the cylinder is not right. Then there is a layer 39 of an elastomeric composition added the impermeable interior lining 32 of the tire forms. The anchorage 23 of a practically inextensible material, for example metallic wire, fiberglass or an organic fiber with high modulus or the like. For example, stirrups are placed at axially spaced locations which are the width of the base 14 of the tire 10, placed on the layer 39 and centered on the edges 41, 42 of the layer 12. Through the carcass ply cylinder an opening 44, into which an inflation valve is inserted, passes between the anchoring bracket 40 will. In the building drum 38 is intended to receive the A corresponding incision 46 may be provided for the valve. The radially outermost surface 47 of the elastomeric filling 39 is then treated with a suitable known anti-stick agent. It is preferably a (not shown) Plastic film, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, is used as an anti-adhesive to ensure that the anti-adhesive does not penetrates the splice points of the unit made of carcass ply and filling and can contaminate them. Then the Anti-adhesive coating of the edges 48 and 49 of the unit made of carcass layer and filling is lifted out radially from the drum 38 and pulled axially to one another until it overlap in the radial outer part of the structure.

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This overlap is shown in ^{dashed lines in I 1} IgUr 2 and can be layered. The overlapped area 50 cannot be centered on the median plane GP of the structure and is tacked in a conventional manner to obtain a flat tube. The binding layer 28 with the threads 31 at the opposite and much smaller angle of the carcass layer 12 in the apex area, for example 20 degrees, is then centered over the anchor bracket 40 and pinned to the carcass layer 12 through and through. The structure is completed by adding a tread 36 as in a conventional vehicle tire and then removed from the drum 38. A collapsible or slightly tapered cylinder (not shown) can be used to facilitate removal of the finished green tire.

The raw tire is then preferably placed in a corresponding hardening mold cavity (not shown) and that Valve 34 · placed on the source of inflation. When applying the inflation pressure the structure expands from a shape of flat cross-section so that it has the inner shape of the cavity assumes a practically ring-like shape. For this, the threads 16 and 31 must be the carcass layer and the tape layer are subjected to a considerable relative movement against each other. These movements are schematic in Figures 3A and 3B shown. The exit arrangements of the threads are shown in Figure 3A. There is a single one Thread 12 an angle of about 77 degrees to the radial inner layer LL. The radial outer layer OL is opposite directed. A single thread 31 of a layer of tape 28 forms an angle of in the opposite direction to the radially outermost layer OL of the carcass layer 12 about 20 degrees.

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The final arrangements of threads 16 and 31 will be shown in Figure 3B. The part of every carcass thread that in the base 14 of the tire 10 and between the axially most distant ends of the anchoring hooks 40 is further at an angle of 77 degrees, i.e. the base 14 of the tire 10 is not subject to movement during the molding of the tire. This part of each carcass ply yarn 16 in the crown 20 of the tire 10 is moved radially outwardly from the base 14 and up pantographed a much larger angle of about 45 degrees and lies further in the same direction. Both parts of the carcass thread 16, which under the side walls 18, 19 of the Tire lies, has a larger angle from its starting angle to become practically radial, and forms in the illustrated embodiment an angle of about 90 degrees. Each tape layer thread 31 is from his Starting angle has been pantographed from at a smaller angle of about degrees.

The anchoring means should consist of a practically inextensible material. Although the face value of the The stress exerted on the anchorage is considerably smaller than that exerted on the beads of conventional open tires is, if the anchoring means are made of stretchable material, such stretching can den Tires move sideways to the rim that supports it leave what is undesirable.

Instead of the hooks 40, one or more bands of rubberized material (not shown) can also be used will. The axially most distant edges of these bands should be at approximately the same point from the median edge plane of the Away from the tire as the hooks 40 do. The Fä-

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This band should have a small angle, preferably in the range of 0 to 10 degrees. Using of anchoring tapes, the valve core 34 can be inserted through this tape.

The exit angle for the threads 16 of the carcass ply 12, i.e. in the unshaped green tire, should be relatively large, i.e. greater than 45 degrees and preferably of 60 degrees up to 85 degrees. In the case of hardened tires, the The threads of the carcass layer in the side walls run practically radially, i.e. at an angle of at least Degree. The angle of the threads of the carcass ply 12 in the sidewalls 18, 19 of the cured tire is becoming larger and larger than the angle of the threads of the layer at the apex 20 or at the base 14 of the cured tire. The angle of the threads of layer 12 in the apex 20 of the cured tire should be relatively small, i. Do not exceed degree. The smaller the angle of the threads of this layer at the apex, the greater their contribution for narrowing the edge of the tire.

As used herein, the blow-up ratio is the ratio of the diameter of the crown part of the carcass ply at the median plane GP to the diameter of the crown portion of the carcass ply after being in the form of a flat tube but before inflation (on the form former). As the inflation ratio of the tire becomes larger, the degree of thread movement of the carcass ply also becomes larger for the threads of this layer and for those of the tape layer.

The starting angle for the threads of the carcass ply for a given hardened angle depends in part on the

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Inflation ratio of the tire. When the relationship becomes larger, the starting angle of the threads of the carcass ply should be for a given cured angle get smaller.

The starting angle for the filaments of the tape layer 28 should be relatively small, i.e. preferably less than 35 degrees. The hardened angle of these threads of this tape should be less than 35 degrees and preferably be less than 25 degrees. The smaller the angle of these threads, the greater their contribution to the narrowing of the edges of the tire. The practical lower limit for the exit angle of the threads of the tape layer is about 15 Degree of known threads and fabrics that are suitable for tire reinforcement. Smaller angles are not practical, because the thread lock-up (physical interference) occurs at low inflation ratios, except when the initial thread spacing is increased so that the fabric is not sufficiently firm. The introduction of fabrics with threads of higher tensile strength and smaller ones Cross-section as well as a larger distance between the axes of adjacent threads allows the use of smaller threads ■ Direction of flight at a given inflation ratio.

The starting angle of the threads of the tape layer at one given hardened angle also depends on the inflation ratio of the tire, if this ratio becomes larger, the starting angle of the threads of the tape layer is also intended to increase for a given hardened angle.

A tire according to the invention can be molded separately or molded with the rim as a whole. In the latter case the tire is preferably built on the rim and

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hardened. When the tire is glued to the rim, anchor hooks 40 or equivalent will be used superfluous.

When the tire is built and cured on its rim, the carcass ply 12 can be put into place prior to being fitted the shape of a flat hose does not result in a mathematically exact cylinder, but a socket can be changeable Form diameter on its axis of rotation according to the rim design. Under the term "cylinder" or "cylindrical" in connection with the carcass ply is understood to mean a sleeve, the diameter of which corresponds to the location its axis of rotation varies, as well as with an unchanged diameter.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a suitable one Rim that is circular and can be attached to a vehicle wheel disc (not shown). It is preferably the last edge on its axial median plane 53 and takes on and off from its axial median plane towards the axially most distant edges 54, 55.

The rim is preferably of V-shaped cross-section, as shown, or of arched cross-section (not shown). A cylindrical rim with a diameter that does not change can also be attached to its axis of rotation be used.

Exemplary embodiments and details have been shown to explain the invention, but those skilled in the art can also make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention is thus not limited to these examples in the description and in the drawings.

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Claims (16)

/ left! Closed vehicle tire with closed tube from a carcass layer of practically parallel threads that run continuously and completely around an edge extend elongated segment of a tire and are inclined to a plane at the apex of the tire, which runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire , characterized, that the threads of the carcass layer (12) in the sidewalls (18, 19) of the tire (10) run radially and in the base (14) of the tire (10) are inclined opposite to the plane by an amount which is larger than in the apex (20), and that in the apex a band layer (28) of practically parallel The threads are inclined opposite to the threads in the carcass ply (12) in the apex (20) are. BORO MONKS:
8 MONKS 22
ST. ANNASTR. 1t
TEL .: 089/2235 44 TELEX: 1-856 44 INVEN d 030008/0731 TELEGRAM: INVENTION BERLIN TELEPHONE: BERLIN 030/885 60 37 030/886 23 82 BANK ACCOUNT:
BERLINER BANK AG.
BERLIN 31
3695716000 POST CHECK ACCOUNT: W. MEISSNER, BLN-W 122 82-109 2. Tire after. Claim 1, characterized in that each thread of the carcass ply (12) when passing from the base (14 ·) to the side walls (18,19) by a first curved Zone and when running from one side wall to the apex (20) through a second curved Zone is connected. 3- Tire according to Claim 2, characterized in that the second curved zone is at least partially below the axial edges of the tape layer (28). 4. Tire, characterized in that the ends of the carcass layer (12) are in Overlap vertices (20). 5. Tire according to claim 1, characterized in that that the tape ply threads are less inclined to the plane than those of the carcass ply (12) in the crown (20) of the tire (10). 6ο tire according to claim 1, characterized in that that the tape layer (28) consist of threads of practically inextensible material. 7. Tire according to claim 1, characterized that anchoring means (40) made of inextensible material in the base (14-) of the Tire (10) are formed from the carcass layer (12). 030008/0731 8. Tire according to claim. 7 »marked that the anchoring means (40) is a band of practically parallel reinforcing threads that are inclined to the plane by an amount not exceeding about 10 degrees. 9 · Tire according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the Tire (10) is attached to an annular rim (52). 10. Tire according to claims 2 and 10, thereby characterized in that the rim (52) lies at least at the edge on its axial median plane and its circumference gradually changes from its axial Midplane to the axial ends becomes larger. 11. Tire according to claim 10, characterized in that that the rim (52) has an arcuate radial cross section. ο tire according to claim 10, characterized that the rim (52) has a V-shaped radial cross section. 13. A method of making a closed tube tire according to claim 1 characterized in that refuses that a cylinder of a carcass ply (12) made of rubberized fabric whose threads run parallel to each other and a non_right angle with the circumferential direction of the cylinder form that a layer of an elastomeric mixture on the radially outer surface of the carcass ply cylinder is glued that through the cylinder a 030008/0731 - 4- - Opening into which a valve core (34) is inserted is that the edges of the carcass ply (12) and the elastomeric layer are raised and radially outward the edges of the carcass ply (12) and the position of the one another are drawn that the edges of the Base (14) of the tire (10) are applied radially outward and form a flattened tube and a tape layer (28) of parallel threads is glued to the radial layer, which are opposite are inclined to the radially outermost part of the threads of the carcass ply and with this a smaller angle with the circumferential direction of the hose, and that the hose is inflated in a ring. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the initial inclination of the carcass layer (12) to the circumferential direction of the cylinder is at least 60 but less than 85 degrees and the initial inclination the tape layer (28) to the circumferential direction of the hose is not greater than 35 degrees. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a side wall (18, 19) is in front of added to the application of the carcass ply (12) and a tread before inflation of the tube is attached. 16. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the anchoring means on the The carcass ply (12) can be applied before the edges of the carcass ply are laid and a flat one Form hose, and that the axial ends of the device the axial ends of the base (14) of the Tire (10) correspond. 030008 /