DE2929187A1 - IC engine cylinder charging and scavenging system - includes opposed inlet and exhaust ports at end of cylinder remote from head - Google Patents

Abstract

The IC engine has one or more cylinders containing pistons coupled to a crankshaft by connecting rods, together with a sparking plug or fuel-injection nozzle in the cylinder head. A fresh air intake (18) and an exhaust outlet (19) are provided in the part of the cylinder (14,15) furthest from the head, these being situated diametrally opposite each other in relation to the cylinder axis. Control of the scavenging operation is by the piston itself (12). The edge of the exhaust port can be nearer to the head than that of the inlet port, and the fresh air can be supplied by a pressure-charger.

Description

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and one cylinder reciprocating piston coupled via a connecting rod to a rotating crankshaft, wherein a spark plug and / or injection nozzle for the fuel are arranged in the cylinder head.

Such internal combustion engines are generally known. The control of the gas exchange 1n takes place as a rule through valves.

The valve control is known to be very complex for both hanging valves and standing valves, therefore requires regular maintenance - adjusting the valves - and is often a source of engine damage, poor combustion and poor efficiency, since the valve control has a considerable Part of the engine power consumes.

The present invention is based on the object of creating an internal combustion engine and its control the gas exchange, i.e. the fresh air supply 1n the combustion chamber and exhaust gas discharge from this without valves takes place, and which is characterized by simple structure and high efficiency.

This object is achieved in that there is a fresh air inlet in the region of the cylinder which is remote from the cylinder head and exhaust gas outlet are provided, the inlet and outlet are arranged approximately diametrically to the cylinder longitudinal axis or that the gas exchange is controlled by the piston e.

030068/0223

Due to the lack of valves, the mechanics of the motor according to the invention are valve-controlled Motors considerably simpler and therefore less susceptible to failure. Furthermore, through the lack of the performance-reducing valve control the efficiency vastly improved.

To get an optimal. To receive transverse flushing, the edge of the exhaust outlet facing the cylinder head is closer to the cylinder head than the corresponding one Edge of the fresh air inlet. This ensures that the combustion gases that the piston push away from the cylinder head in the work cycle, for the most part through the exhaust gas outlet from the combustion chamber can escape before fresh air or fresh gas enters the combustion chamber through the fresh air inlet got.

The fresh air charge or fresh air supply through one is essential for increasing the efficiency Compressor or supercharger, so that the fresh air is directed into the combustion chamber of the cylinder under overpressure will. On the one hand, this improves the flushing of the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, the The proportion of oxygen required for combustion is significantly increased.

Constructive developments of the present invention are described in the subclaims.

In the following, the invention is illustrated by way of a preferred one Exemplary embodiment, which is shown schematically in the accompanying drawings, is explained in more detail.

0300S6 / 0223

Show it:

Figure 1 shows a boxer engine with the features of the invention in cross section,

FIG. 2 shows the motor according to FIG. 1 partially in horizontal section, partly in plan view,

FIG. 3 shows the engine according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 in side view, with a cylinder in the range of Inlet and outlet is shown in vertical section,

FIG. 4 shows the engine according to FIG. 1 in a front view, with partial areas showing parts of the Compressor and cooling fan have broken away,

FIG. 5 the compressor in a front view,

FIG. 6 shows the compressor according to FIG. 5, partially in a longitudinal section,

Figure 7 shows an impeller of the compressor 1n view, and

FIG. 8 shows a wing of the compressor with an illustration of the wing professor.

In a motor housing (10) there is 1n common catfish a crankshaft (11) mounted. There are four of them Piston (12) 1n conventional WE1se connected via connecting rods (13). The cylinders (14, 15) are after Arranged in the manner of a boxer engine (see FIG. 2).

030068/0223

I in the cylinder head of each cylinder (H ₅ 15) are a spark plug (16) and an injection nozzle

(17) arranged for the fuel. On the side facing or inner side of the motor housing (10) an air inlet (18) and exhaust gas outlet are located opposite one another in the cylinder wall (19). The inlets and outlets (18, 19) are thus arranged diametrically to the cylinder longitudinal axis. the The edge (74) of the exhaust gas outlet (19) facing the cylinder head is closer to the cylinder head as the corresponding edge (75) of the fresh air inlet (18). The heights of the inlet (18) and outlet (19) are different, so that with a backward movement of the colo, at first the outlet (19) is opened so that the combustion gases can escape before fished air is supplied will. The dimensions are taken so that the outlet (19) is already 12 millimeters open, before the air inlet (18) is released through the corresponding control edge of the piston (12).

The head of the piston (12) is in the area of the inlet

(18) and outlet (19) with recesses or millings (20, 21) provided. The recess in the area of the fresh air inlet (18) is concave to the cylinder head arched so that the incoming fresh air is directed upwards or in the direction of the cylinder head and thereby causes an air purge.

As can be seen in particular from Figure 3, the Recesses in the area of the air inlet (18) and Exhaust gas outlet (19) separated from one another by a web (22) or (23), so that in each case a "pair of recesses" (20a, 20b or 21a, 21b) is present.

030066/0223

■ Χ-

The gas exchange is controlled by the piston (12). As soon as the air inlet (18) and exhaust gas outlet (19) are shut off by the piston (12), compression takes place. In the upper end position of the piston (12) is ignited by the spark plug (16). This will cause the combustion in In gear. The expanding combustion gases push the piston (12) back down or away Cylinder head gone. As soon as the piston has released the exhaust gas outlet (19), the combustion gases escape through it and into the exhaust pipe (45) Free.

From Figure 3 it can be seen that the inlet (18) and outlet (19) each through to the cylinder wall (38) subsequent connection walls (39) are limited. The cooling fins of the cylinders are marked with (37). From Figure 3 it can also be seen that the inlet (18) and outlet (19) each through a web (40) 1n two Openings are divided. The webs (40) close to the webs (22, 23) between the recesses (20a 20b or 21a, 21b). The fresh air is via a Air line (42) with branches (43, 44) supplied. An exhaust (45) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet (19).

The rotatably mounted parts and the piston are lubricated by a gear pump (24) that controls the Lubricant, i.e. lubricating oil from an oil container (32) presses 1m motor housing (10) into the lubrication circuit, The gear pump (24) is driven by a gear (25) through the crankshaft (11).

The oil circuit can best be seen from FIG. In the usual way, there is an oil duct in the crankshaft

030066/0223

ΛΑ

or lubrication channel is provided, which opens in the area of the bearings (76) of the crankshaft, so that the lubricating oil is squeezed out here. The escaping oil also reaches the pistons (12). In the area of the piston bearing on the connecting rod (13) there are oil bores (27) provided that a lubricant supply too ensure the piston pin (26). The piston (12) is arranged with several 1n in a row Lubricant slots (29) are provided through which lubricating oil flows from the inside of the piston (12) can get to the outside of the same and thus to the inside of the cylinder. The lubricant slots are arranged within a groove (28) in the area of the inlet (18) and outlet (19) interrupted 1st. This prevents lubricating oil 1n from entering the inlet (18) or outlet (19) arrives.

With the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 2 is the usual oath. _a rad. A starter motor, not shown, can also attack this 1n normal catfish. An ignition distributor is driven by the crankshaft (11) via a special rack (31). Next to it is the gear (25) for driving the gear pump (24). Outside the motor housing (10) there is a Ke1lr1emenantrieb (33) for a compressor (50). In addition, another gear (34) for driving an injection pump (with toothed belt drive) and a V-belt wheel (35) for driving an alternator (not shown) are attached to the crankshaft (11).

030088/0223

In Figure 4, the engine according to the invention is shown in the front and back. Front view shown, with some parts broken away. Hit the reference number 50 is a Denotes compressor, which is driven by a V-belt (51) from a relatively large drive wheel (33) is driven. The drive wheel (33) sits on the crankshaft (11) (see also FIG 2). The fuel lines (53) coming from the injection pump (52) can also be seen in FIG. With the reference number 54 is the distributor designated.

Figures 4 to 8 deal with the structure of the Compressor, which has a fresh gas or fresh air supply 1n the combustion chamber of the cylinder under overpressure guaranteed. The compressor (50) consists essentially of a rotatably mounted in a housing (62) Impeller having a plurality of radially extending ones attached to a shaft (60) Wings (63). A drive pulley (61) is attached to the compressor shaft (60) via which the V-belt (51) is placed to drive the impeller. The wings or blades (63) are, as in FIG. 7, clear shows, bent against the direction of rotation. Furthermore, they are in the axial direction - as can be seen from FIG 1st - arched. The air outlet consists of a pipe (64) connected tangentially to the housing (62), which connects to the air line (42).

A pre-compressor (66) is connected upstream of the compressor. The supercharger (66) consists of a plurality of blades attached to the compressor shaft (60) (67). The vanes (67) are opposite the compressor shaft (60) inclined. In this way, a pre-compression of the fresh air drawn in is achieved.

030086/0223

aims. The fresh air sucked in by the pre-compressor (66) reaches the compressor (50) and is compressed even more in this. Between the pre-compressor (P6) and the compressor (50) is a Air duct (68) provided with multiple deflections. At the air inlet of the compressor housing (66) is a Cover (69) is provided, which is formed from radially directed blades or leaves. The foliage Cover (69) are inclined to the compressor shaft (60), in the opposite direction to the blades of the compressor. The cover (69) should remove dirt and any objects withhold ζj from entering the compressor. The cross section of the sheets of the cover (69) as well the wing (67) is shown in FIG. It can be seen from this that the cross-sections are symmetrical acts. The actual 'sealer (50) is still an area with fixed leaves (70) upstream. These are arranged at an angle, in the opposite direction to the actual compressor blades. (63). The cross-section of the fixed blades (70) is also symmetrical.

In the compressor line (71) there is a volume control element (73), namely an externally operable flap arranged. This can be done together with the injection pump can be controlled such that the amount of air 1n is controlled depending on the engine speed. at Naturally, less air is required and supplied at lower speeds than at higher speeds. The compressor is designed so that its idle speed is about 2400 revolutions / minute.

The boxer engine described works so that two

030066/0223

Pistons act in the same direction. In the case of a 1600 cm engine, the design is preferred chosen so that the compression is 1:11 (Otto engine) or 1:14 (diesel engine). The compressor (50) delivers an air volume of about 12,000 l / min. The fresh air comes with it an overpressure of about 2-3 atli in the combustion chamber of the cylinder.

The motor according to the invention is also particularly suitable for large vehicles, for example trucks, but also suitable for aircraft. Furthermore, the inventive training is also for others Engine types, for example in-line engines, V-engines, etc. applicable.

The compressor ensures effective flushing of the cylinders, with the result that an acidic more combustion is achieved. This has a favorable effect on the efficiency. A clean burn also delivers more environmentally friendly exhaust gases.

030066/0223

Claims (21)

Claims (1st / internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and one to the other in this back and forth, via a connecting rod with a rotating crankshaft coupled piston, with a spark plug and / or in the cylinder head Injection nozzle for the fuel are arranged, characterized in that in the remote from the cylinder head a fresh air inlet (18) and exhaust gas outlet (19) are provided in the area of the cylinder (14, 15) are that the inlet and outlet are arranged approximately diametrically to the cylinder longitudinal axis, and that the control the gas exchange takes place through the piston (12). 2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge facing the cylinder head (74) of the exhaust outlet (19) closer to the cylinder head than the corresponding one Edge (75) of the fresh air inlet (18). 030066/0223 Submitted models will be destroyed after 1 month, if not ordered. MUndlidie agreements,! »Special by telephonists require written confirmation: - The invoiced cones and with the invoice date due without deduction. - In the event of late payment, bank charges will be charged. Gerlchtittand and place of fulfillment Bremen. Bremer Bank, Bremen, No. 2 310 026 Öle Sparkasse In Bremen, No. 104 5855 Poltscheckkonto: Hamburg 339 52-202 3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fresh air charge through a compressor or charger (50) takes place, so that the fresh air under excess pressure into the combustion chamber of the cylinder (14, 15) is passed. 4. Internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the compressor (50) is a supercharger (66) is connected upstream. 5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the compressor (50) is a 1n a housing (62) rotatably mounted impeller with a plurality of fastened to a shaft (60), comprising radially extending vanes (63), wherein the compressor shaft (60) is connected to the crankshaft (11) of the motor is in operative connection. 6. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the vanes (63) counter to the direction of rotation of the impeller are bent. 7. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that that the blades (63) 1n in the axial direction or in the direction parallel to the compressor shaft (60) are arched. 8. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the supercharger (66) comprises a rotationally driven impeller which is coaxial 1st arranged to the impeller of the compressor (50). 9. Internal combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized. 030066/0223 that the blades (67) of the supercharger (66) attached to the light (60) of the compressor are. 10. Internal combustion engine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the supercharger (G6) a protective grille (69) or the like is connected upstream, which suction of dirt particles or the like prevented. 11. Internal combustion engine according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the piston head facing the fresh air inlet (18) and / or the exhaust gas outlet (19) Sides each have a recess (20, 20a, 20b; 21, 21a, 21b), which allows the inflow of Fresh air in the cylinder space and / or that Favor the outflow of exhaust gases from the cylinder space, in such a way that a direct current flushing he follows. 12. Internal combustion engine according to claim 11, characterized in that the inlet-side recess (20, 20a, 20b) is concave towards the cylinder head so that the side through the inlet (18) incoming fresh air is directed to the cylinder head. 13. Internal combustion engine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outlet side recess (21, 21a, 21b) an outwardly and downwardly or away from the piston head inclined Absehrä'gung or inclined surface is. - 4 030066/0223 14. Internal combustion engine according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the piston (12) in the circumferential area between Fresh air inlet (18) and exhaust gas outlet (19) with several lubricant openings, in particular is provided in the circumferential direction in a row arranged lubricant slots (29) which with a lubricant feed line (27) leading from the crankshaft (11) to the piston (12) fluidly connected. 15. Internal combustion engine according to claim 14, characterized in that the lubricant openings are arranged between the piston rings. 16. Internal combustion engine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the lubricant openings Within a Schmie.rmittelut interrupted in the area of the inlet (18) and outlet (19) (28) are arranged. 17. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the lubricant delivery by a with the crankshaft (11) 1n Operationally connected oil pump, in particular gear pump (24) takes place. 18. Internal combustion engine according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the Fresh air inlet (18) and / or exhaust gas outlet (19) two inlet or two separated by a web (40). Has outlet openings. 030065/0223 19. Internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the protective grille (69} is formed by blades extending radially to the supercharger axis, which are inclined with respect to the pre-compressor axis, namely against the inclination of the pre-compressor blades (67). 20. Internal combustion engine according to one or more of claims 5 to 19, characterized in that the fresh air line (64) on the compressor (50) leading to the fresh air inlet (18) tangentially connects. 21. Internal combustion engine according to claim 20, characterized in that in the fresh air line (64) an air volume regulating member (73), in particular an externally operable air flap is arranged. Applicant: for the applicant: Eugen Urban Meissner and Bolte Bremen patent attorneys 030068/0223